Screening of Myocardial Cardiotoxicity Induced by Anticancer Chemotherapy and the Importance of Global Longitudinal Strain

Introduction: The improvement of survival in patients with cancer and the expansion of therapeutic options have led to the emergence of a new profile of cardiotoxicity, specifically associated with antimitotic agents. Our study aimed to assess the incidence of chemotherapy-induced myocardial toxicity in patients with cancer. Patients and Methods: We conducted a looking-forward longitudinal cohort study including all patients admitted to the Cardiology departments of Aristide le Dantec Hospital and Dalal Jamm National Hospital Centre for apre-chemotherapy check-up. The included patients did not undergo any pre-existing cardiopathy. Results: Over a period of two years ranging from January 2019 to December 2021, a total of 37 patients were included in the study. Notably, there was a female predominance (92%) with an average age of 49.7 years ± 13.69. Breast cancer accounted for 70% of the neoplasms. Laboratory findings revealed moderate anemia in 19 patients (51%). At inclusion, the left ventricle (LV) was of normal size (LV diastole at 44.46 ± 4.97 mm). The systolic function of the left ventricle was normal in all patients, with an average ejection fraction (EF) of 63.1% ± 5.80 and a mean global longitudinal strain (GLS) of −20.4% ± 2.58. The most commonly used agents were anthracyclines. During follow-up, 3 patients (8.1%) developed clinical symptoms of left heart failure, and LV dysfunction on echocardiography was observed in 5 (13.5%) patients, with a significant decrease in EF Conclusion: The incidence of cardiac toxicity is not negligible, hence the importance of early screening. Strain imaging is an essential tool that should be performed as part of the assessment before chemotherapy and re-evaluated during treatment.

Transverse mode-coupling instability with longitudinal impedance

Transverse mode-coupling instability(TMCI)is a dangerous transverse single-bunch instability that can lead to severe par-ticle loss.The mechanism of TMCI can be explained by the coupling of transverse coherent oscillation modes owing to the transverse short-range wakefield(i.e.,the transverse broadband impedance).Recent studies on future circular colliders,e.g.,FCC-ee,showed that the threshold of TMCI decreased significantly when both longitudinal and transverse impedances were included.We performed computations for the circular electron-positron collider(CEPC)and observed a similar phenom-enon.Systematic studies on the influence of longitudinal impedance on the TMCI threshold were conducted.We concluded that the imaginary part of the longitudinal impedance,which caused a reduction in the incoherent synchrotron tune,was the primary reason for the reduction in the TMCI threshold.Additionally,the real part of the longitudinal impedance assists in increasing the TMCI threshold.

Factor Structure and Longitudinal Invariance of the CES-D across Diverse Residential Backgrounds in Chinese Adolescents

Background:Valid and reliable measures of depressive symptoms are crucial for understanding risk factors,outcomes,and interventions across rural and urban settings.Despite this need,the longitudinal invariance of these measures over time remains understudied.This research explores the structural components of the Center for Epidemiological Studies Depression Scale(CES-D)and examines its consistency across various living environments and temporal stability in a cohort of Chinese teenagers.Method:In the initial phase,1,042 adolescents furnished demographic details and undertook the CES-D assessment.After a three-month interval,967 of these participants repeated the CES-D evaluation.The study employed Confirmatory factor analysis(CFA)to scrutinize the scale’s structural integrity.We investigated factorial invariance by conducting a twopronged CFA:one comparing urban vs.rural backgrounds,and another contrasting the results from the initial assessment with those from the follow-up.Results:The CES-D demonstrated adequate reliability in both rural and urban high school student samples.The preliminary four-factor model applied to the CES-D demonstrated a good fit with the collected data.Invariance tests,including multigroup analyses comparing rural and urban samples and longitudinal assessments,confirmed the scale’s invariance.Conclusions:The results suggest that the CES-D serves as a reliable instrument for evaluating depressive symptoms among Chinese adolescents.Its applicability is consistent across different living environments and remains stable over time.

Longitudinal vibration characteristics of a tapered pipe pile considering the vertical support of surrounding soil and construction disturbance

This research is concentrated on the longitudinal vibration of a tapered pipe pile considering the vertical support of the surrounding soil and construction disturbance.First,the pile-soil system is partitioned into finite segments in the vertical direction and the Voigt model is applied to simulate the vertical support of the surrounding soil acting on the pile segment.The surrounding soil is divided into finite ring-shaped zones in the radial direction to consider the construction disturbance.Then,the shear complex stiffness at the pile-soil interface is derived by solving the dynamic equilibrium equation for the soil from the outermost to innermost zone.The displacement impedance at the top of an arbitrary pile segment is obtained by solving the dynamic equilibrium equation for the pile and is combined with the vertical support of the surrounding soil to derive the displacement impedance at the bottom of the upper adjacent segment.Further,the displacement impedance at the pile head is obtained based on the impedance function transfer technique.Finally,the reliability of the proposed solution is verified,followed by a sensitivity analysis concerning the coupling effect of the pile parameters,construction disturbance and the vertical support of the surrounding soil on the displacement impedance of the pile.

Semi-analytical investigation of heat transfer in a porous convective radiative moving longitudinal fin exposed to magnetic field in the presence of a shape-dependent trihybrid nanofluid

The thermal examination of a non-integer-ordered mobile fin with a magnetism in the presence of a trihybrid nanofluid(Fe_3O_4-Au-Zn-blood) is carried out. Three types of nanoparticles, each having a different shape, are considered. These shapes include spherical(Fe_3O_4), cylindrical(Au), and platelet(Zn) configurations. The combination approach is utilized to evaluate the physical and thermal characteristics of the trihybrid and hybrid nanofluids, excluding the thermal conductivity and dynamic viscosity. These two properties are inferred by means of the interpolation method based on the volume fraction of nanoparticles. The governing equation is transformed into a dimensionless form, and the Adomian decomposition Sumudu transform method(ADSTM) is adopted to solve the conundrum of a moving fin immersed in a trihybrid nanofluid. The obtained results agree well with those numerical simulation results, indicating that this research is reliable. The influence of diverse factors on the thermal overview for varying noninteger values of γ is analyzed and presented in graphical representations. Furthermore, the fluctuations in the heat transfer concerning the pertinent parameters are studied. The results show that the heat flux in the presence of the combination of spherical, cylindrical, and platelet nanoparticles is higher than that in the presence of the combination of only spherical and cylindrical nanoparticles. The temperature at the fin tip increases by 0.705 759% when the value of the Peclet number increases by 400%, while decreases by 11.825 13% when the value of the Hartman number increases by 400%.

Distribution Line Longitudinal ProtectionMethod Based on Virtual Measurement Current Restraint

As an effective approach to achieve the“dual-carbon”goal,the grid-connected capacity of renewable energy increases constantly.Photovoltaics are the most widely used renewable energy sources and have been applied on various occasions.However,the inherent randomness,intermittency,and weak support of grid-connected equipment not only cause changes in the original flow characteristics of the grid but also result in complex fault characteristics.Traditional overcurrent and differential protection methods cannot respond accurately due to the effects of unknown renewable energy sources.Therefore,a longitudinal protection method based on virtual measurement of current restraint is proposed in this paper.The positive sequence current data and the network parameters are used to calculate the virtual measurement current which compensates for the output current of photovoltaic(PV).The waveform difference between the virtual measured current and the terminal current for internal and external faults is used to construct the protection method.An improved edit distance algorithm is proposed to measure the similarity between virtual measurement current and terminal measurement current.Finally,the feasibility of the protection method is verified through PSCAD simulation.

Research on the longitudinal protection of a through-type cophase traction direct power supply system based on the empirical wavelet transform

This paper proposes a longitudinal protection scheme utilizing empirical wavelet transform(EWT)for a through-type cophase traction direct power supply system,where both sides of a traction network line exhibit a distinctive boundary structure.This approach capitalizes on the boundary’s capacity to attenuate the high-frequency component of fault signals,resulting in a variation in the high-frequency transient energy ratio when faults occur inside or outside the line.During internal line faults,the high-frequency transient energy at the checkpoints located at both ends surpasses that of its neighboring lines.Conversely,for faults external to the line,the energy is lower compared to adjacent lines.EWT is employed to decompose the collected fault current signals,allowing access to the high-frequency transient energy.The longitudinal protection for the traction network line is established based on disparities between both ends of the traction network line and the high-frequency transient energy on either side of the boundary.Moreover,simulation verification through experimental results demonstrates the effectiveness of the proposed protection scheme across various initial fault angles,distances to faults,and fault transition resistances.

Flexible pavement longitudinal joint quality evaluation using non-destructive testing

Longitudinal joint construction quality is critical to the life of flexible pavements.Maintaining deteriorated longitudinal joints has become a challenge for many highway agencies.Improving the joint's quality through better compaction during construction can help achieve flexible pavements with longer service lives and less maintenance.Current quality control(QC)and quality assurance(QA)plans provide limited coverage.Consequently,the risk of missing areas with poor joint compaction is significant.A density profiling system(DPS)is a non-destructive alternative to conventional destructive evaluation methods.It can provide quick and continuous real-time coverage of the compaction during construction in dielectrics.The paper presents several case studies comparing various types of longitudinal joints and demonstrating the use of DPS to evaluate the joint's compaction quality.The paper shows that dielectric measurements can provide valuable insight into the ability of various construction techniques to achieve adequate levels of compaction at the longitudinal joint.The paper proposes a dielectric-based longitudinal joint quality index(LJQI)to evaluate the relative compaction of the joint during construction.It also shows that adopting DPS for assessing the compaction of longitudinal joints can minimize the risk of agencies accepting poorly constructed joints,identify locations of poor quality during construction,and achieve better-performing flexible pavements.

Research on the Resistance of Cutting Mechanism of Mining Longitudinal Roadheader

In order to accurately obtain the dynamic characteristics of the cutting mechanism of the mining longitudinal roadheader,combined with the working principle of the mining longitudinal roadheader,the theoretical analysis and derivation are carried out in detail.By using ADAMS to simulate,the resistance curve and torque curve of the cutting mechanism in different directions are obtained.The results show that ADAMS can effectively predict the excavation resistance and torque of the cutting mechanism of mining longitudinal roadheader,which has certain reference value for future optimization design.

Longitudinal Evaluation of Hemiplegic Ankle Rehabilitation Efficacy by Wearable Inertial Sensor Systems with an Assortment of Machine Learning Algorithms

With the amalgamation of wearable systems equipped with inertial sensors, such as a gyroscope, and machine learning a therapy regimen can be objectively quantified, and then the initial phase and final phase of a one year therapy regimen can be distinguished through machine learning. In the context of rehabilitation of a hemiplegic ankle, a longitudinal therapy regimen incorporating stretching and then a series of repetitions for raising and lowering the foot of the hemiplegic ankle can be applied over the course of a year. Using a smartphone equipped with an application to function as a wearable and wireless gyroscope platform mounted to the dorsum of the foot by an armband, the initial phase and final phase of a one year longitudinally applied therapy regimen can be objectively quantified and recorded for subsequent machine learning. Considerable classification accuracy is attained to distinguish between the initial phase and final phase by a support vector machine for a one year longitudinally applied hemiplegic ankle therapy regimen based on the gyroscope signal data obtained by a smartphone functioning as a wearable and wireless inertial sensor system. .

Analytical solution for longitudinal deformation of shield tunnel induced by overcrossing tunnelling considering circumferential joints

This paper presents a new analytical solution for assessing the longitudinal deformation of shield tunnel associated with overcrossing tunnelling in consideration of circumferential joints.A simplified longitudinal beam-spring model(SLBSM)is established to model the longitudinal behaviours of shield tunnel,which can consider the opening and dislocation between segmental rings simultaneously.Then,the existing tunnel is treated as the SLBSM resting on the elastic foundation.The state equations including tunnel displacements and internal forces are constructed to solve the discontinuous deformation of circumferential joint-segmental ring.The feasibility of the proposed solution is verified through three well-documented cases.The predictions from the proposed method are also compared with other analytical methods.It is found that the proposed method can well capture the deformation of tunnel segmental rings and joints,where the rigid displacement mainly occurs in the segmental rings while the rotation and dislocation occur in the circumferential joints.Some dominant parameters are also analysed to explore the effects on existing tunnel deformation,including the rotation stiffness and shearing stiffness of joints,the skew angle and the clearance between new and old tunnels.

Correlation analysis of longitudinal cracks and vertical deformation within asphalt pavement of cold regions

The asphalt pavement longitudinal crack is a common distress in cold regions,resulting from uneven deformation of the subgrade.Analysis of the correlation law between uneven deformation and crack distress is of positive significance for understanding the mechanism of crack initiation,and putting forward treatment measures.In view of the complexity of longitudinal crack inducement and road surface deformation,the grey relational method was used to analyze this relationship.Through long-term monitoring of the vertical deformation data of typical road sections,the vertical deformation law of the pavement surface and its deformation characteristics under the action of temperature field are analyzed.Parameters such as vertical relative deformation,vertical relative deformation rate and vertical differential deformation VDSr were constructed to describe vertical deformation characteristics.Typical distribution characteristics of longitudinal fractures and their length and distribution characteristics are also described.The grey correlation analysis theory was utilized to analyze the relationship between deformation characteristics of sections,cross sections and monitoring points and longitudinal crack characteristics(length and location).The analysis reveals a linear positive correlation or a high correlation between several indicators.This study can provide a deeper understanding of the occurrence and development mechanism of longitudinal cracks in asphalt pavement of cold areas,and give references for the research of road engineering structure,materials and distress prevention.

Influence of the Randomness of Longitudinal Resistance of Ballast Bed on Track-Bridge Interaction

To get the influence of the randomness of longitudinal resistance of ballast bed (LRBB) on track-bridge interaction, the statistical law of LRBB was studied with existing test data and the Shapiro-Wilk test. Based on the principle of track-bridge interaction, a rail-sleeper-bridge-pier integrated simulation model that could consider the randomness of LRBB was established. Taking a continuous beam bridge for the heavy-haul railway as an example, the effect of the randomness of LRBB on the mechanical behavior of continuous welded rail (CWR) on bridges under typical conditions was carefully examined with a random sampling method and the simulation model. The results show that the LRBB corresponding sleeper displacement of 2 mm obeys a normal distribution. When the randomness of LRBB is considered, the amplitudes of rail expansion force, rail bending force, rail braking force and rail broken gap all follow normal distribution. As the standard deviations of the four indexes are small, which indicates the randomness of LRBB has little effect on track-bridge interaction. The distributions of the four indexes make it possible to design CWR on bridges with the limit state method.

Simulation study on the influence of longitudinal dynamic force on extreme-long heavy-haul trains

Purpose–The objective of this study is to investigate the impact of longitudinal forces on extreme-long heavy-haul trains,providing new insights and methods for their design and operation,thereby enhancing safety,operational efficiency and track system design.Design/methodology/approach–A longitudinal dynamics simulation model of the super long heavy haul train was established and verified by the braking test data of 30,000 t heavy-haul combination train on the long and steep down grade of Daqing Line.The simulation model was used to analyze the influence of factors on the longitudinal force of super long heavy haul train.Findings–Under normal conditions,the formation length of extreme-long heavy-haul combined train has a small effect on the maximum longitudinal coupler force under full service braking and emergency braking on the straight line.The slope difference of the long and steep down grade has a great impact on the maximum longitudinal coupler force of the extreme-long heavy-haul trains.Under the condition that the longitudinal force does not exceed the safety limit of 2,250 kN under full service braking at the speed of 60 km/h the maximum allowable slope difference of long and steep down grade for 40,000 t super long heavy-haul combined trains is 13‰,and that of 100,000 t is only 5‰.Originality/value–The results will provide important theoretical basis and practical guidance for further improving the transportation efficiency and safety of extreme-long heavy-haul trains.

Reliability Design for Longitudinal Slope Length of Expressway

The significance and the strategies of applying the reliability design method of longitudinal slope length in expressway engineering were explored in this study.The objective is to offer insights that can be beneficial for designing longitudinal slope lengths in contemporary expressway projects,with a focus on enhancing their reliability and safety.

考虑环间接头影响的盾构隧道纵向变形简化解

为反映外荷载下盾构隧道相邻环间张开和错台,提出考虑环间接头影响的盾构隧道纵向变形简化解答。首先,引入纵向梁-弹簧模型模拟盾构隧道纵向受力变形,其中采用Timoshenko短梁考虑隧道环段变形,引入转动和剪切弹簧分别模拟环间接头转动与错台。其次,构建弹性地基上纵向梁-弹簧模型的有限差分方程,以解决环间接头-管环非连续变形求解问题,并推导外荷载下既有盾构隧道的纵向变形公式。最后,建立新建隧道上穿和下穿引起既有盾构隧道的纵向变形解答,并与新建隧道上、下穿越工程案例及现有理论方法对比验证。研究结果表明:所提方法预测的隧道位移与Timoshenko连续梁模型,协同变形模型和实测数据均具有较好的一致性,但所提方法得到的环间错台略低于Timoshenko梁模型和协同变形模型;所提方法可考虑环间接头的影响,得到的隧道位移曲线呈现既不光滑也不连续的特征,其中环段变形以刚体位移为主,而环间接头主要发生转动和错台;而基于现有理论所得盾构隧道纵向位移均为连续曲线,无法反映环间接头的真实转动与错台位移。

The default mode network is affected in the early stage of simian immunodeficiency virus infection:a longitudinal study

Acquired immune deficiency syndrome infection can lead to cognitive dysfunction represented by changes in the default mode network.Most recent studies have been cross-sectional and thus have not revealed dynamic changes in the default mode network following acquired immune deficiency syndrome infection and antiretroviral therapy.Specifically,when brain imaging data at only one time point are analyzed,determining the duration at which the default mode network is the most effective following antiretroviral therapy after the occurrence of acquired immune deficiency syndrome.However,because infection times and other factors are often uncertain,longitudinal studies cannot be conducted directly in the clinic.Therefore,in this study,we performed a longitudinal study on the dynamic changes in the default mode network over time in a rhesus monkey model of simian immunodeficiency virus infection.We found marked changes in default mode network connectivity in 11 pairs of regions of interest at baseline and 10 days and 4 weeks after virus inoculation.Significant interactions between treatment and time were observed in the default mode network connectivity of regions of interest pairs area 31/V6.R and area 8/frontal eye field(FEF).L,area 8/FEF.L and caudal temporal parietal occipital area(TPOC).R,and area 31/V6.R and TPOC.L.ART administered 4 weeks after infection not only interrupted the progress of simian immunodeficiency virus infection but also preserved brain function to a large extent.These findings suggest that the default mode network is affected in the early stage of simian immunodeficiency virus infection and that it may serve as a potential biomarker for early changes in brain function and an objective indicator for making early clinical intervention decisions.

大直径盾构隧道纵向刚度增强措施研究

为研究不同环缝接头结构对盾构隧道纵向刚度的增强效果,采用等效连续化模型计算得到断面直径对隧道纵向拉压、纵向抗剪和纵向抗弯刚度的影响规律,将隧道纵向刚度增强措施与管片环缝接头结构相联系,采用数值模拟深入探究了9种环缝接头结构的力学性能,对比得到增强隧道纵向刚度效果最优的环缝接头结构。结果表明:直径对纵向拉压和纵向抗弯刚度影响较小,对纵向抗剪刚度影响较大;环缝接头刚度增强措施能够显著减小管片位移,提高隧道纵向刚度,提升效果为:斜螺栓>弯螺栓,定位榫>剪力销>凹凸榫;螺栓型式和纵向刚度增强措施均对螺栓最大剪切应力有较大影响,竖向荷载下受螺栓型式影响较大,水平向荷载下受管片环缝接头刚度增强措施影响较大;结合经济性和有效性,当接头螺栓为弯螺栓时,设置定位榫是一种相对较优的选择。

心房颤动患者射频消融术后居家运动康复强度-时间依从性轨迹及预测因素的纵向研究

背景我国心房颤动(以下简称房颤)患病率逐年升高,患者的预后及生活质量亟需关注。现有研究证实运动康复是改善房颤射频消融术后患者预后及生活质量不佳的有效方式。依从性是衡量运动康复益处是否持续存在的关键指标,但其变化轨迹未知。目的基于前瞻性纵向观察的心房颤动患者射频消融术后居家运动康复强度-时间依从性5期追踪数据,考察发展轨迹及预测因素。方法采用便利抽样法,选取2020年5—11月就诊于南京医科大学第一附属医院心血管内科行射频消融术的246例房颤患者为研究对象进行随访。其中入组1周为基线调查,入组后3、6、9个月和12个月为追踪调查。收集患者的一般资料;本研究使用智能设备或运动日志对依从性进行监督和记录,从强度-时间依从性评估运动依从性;采用运动自我效能量表(SEE)、运动恐惧量表(Fact-CHF)、领悟社会支持量表(PSSS)、患者积极度量表(PAM13)分别评估患者的运动自我效能、运动恐惧水平、社会支持情况、积极度水平。利用Mplus工具构建潜类别增长模型(LCGM),取最优的拟合模型确定房颤患者射频消融术后居家运动康复强度-时间依从性的发展轨迹,采用Logistic回归分析识别轨迹类别的预测因素。结果44例患者失访,最终共202例纳入分析。基线、运动3个月、运动6个月、运动9个月、运动12个月患者例数分别为202、201、185、174例和159例,患者强度-时间依从性分别为(0.83±0.55)、(1.07±0.54)、(0.99±0.57)、(0.91±0.55)、(0.89±0.60)。LCGM结果显示,患者的运动康复强度-时间依从性变化过程具有群体异质性,分为3个潜类别轨迹组:缓慢下降-低水平组(n=69,34.2%)、快速上升-高水平组(n=14,6.9%)、持续依从组(n=119,58.9%)。无序多分类Logistic回归分析结果显示,以缓慢下降-低水平组为参照组,快速上升-高水平组和持续依从组男性患者的强度-时间依从性水平更高(P<0.001);快速上升-高水平组和持续依从组患者的年龄更大,运动自我效能水平更高(P<0.05);快速上升-高水平组患者的运动恐惧水平更低(P<0.05);持续依从组患者的积极度水平更高(P<0.05)。结论房颤患者射频消融术后居家运动康复强度-时间依从性呈多类别曲线增长的发展轨迹;未来可依据依从性的时变特点和因素定期进行强化干预,进而提高患者居家运动康复依从性水平且保持稳定。

考虑地层变异性的新建隧道下穿引起既有盾构隧道纵向变形的随机分析方法

沿盾构隧道纵向的地层变异不可避免,现有对于新建隧道引起既有盾构隧道纵向变形计算的解析模型大多将隧道下卧土体视为均质地基,忽略了地层变异性。本文针对新建隧道施工引发的既有盾构隧道纵向变形问题,构建考虑地层变异性的盾构隧道纵向力学解析模型,基于随机场理论,结合蒙特卡罗模拟策略提出隧道下穿引起既有盾构隧道纵向变形的随机分析方法。依托1个工程案例,基于所建立的盾构隧道纵向变形随机分析方法,开展新建隧道下穿施工影响下既有盾构隧道纵向变形随机分析,并与实测结果进行对比。最后,分析地层刚度变异系数和水平波动距离对既有盾构隧道纵向变形的影响规律。研究结果表明:地层变异性对盾构隧道纵向变形的影响不可忽略;地层刚度变异系数对既有隧道纵向位移均值和离散程度影响较敏感,地层刚度变异系数对可靠度指标的影响较显著。