热致自卷曲左旋聚乳酸/聚乳酸-羟基乙酸共聚物纳米纤维血管支架制备及其性能

为研究热致自卷曲与生长因子梯度化修饰对血管内皮化的促进作用,使用左旋聚乳酸(PLLA)和聚乳酸-羟基乙酸共聚物(PLGA)作为材料,通过静电纺丝技术制备了具有热致自卷曲特性的PLLA/PLGA纳米纤维血管支架。通过静电喷雾技术制备了梯度生长因子修饰血管支架内层,并对其自卷曲、微观结构、生物相容性及内皮化功能进行表征。结果表明:制备的PLLA/PLGA血管支架具备多层取向纳米纤维结构,厚度为(6.75±0.4)μm,具有出色的生物相容性,可在37℃条件下自卷曲成管状结构;血管支架内层膜对生长因子成功进行了梯度修饰,修饰后血管支架的细胞迁移距离是未修饰的3.5倍,从而加快了内皮细胞迁移,促进血管内层的快速内皮化。

炔雌醇月缓释Poloxamer188复合聚L-乳酸电纺纤维的表征

目的考察在聚L-乳酸电纺纤维体系下,Poloxamer188复合量和炔雌醇的载药量对药物包裹和释放行为的影响。方法将炔雌醇、Poloxamer188、聚L-乳酸共同溶解在二氯甲烷中形成均相溶液后静电纺丝,其中Poloxamer188的复合量为聚L-乳酸质量的220%、240%、260%、280%、300%,炔雌醇的载量设为聚L-乳酸质量的5%、10%、15%。扫描电子显微镜观察纤维形态,差示热分析和X-射线衍射考察材料复合状态,高效液相色谱-紫外分光光度法测定释放介质中炔雌醇的含量,绘制释放曲线并拟合。结果所得产品均为微米级直径均匀无珠子结构的纤维。炔雌醇在纤维中复合良好,Poloxamer188在纤维表面有单体存在。炔雌醇在释放全程均为被增溶状态。随着Poloxamer188复合量的增高,药物释放量增加,随着炔雌醇载量的增高,药物释放量减少。Poloxamer188复合量为300%、炔雌醇载量为5%时,药物的百分释放量接近80%,缓释期可达28 d。释放曲线能够被Peppas方程式拟合。结论Poloxamer188复合量为聚L-乳酸的220%~300%时能够得到百分释放量较高的月缓释载炔雌醇电纺纤维。

利用竹基纤维素为碳源生物转化L-乳酸的潜力研究

以竹材制浆厂备料工段产生的废弃竹屑为原料,采用蒸汽爆破预处理且提取半纤维素后的竹基纤维素为碳源,同时对预处理前后竹屑采用扫描电子显微镜&能谱仪和激光粒度分析仪进行表征;用分步水解发酵工艺,结合高效液相色谱对发酵L-乳酸工艺关键参数进行了分析,探究了该碳源生物转化L-乳酸的潜力。结果表明,蒸汽爆破预处理提高了原料酶解还原糖释放量,在总固体(total solids,TS)质量浓度140 g/L、酶添加量60 FPU/g、酶解54 h条件下糖化,总糖质量浓度可达31.19 g/L。将糖化液用于发酵试验,在起始糖质量浓度19.43 g/L,发酵初始pH 6.5、菌株接种量5%、发酵17 h条件下,L-乳酸质量浓度可达6.28 g/L,其糖酸转化率高达80.87%。综上,该实验为竹基纤维素的利用提供了高值化途径参考。

白酒酿造中两种手性乳酸产生机理及控制措施的研究进展

白酒酿造中,开放式发酵将乳酸菌引入酒醅产生L-乳酸和D-乳酸,乳酸通过蒸馏进入酒体,是白酒中重要的风味物质,但过多乳酸有可能影响酒精代谢以及饮用舒适度。酿造原料、乳酸菌菌种和酿造工艺的不同导致白酒中两种手性乳酸含量和比例不同,从而导致白酒的风味和品质差异。该文综述了白酒酿造中两种手性乳酸的产生机理,总结了其在人体中的代谢作用,简述了白酒中两种手性乳酸的含量及比例差异,探讨了酿造原料、酒曲、酒醅、发酵进程、发酵温度、L-乳酸高产菌选育、蒸馏工艺和窖泥对两种手性乳酸产生的影响及控制措施,以及两种手性乳酸对白酒品质的影响,旨在不影响白酒风味的前提下为生产中增加L-乳酸和降低D-乳酸的调控提供一些参考。

高柔性聚乳酸薄膜的制备及对口蘑的保鲜效果

目的为了改善聚L-乳酸(PLLA)的柔韧性和气体选择透过性,将聚富马酸二元醇酯(PNF)作为柔性链段以熔融共聚方式引入PLLA中对其进行改性。方法以PLLA为主体,加入PNF,并改变其中二元醇链段长度制备一系列聚乳酸-共富马酸二元醇酯(PLNF)共聚物,随后将其制备成薄膜,测试其力学性能、气体透过性能和水蒸气透过性,并对口蘑进行贮藏试验。结果PNF的加入使PLLA的力学性能、气体选择透过性及透湿性均得到改善,且断裂伸长率是随着二元醇链段的增长而逐渐增大。与PLLA相比,聚乳酸-共富马酸癸二醇酯(PLDF)的断裂伸长率可达346.4%,聚乳酸-共富马酸丁二醇酯(PLBF)的CO_(2)/O_(2)选择透过比从3.0升高到4.4,且在口蘑贮藏期间可维持其形态,呈现较好的感官品质,在15 d内仍具食用价值。结论PNF的引入有效改善了PLLA的性能,延长了口蘑的货架期,为PLLA薄膜进一步用于生鲜果蔬包装提供了参考。

抗菌性聚(L-乳酸)/单宁酸接枝薄膜的制备

分别合成聚(衣康酸-co-丁二醇)(PBI)和低分子量聚(L-乳酸)(OLLA),将两者混合后进行缩聚反应,得到聚(L-乳酸-co-衣康酸-co-丁二醇)(PLBI)。然后,采用单宁酸(TA)与甲基丙烯酸缩水甘油酯(GMA)进行开环反应,制备了带有双键的光敏单宁酸(pTA)。最后,采用紫外光照表面接枝法制备了一系列抗菌性PLBI-pTA薄膜,对其化学结构、热学性能、力学性能、亲水性、疏水性及抗菌性能进行测试。结果表明,接枝pTA后,薄膜玻璃化转变温度及结晶度均降低,薄膜的断裂伸长率升高,最高可达328.1%,使PLBI-pTA薄膜具有较好的延展性。薄膜的水接触角由72.20°减小至30.47°,薄膜表面的亲水性得到提高。另外,随着pTA含量的增加,薄膜对大肠杆菌的杀菌率逐渐提升,最高可达86%。

低温冷凝沉积法3D打印骨组织工程左旋聚乳酸/珍珠粉复合支架

背景:大面积骨缺损的修复目前仍面临严峻挑战,研发可个性化定制、低成本且具有成骨诱导活性的组织工程支架用于骨修复意义深远。目的:探索低温冷凝沉积法实现3D打印含珍珠复合材料骨组织工程支架的工艺流程,并进一步测试该复合支架的理化性能和体外生物学功能。方法:采用研磨过筛法制备珍珠粉,将不同质量的珍珠粉加入左旋聚乳酸墨水中,使珍珠粉与左旋聚乳酸的质量比分别为0,0.1,0.2,0.3,0.5,采用低温冷凝沉积法3D打印左旋聚乳酸/珍珠粉复合支架。检测支架的微观形貌、抗压性能、水接触角、细胞相容性以及体外促成骨分化能力。结果与结论:①扫描电镜显示5组支架均有直径2μm甚至更小的微孔,形状不规则且相互连通;②5组支架均具有良好的抗压性能,其中珍珠粉0.5组支架的压缩强度高于其他4组支架(P<0.05),珍珠粉0.2组、珍珠粉0.5组的水接触角小于珍珠粉0组(P<0.01,P<0.001);③将骨髓间充质干细胞分别与5组支架共培养1,3,5 d,珍珠粉0.1组、珍珠粉0.2组、珍珠粉0.3组、珍珠粉0.5组培养3,5 d的细胞增殖均快于珍珠粉0组(P<0.05);培养1 d的活死染色显示,各组支架上的细胞数量较少,但均为活细胞;④将骨髓间充质干细胞分别接种至珍珠粉0组、珍珠粉0.1组支架表面进行成骨诱导分化,珍珠粉0.1组诱导4,6 d的碱性磷酸酶活性高于珍珠粉0组(P<0.05);⑤结果表明,左旋聚乳酸/珍珠粉复合支架具有良好的抗压强度、亲水性、细胞相容性与促成骨性能。

厌氧表达乳酸脱氢酶以提高大肠杆菌产D-乳酸光学纯度

【目的】为解决在D-乳酸工业发酵生产中使用农业粗加工或废弃物等廉价原料(含有少量L-乳酸)而导致终产物D-乳酸光纯降低的问题。【方法】构建了带有不同启动子的L-乳酸脱氢酶基因lldD的表达质粒:pUC19-PLD(PpflBp6)、pUC19-NLD(PnirB)及pUC19-PNLD(PpflBp6-PnirB),并将它们分别转化入大肠杆菌D-乳酸工程菌HBUT-D中,得到菌株HBUT-D3、HBUT-D5和HBUT-D7。通过LldD的酶活检测以及对NBS培养基(添加1 g/L L-乳酸)发酵结果的TOPSIS多元评估,优选出可快速去除L-乳酸且不影响D-乳酸发酵的菌株,并使用农业廉价原料进行发酵。【结果】HBUT-D7的LldD比酶活为64 U/g,L-乳酸的消耗速率为34 mg/(L·h),D-乳酸的生产强度为4.09 g/(L·h),综合评估为最优菌株。以玉米浆为原料进行发酵时,HBUT-D及HBUT-D7的L-乳酸消耗速率分别为10.41 mg/(L·h)及34.75 mg/(L·h);D-乳酸生产强度分别为4.24 g/(L·h)及3.87 g/(L·h);D-乳酸光学纯度分别为99.07%及99.92%。以糖蜜为原料进行发酵时,HBUT-D及HBUT-D7的L-乳酸消耗速率为6.87 mg/(L·h)和17.18 mg/(L·h);D-乳酸生产强度分别为1.93 g/(L·h)及1.88 g/(L·h);D-乳酸光学纯度分别为99.22%及99.99%。【结论】厌氧诱导启动子的表达质粒可提高菌株HBUT-D7的L-乳酸脱氢酶酶活,使其在使用廉价原料发酵时能有效消除L-乳酸,提高发酵终产物D-乳酸的光学纯度。

Effect of a Novel Nucleating Agent on Isothermal Crystallization of Poly（L-lactic acid）

The effect of a novel active nucleating agent(TBC8-eb) on the isothermal crystallization of poly(L-lactic acid) (PLLA) was studied by differential scanning calorimetry(DSC) and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy(FTIR) . The analysis on kinetics demonstrates that TBC8-eb can not only accelerate the crystallization rate but also transform most of the original spherulite crystals of PLLA into sheaf-like crystals. Furthermore,the free energy of folding(σe) of PLLA and PLLA with TBC8-eb is 0.15 and 0.06 J·m-2,respectively,which suggests that the addition of TBC8-eb favors the regular folding of molecule chains in the crystallization of PLLA,improv-ing its crystallization rate. The FTIR results show that TBC8-eb can accelerate the conformational ordering of PLLA in the isothermal crystallization. The conformational ordering of PLLA nucleated with TBC8-eb begins with the interchain interaction of CH3,and then a short helix emerges where a couple of CH3 groups interact.

Repeated-Batch and Continuous Production of L-Lactic Acid by Rhizopus oryzae Immobilized in Calcium Alginat Beads:ReactorPerformance and Kinetic Model

Repeated-batch and continuous production of L-lactic acid by immobilized Rhizopusoryzae with calcium alginate entrapment method in a three-phase fluidized-bed bioreactor was stud-ied.The operation conditions were optimized.The productivity based on total reactor volume wasabout 3 times higher than that with free cells in a traditional stirred tank bioreactor.A mathemat-ical model was proposed and the model predictions were in good agreement with the experimentaldat.

Synthesis of the Biomimetic Polymer: Aliphatic Diamine and RGDS Modified Poly(d,l-lactic acid)

A novel poly（d, /-lactic acid） （PDLLA） based biomimetic polymer was synthesized by grafting maleic anhydride, butanediamine and arg-gly-asp-ser （RGDS） peptides onto the backbone of PDLLA, aiming to overcome the acidity and auto-accelerating degradation of PDLLA during degradation and to improve its biospecificity and biocompatibility. The synthetic copolymer was characterized by FTIR, ^13C NMR and amino acid analyzer （AAA）.

Preparation and Properties of Bio-Based Flame Retardant L-APP/Poly(L-lactic acid)Composites

Poly(L-lactic acid)(PLLA)is a thermoplastic material with complete degradability,high biocompatibility and excellent mechanical properties.It can replace petroleum-based polymers are currently being used in the fields of packaging,agriculture,textiles,medical and so on.However,PLLA’s extremely flammability greatly limits its wider application.An bio-based flame retardant L-APP/PLLA composites was prepared by melt blending of the L-APP and PLLA.The morphology,impact properties,thermal properties and flame retardant properties of composites were investigated by field emission scanning electron microscope(SEM),impact tester,differential scanning calorimeter(DSC),thermogravimetric analyzer(TGA),limiting oxygen indexer(LOI)and horizontalvertical burning tester.The results showed that the degree of crystallization(X_(c))and LOI of L-APP/PLLA composites increased as increasing of L-APP content.What’s more,the impact strength first increased and then decreased,the glass transition temperature(T_(g))and melting temperature(T_(m))do not changed significantly.The impact strength of composites was 9.1 kJ/m^(2) at a 5 wt%loading for L-APP,which was the highest level.When the content of L-APP was 20%,the LOI was 30.8%,the Xc was 42.3%and the UL-94 level was V-0.This research can promote the value-added utilization of lignin and the application of PLLA in the fields of flame retardant materials.

L-LACTIC ACID FERMENTATION IN A ROTATING-DISC CONTACTOR WITH SIMULTANEOUS PRODUCT SEPARATION BY ION-EXCHANGE

A rotating disk contactor（RDC）was designed to perform L-lactic acid fermentation with afilamentous fungi,Rhizopus oryzae,which was immobilized on the surfaces of the rotating discs.Thebioreactor was operated using repeated-batch method as well as continuous feeding method.Ananionic resin,D354,slightly basic in nature and of high selectivity and capacity was chosen for lacticacid separation.A coupled process of L-lactic acid fermentation and ion-exchange separation wasevaluated experimentally.The results indicated that the pH value of the fermentation broth could bemaintained at about 3-3.5 without any addition of alkali.The conversion ratio of glucose to L-lacticacid was about 0.7 g·g-1 and the fermentation rate reached as high as 62.5 g·h-1·m-2.

Synthesis and Characterization of Chitosan-g-poly- (D, L-lactic acid) Copolymer

Biodegradable chitosan-g-poly (D, L-lactic acid) copolymers were prepared via two methods. (1) The lactide was grafted onto hydroxyl groups of chitosan by using macromolecular initiator sodium of trimethylsilyl-chitosan, (2) poly (D,L-lactic acid)(PLA) with low molecular weight can be linked to the amino group by coupling activated PLA to trimethylsilyl-chitosan. Two graft copolymers had hydrophilic-hydrophobic character and can be applied as carriers for drug delivery.

Optimization of L-lactic Acid Production of Rhizopus Oryzae Mutant RLC41-6 by Ion Beam Implantation at Low-Energy

In order to obtain an industrial strain with a higher L（＋）-lactic acid yield, the strain Rhizopus oryzae RF3608 was mutated by means of nitrogen ion beam implantation and the mutant strain RLC41-6 was isolated. Under optimal conditions the yield of L（＋）-lactic acid produced in a shake-flask reached 133 g/L - 137 g/L after 36 h cultivation, indicating that the conversion rate based on glucose was as high as 88% - 91% and the productivity was 3.75 g/L.h. It was almost a 115% increase in lactic acid production compared with the original strain RF3608.

SURFACE OF GELATIN MODIFIED POLY(L-LACTIC ACID)FILM

In this paper, the surface structure of poly(L-lactic acid) (PLLA) film modified with gelatin was investigated. ThePLLA film specimens were treated directly with aqueous alkali solution to provide their surfaces with carboxyl groups, sothat these functional groups could become the reactive sites for gelatin immobilization. The functional groups of the PLLAfilms were identified by ATR-FTIR spectra and XPS spectra, the changes in surface morphology were observed by usingenvironmental scanning electron microscopy (ESEM), and the hydrophilicity of modified PLLA films was examined bywater contact angle measurement. Experimental results showed that the gelatin was immobilized with water-solublecarbodiimide (EDC) onto the PLLA film's surfaces, and the gelatin content on the polymer surface was related to carboxylicgroup formed in the controlled hydrolysis process. Rough surfaces caused by hydrolysis will predominantly favor the adhesion and growth of cell; and the hydrophilicity of these surfaces after the modification procedure is enhanced.

Biomechanical features of Poly-D,L-lactic acid (PDLLA) rods through the degradation in vitro and in vivo

Objective:To observe the changing of biomechanical features during the degradation course of poly-D,L-lactic acid (PDLLA) rods in vivo and in vitro and to evaluate its value as an internal fixation material. Methods:PDLLA rods were emerged into PBS simultaneous body fluid with constant temperature of 37 C and the rods were embedded into muscle tissue of 20 rabbits for degradation in vitro and in vivo . The rods were taken out in 2, 4, 6. 8 and 12 weeks. Biomechanical features of bending, shearing and axial compression strength, rigidity and elastic modulus were observed during the degradation course. Statistical method was used to test the changes of biomechanical parameters. Results: (1) There was similar changes of bending, compressive, shearing strength and bending, compressive and shearing rigidity of the PDLLA rods between in vivo and in vitro. (2)Bending, compressive, shearing strength decreased 33%, 18% and 43% respectively within the first stage of the degradation, and after 6 weeks of degradation, they decreased slowly. (3)Elastic modulus, bending, compressive and shearing rigidity.decreased sharply during the 6 weeks of degradation, with a drop of 22% , 39% and 30% respectively, and after 8 weeks, they decreased slowly. Even after 12 weeks of degradation, the strength of the rods was still higher than that of sponge bone. Conclusion: During the degradation of the material, the strength and rigidity of PDLLA rods can meet the need of fracture fixation of cancellous bones.

Electrospun Chitosan( CS)/Poly( L-lactic-co-ε-caprolactone)( PLCL ) Nanofibers and Their Potential as Small-Diameter Vascular Scaffold

The ideal small-diameter vascular grafts should mimic the nanostructure and mechanical properties of nature blood vessel. In this study, electrospun chitosan( CS)/poly( L-lactic-co-ε-caprolactone)( PLCL) nanofibers were developed for potential small-diameter blood vessel applications. CS is a positively charged polymer which is beneficial for cell attachment and growth,while PLCL provides favorable mechanical support due to its excellent elasticity. Typical nanofibrous structure was observed in both CS/PLCL and pure PLCL scaffolds. The optimal mechanical property could be achieved when the weight ratio of CS/PLCL was 1 ∶ 2.Compared with pure PLCL scaffolds, the CS/PLCL scaffolds showed higher hydrophilicity and markedly promoted the attachment,spreading and proliferation of human umbilical vein endothelial cells( HUVECs). Hence,CS/PLCL scaffolds can be used as potential vascular grafts.

Composite Biomaterials Based on Poly(L-Lactic Acid)and Functionalized Cellulose Nanocrystals

The biocomposite films were prepared from poly(L-lactic acid)and cellulose nanocrystals.To improve interfacial compatibility of hydrophilic cellulose nanocrystals with hydrophobic matrix polymer as well as to provide the osteoconductive properties,cellulose was functionalized with poly(glutamic acid).The modified cellulose nanocrystals were better distributed and less aggregated within the matrix,which was testified by scanning electron,optical and polarized light microscopy.According to mechanical tests,composites filled with nanocrystals modified with PGlu demonstrated higher values of Young’s modulus,elongation at break and tensile strength.Incubation of composite materials in model buffer solutions for 30 weeks followed with staining of Ca^(2+)deposits with Alizarin Red S assay testified better mineralization of materials containing PGlu-modified cellulose nanocrystals as filler.As the result of in vivo experiment,the developed composite materials showed less level of inflammation in comparison with pure polymer matrix and composites filled with non-functionalized cellulose nanocrystals.

Microwave induced mutagenesis of Lactobacillus casei subsp. rhamnosus for enhancing L-lactic acid production

Mutagenesis of Lactobacillus casei subsp.rhamnosus X1-12 after low power microwave irradiation was investigated.Under a microwave power of 400 W and irradiation length of 3 min,a mutated strain W4-3-9 with high-yield L-lactic acid was obtained by screening.Compared with the starting strain X1-12,the L-lactic acid production of W4-3-9 was increased by 58.0% at a concentration of 115.8 g/L.The strain maintained the capability of producing a high L-lactic acid level after 10 generations.Cell surface morphology and DNA structures of parental and mutated strains were observed by atomic force microscopy (AFM).Amplified fragment length polymorphism (AFLP) analysis suggested the difference in AFLP band pattern between the mutated and non-mutated strains.Sequencing and BLAST analysis revealed that the catalytic site of lactate dehydrogenase (DHL) was changed due to the microwave induced mutation.