Application of Predictive Model for Efficient Cassava (Manihot esculenta Crantz) Yield in the Face of Climate Variability in Enugu State, Nigeria

Climate variability as occasioned by conditions such as extreme rainfall and temperature, rainfall cessation, and irregular temperatures has considerable impact on crop yield and food security. This study develops a predictive model for cassava yield (Manihot esculenta Crantz) amidst climate variability in rainfed zone of Enugu State, Nigeria. This study utilized data of climate variables and tonnage of cassava yield spanning from 1971 to 2012;as well as information from a questionnaire and focus group discussion from farmers across two seasons in 2023 respectively. Regression analysis was employed to develop the predictive model equation for seasonal climate variability and cassava yield. The rainfall and temperature anomalies, decadal change in trend of cassava yield and opinion of farmers on changes in rainfall season were also computed in the study. The result shows the following relationship between cassava and all the climatic variables: R2 = 0.939;P = 0.00514;Cassava and key climatic variables: R2 = 0.560;P = 0.007. The result implies that seasonal rainfall, temperature, relative humidity, sunshine hours and radiation parameters are key climatic variables in cassava production. This is supported by computed rainfall and temperature anomalies which range from −478.5 to 517.8 mm as well as −1.2˚C to 2.3˚C over the years. The questionnaire and focus group identified that farmers experienced at one time or another, late onset of rain, early onset of rain or rainfall cessation over the years. The farmers are not particularly sure of rainfall and temperature characteristics at any point in time. The implication of the result of this study is that rainfall and temperature parameters determine the farming season and quantity of productivity. Hence, there is urgent need to address the situation through effective and quality weather forecasting network which will help stem food insecurity in the study area and Nigeria at large. The study made recommendations such as a comprehensive early warning system on climate variability incidence which can be communicated to local farmers by agro-meteorological extension officers, research on crops that can grow with little or no rain, planning irrigation scheme, and improving tree planting culture in the study area.

Influence of Harvest Periods on Cassava (Manihot esculenta Crantz) Agronomic Traits and Physiological Response to Post-Harvest Physiological Deterioration

Cassava (Manihot esculenta Crantz) is the third largest source of calories in tropical countries and the sixth most important food crop in the World. However, the short shelf life of its storage roots after harvest due to a rapid post-harvest physiological deterioration (PPD) makes the roots to be considered as a risky product to market. The objectives of this work were to investigate the influence of two harvest periods on cassava agronomic parameters and their physiological response to PPD. Three cassava cultivars 96/1414, I070593 and LMR were selected for the experiment and harvested at 10 and 12 months after planting (MAP). The response to PPD was assessed during storage at 0, 3, 8 and 15 days after harvest (DAH). Total proteins content, soluble sugars and starch, total polyphenols compounds, polyphenoloxidase and peroxidase activities were recorded during storage. Results showed large variation among the parameters at the two harvest periods across the cultivars. High number of tubers was recorded in all the cultivars at 12 MAP and a significant increase in storage roots length was observed in 96/1414 and LMR from 10 MAP to 12 MAP (25 ± 5.1 to 41.3 ± 5.9 and 22.6 ± 3.3 to 27.9 ± 4.8) respectively. A reduction of about 49% of tubers weight was observed in I070593 from 10 to 12 MAP while an increase of about 36% and 11% were recorded in LMR and 96/1414 respectively. Tubers from I070593 showed less susceptibility to PPD when harvested at 10 MAP compared to those from LMR and 96/1414 where less susceptibility to PPD were recorded at 12 MAP. An increase in soluble sugars content, total proteins content and peroxidase activity subsequently to a decrease in starch content were recorded during storage from 8 to 15 days after harvest especially at 10 MAP in I070593 and at 12 MAP in LMR and 96/1414. High content of total phenolic compounds and less activity of polyphenol oxidase were correlated to PPD susceptibility. This work opens a new insight issue of the consideration of the appropriate harvest time of the cultivars as a tool to better control the onset of postharvest physiological deterioration.

金花葵花黄酮超声辅助提取工艺优化及性能

以金花葵花为原料,采用超声辅助提取法提取了金花葵花黄酮,通过单因素实验和正交实验优化了提取工艺,评估了最佳工艺条件下提取的金花葵花黄酮的抗氧化活性及安全性。结果表明,金花葵花黄酮最佳提取工艺为:料液比(g∶m L)1∶15、体积分数80%的乙醇水溶液为溶剂、超声功率300 W、超声时间35 min、提取温度75℃,在该条件下,金花葵花黄酮提取率为89.97%。质量浓度为1.00 g/L金花葵花黄酮对1,1-二苯基-2-苦基苯肼自由基、羟基自由基和2,2’-联氮-双(3-乙基-苯并噻唑-6-磺酸)自由基的清除率最高,分别为94.81%、95.24%、82.80%;对三者的半数抑制质量浓度(IC_(50))分别为106.00、70.06和213.80μg/m L。金花葵花黄酮质量浓度≤0.4 g/L时,其对红细胞溶血率均<10%,属于轻度刺激;质量浓度为1.00 g/L的金花葵花黄酮对鸡胚绒毛尿囊膜无溶血。

矮壮素浸种对木薯苗期生长的影响

为改进木薯种茎的矮壮素浸种技术,设置不浸种、不同浓度矮壮素(0、50 mg/L、100 mg/L、200 mg/L、300 mg/L)浸种、不同浸种时长(6 h、12 h),研究其对袋栽木薯幼苗根、茎、叶的生长及土壤酶活性的影响。结果表明,与不浸种比较,100~200 mg/L浸种6 h和12 h显著增粗茎径;200 mg/L浸种6 h、50 mg/L浸种12 h均显著提高总根长,并增粗细根根径。其中,总根长增幅分别达22.69%~31.33%、27.38%~36.86%,细根根径增幅分别达10.53%~20.29%、17.11%~20.29%;100~200 mg/L浸种6 h和50~100 mg/L浸种12 h显著提高茎叶干重和膨大根干重;50~200 mg/L浸种6 h显著提高细根干重32.77%~76.76%,50~100 mg/L浸种12 h显著提高细根干重25.54%~71.83%;100~200 mg/L浸种6 h和50~100 mg/L浸种12 h显著提高薯干淀粉含量;100~200 mg/L浸种6 h和50~100 mg/L浸种12 h有效提高土壤脲酶活性,100~200 mg/L浸种6 h和12 h均提高土壤酸性磷酸酶活性。50~200 mg/L矮壮素溶液浸泡木薯种茎6 h,能较好促进木薯苗的根、茎、叶生长,并提高土壤的脲酶和酸性磷酸酶活性。

黄葵胶囊通过Wnt/β-catenin通路保护IgA肾病大鼠的机制研究

目的探讨黄葵胶囊对IgA肾病大鼠保护作用的分子机制。方法采用血清白蛋白灌胃+四氯化碳皮下注射+脂多糖尾静脉注射建立IgA肾病模型。将健康雌性大鼠随机分为对照组(A组)、IgA肾病模型组(B组)、黄葵胶囊治疗组(C组)以及IgA肾病黄葵胶囊治疗组(D组)。C组和D组予黄葵胶囊灌胃。4周后收集大鼠血清、尿液和肾脏组织样本。观察肾脏病理变化;检测Wnt/β-catenin信号通路β-连环蛋白(β-catenin)、α平滑肌肌动蛋白(α-SMA)的相对mRNA表达;检测β-catenin和α-SMA的蛋白表达;检测24 h尿蛋白、血肌酐、血尿素氮的含量。结果24 h尿蛋白、血肌酐、血尿素氮肾脏损害指标、肾脏组织损害、β-catenin及α-SMA mRNA表达水平、β-catenin及α-SMA蛋白表达水平,与A组相比,C组均无明显差异,B组和D组均明显升高,差异具有统计学意义(P<0.05);与B组相比,D组明显降低,差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论黄葵胶囊对健康大鼠无明显肾脏保护作用,可以减轻IgA肾病大鼠的肾损害,降低Wnt/β-catenin通路表达,可能与其抑制Wnt/β-catenin信号通路活化有关。

木薯NHX基因家族鉴定及特征分析

【目的】鉴定木薯NHX基因家族成员并分析特征,为研究木薯耐盐新种质和挖掘木薯抗逆特性基因具有重要意义。【方法】基于全基因组水平上对木薯NHX基因家族进行鉴定,对其系统进化树、蛋白理化性质、保守结构、保守基序、共线性、蛋白互作等进行分析。【结果】在木薯中共鉴定到9条MeNHX基因(MeNHX1~MeNHX9),分为3个亚族,且不均匀地分布在7条染色体上,其中,染色体Chr03和Chr15中均包含2条MeNHX基因,染色体Chr01、Chr08、Chr09、Chr10和Chr17均只有1条MeNHX基因。MeNHX蛋白有520~1 157个氨基酸,其相对分子质量为58.09~128.21 kDa,理论等电点为5.63~9.11;为两性蛋白,不稳定系数为34.60~41.34;为疏水性蛋白,其GRAVY为0.094~0.595。9条MeNHX基因均含有典型的Na^(+)/H^(+)保守结构域,木薯NHX存在多个共线性区块,进化压力Ka/Ks值均小于1,主要受纯化选择作用;含有光响应、生物胁迫及非生物胁迫作用相关元件MeNHX基因同多条离子通道基因存在蛋白互作关系。【结论】MeNHX基因在木薯受到光、生物胁迫和非生物胁迫时参与生长发育过程,以适应其环境变化。

木薯FER基因家族的全基因组鉴定和表达分析

植物铁蛋白(Ferritin, FER)既能存储铁,又能响应各种非生物胁迫。该研究基于全基因组水平对木薯(Manihot esculenta)的FER基因家族进行分析,结果表明,从木薯中共鉴定到4个FER基因,根据系统发育树将木薯FER基因划分为2支,所有成员均包含Euk_Ferritin的功能结构域并位于叶绿体内。木薯FERs基因位于LG7~LG10染色体上;基因共线性分析表明,共有3对潜在的复制基因对,无串联重复事件;Ka/Ks值表明,MeFER同源基因经过了纯化选择;该家族含有响应激素和胁迫诱导的顺式作用元件;q RT-PCR分析表明,MeFER基因的表达具有组织特异性,MeFER4基因响应多种胁迫,且在干旱胁迫下响应最为显著。该研究为木薯FER基因家族的功能研究奠定了基础。

金花葵中黄酮的提取及纯化研究进展

金花葵中的黄酮作为一种抗氧化剂,能够清除人体内自由基,还有改善人体血液循环、抑菌消炎、保护心血管等功能。本文就国内外金花葵中黄酮的提取、纯化技术及相关路线、天然植物中的黄酮发展动态及前沿进展进行了综述,以期为探索高效提取及纯化金花葵中黄酮的方法提供依据。

黄蜀葵枯萎病病原菌鉴定、生物学特性及其对几种杀菌剂的敏感性测定

为明确黄蜀葵枯萎病的病原菌种类,本研究利用形态学和分子生物学方法对病原菌进行鉴定和柯赫氏法则验证,并探究其生物学特性和对杀菌剂的敏感性。结果表明,分离得到的致病病原菌为木贼镰孢菌(Fusarium equiseti)。病原菌生长最适温度范围为25~30℃,致死条件为57℃处理10 min。在碱性和光照条件下,最佳碳源为葡萄糖和蔗糖,最佳氮源为牛肉浸膏;在pH值为5和光照交替条件下,最适产孢的碳源为山梨醇,氮源为蛋白胨。杀菌剂敏感性分析结果表明,咪鲜胺、多菌灵、苯醚甲环唑、吡唑醚菌酯和甲基硫菌灵对菌丝生长均有抑制作用,其中抑制效果最好的杀菌剂是咪鲜胺,EC_(50)为0.0712 mg·L^(-1)。本研究结果为黄蜀葵枯萎病的防治提供了理论依据。

金花葵的主要研究简述

金花葵有着悠久的历史和神秘的起源,曾是中国特有的濒危植物。通过查阅本草专著及国内外文献,对金花葵的栽培育种现状、主要活性成分、药理作用、应用价值等方面进行归纳总结。结果表明金花葵目前在全国多地成功引种栽培,因其体内富含黄酮类化合物、多糖、微量元素等多种活性物质,具有降脂、抗炎、抗氧化等多重功效。除观赏药用外亦常作茶饮、精油、食品等,金花葵研究较晚,发展前景十分广阔。

基于太赫兹光谱及1DCNN-BiLSTM的黄蜀葵花金丝桃苷含量预测

太赫兹(THz)光谱具有信噪比高、光子能量低、穿透性强、安全和快速等优点,已广泛应用于食药检测.现有基于HPLC等方法的黄蜀葵花金丝桃苷含量检测耗时长、操作复杂.提出一种基于太赫兹光谱及1DCNN-BiLSTM的黄蜀葵花金丝桃苷含量预测方法:首先采集黄蜀葵花的太赫兹时域谱,并通过傅里叶等变换获取其7种光谱数据;然后利用主成分分析(PCA)对7种光谱数据降维,以获得维数一致的7元样本数据;接着将降维对齐后的7元样本数据输入设计好的1DCNN-BiLSTM网络,以获得金丝桃苷含量预测.与1DCNN、BiLSTM的对比实验结果表明,1DCNN-BiLSTM网络具有较高的预测精度,10次随机实验的平均决定系数达0.970 5.

金花葵花多糖对LPS诱导致炎小鼠的抗炎作用

研究旨在探究金花葵花多糖对炎症模型小鼠抗炎效果。将54只昆明小鼠分为空白对照(CK)组(0.9%NaCl)、脂多糖(LPS)模型组(0.01 mg/g LPS)、地塞米松(Dex)组(0.01 mg/g地塞米松)、L组(0.2 mg/g金花葵花多糖)、M组(0.4 mg/g金花葵花多糖)和H组(0.6 mg/g金花葵花多糖),每组9个重复,每个重复1只小鼠。连续灌胃3 d,除CK组外,其余各组均给予0.01 mg/g LPS腹腔注射,12 h后处死小鼠。结果表明,与Dex组相比,3个金花葵花多糖组小鼠肝脏系数和脾脏系数均具有显著差异(P<0.05)。与LPS组相比,M组NO释放量增加(P<0.05)。H组淋巴细胞活力和巨噬细胞吞噬率均高于LPS组(P<0.05)。M组和H组小鼠肝脏白细胞介素-6(IL-6)与肿瘤坏死因子-α(TNF-α)的表达量均低于LPS组(P<0.05)。研究表明,适宜剂量的金花葵花多糖对LPS致炎小鼠具有一定的抗炎效果,具有提高机体免疫的功效。

超声辅助乙醇提取富硒金花葵花朵中的硒及抗氧化活性分析

为促进优质天然富硒植物资源的科学开发利用,本文选取富硒金花葵为研究对象,采用氢化物发生-原子荧光光谱法(Hydride Generation-Atomic Fluorescence Spectrometry,HG-AFS)检测不同植物器官样品中的硒含量,超声波辅助乙醇提取金花葵花朵中的含硒有机活性组分并使用响应面法优化获得最佳提取工艺,同时对含硒提取物开展抗氧化活性研究。结果显示,金花葵各器官中硒含量从高到低依次为叶、果、花、根和茎,分别为21.99、14.29、12.93、10.90和10.23 mg/kg。响应面优化结果表明,含硒有机活性成分最佳提取参数为提取温度40℃、固液比1:60、提取时间40 min、超声功率350 W、乙醇浓度50%(V/V)和提取次数1次。在最佳提取参数下,硒的提取率为35.65%±0.65%。DPPH抗氧化活性测定结果显示,含硒有机活性成分的半抑制浓度(IC_(50))为0.048 mg/mL(硒元素浓度为0.79μg/mL),羟基自由基清除实验显示样品浓度为8 mg/mL时达到最大清除率97%,IC_(50)为0.56 mg/mL,还原力实验表明样品的还原能力随样品浓度的增大而增强。证明金花葵的含硒乙醇提取物具有良好的抗氧化能力。本研究可以为合理利用富硒金花葵和研发加工富硒农副作物提供一些理论依据。

黄葵素通过核因子κB信号改善老年糖尿病大鼠心肌缺血再灌注的研究

目的:探讨黄葵素对糖尿病心肌缺血再灌注老年大鼠的影响及其作用机制。方法:将老年大鼠按照简单随机法分为假手术组(只穿线不结扎)、模型组(构建糖尿病心肌缺血再灌注模型)、黄葵素低剂量组(75 mg/kg的黄葵素)、黄葵素高剂量组(150 mg/kg的黄葵素)、抑制剂组(10 mg/kg的核因子κB抑制剂BAY11-7082),高剂量+抑制剂组(150 mg/kg的黄葵素+10 mg/kg BAY11-7082)。观察比较大鼠心功能指标、心肌梗死面积、血清指标含量、心肌细胞凋亡率、心肌组织相关蛋白表达。结果:与模型组比较,黄葵素低剂量、黄葵素高剂量组、抑制剂组、高剂量+抑制剂组大鼠心肌梗死面积、心肌肌钙蛋白T(cTnT)、肌酸激酶同工酶(CK-MB)、乳酸脱氢酶(LDH)、丙二醛(MDA)、原位末端转移酶标记法(Tunel)阳性细胞率、磷酸化核因子κB(p-NF-κB p65)、裂解胱天蛋白酶-3(Cl-caspase-3)、Bcl-2相关X蛋白(Bax)水平均显著降低(均P<0.05),左室射血分数(LVEF)、核因子κB抑制蛋白(IκBα)、B淋巴细胞瘤-2基因(Bcl-2)水平均显著升高(均P<0.05);与高剂量组比较,高剂量+抑制剂组大鼠心肌梗死面积、cTnT、CK-MB、LDH、MDA、Tunel阳性细胞率、p-NF-κB p65、Cl-caspase-3、Bax水平均显著降低(均P<0.05),LVEF、IκBα、Bcl-2水平均显著升高(均P<0.05)。结论:黄葵素可能通过调节核因子κB信号抑制心肌细胞凋亡、氧化应激改善糖尿病心肌缺血再灌注老年大鼠心功能。

黄蜀葵花总黄酮介导AKT1信号通路拮抗HepG-2细胞脂质沉积研究

目的:探讨黄蜀葵花总黄酮(TFA)对棕榈酸(PA)诱导HepG-2细胞脂质沉积模型的干预效应及机制。方法:体外培养人肝源HepG-2细胞,应用PA处理以构建细胞脂质沉积模型,然后从黄蜀葵花中提取TFA,以TFA或蛋白激酶B(AKT)抑制剂作为干预剂,对PA诱导的细胞脂质沉积模型进行预处理,应用油红O染色、酶联免疫吸附实验和免疫印迹实验(Western blotting)检测细胞脂质代谢、AKT1和脂联素(APN)信号通路蛋白表达水平。结果:与PA模型组比较,TFA或AKT抑制剂干预后,细胞脂质沉积程度(%)、游离脂肪酸(FFAs)和甘油三酯(TG)水平降低,而APN水平升高(P<0.05)。Western blotting实验显示PA模型组AKT1和固醇调节元件结合蛋白1(SREBP-1)表达水平上调而APN和糖原合成酶激酶3β(GSK3β)水平下调(P<0.05)。与PA模型组比较,TFA或AKT抑制剂干预显示AKT1下调而APN水平上调,其下游信号GSK3β表达上调而SREBP-1表达下调(P<0.05)。结论:TFA拮抗PA诱导的HepG-2细胞脂质沉积可能与其介导AKT1抑制及APN信号通路激活有关。

Total flavone of Abelmoschus manihot suppresses epithelial-mesenchymal transition via interfering transforming growth factor-β1 signaling in Crohn's disease intestinal fibrosis

AIM To explore the role and mechanism of total flavone of Abelmoschus manihot(TFA) on epithelial-mesenchymal transition(EMT) progress of Crohn's disease(CD) intestinal fibrosis.METHODS First,CCK-8 assay was performed to assess TFA on the viability of intestinal epithelial(IEC-6) cells and select the optimal concentrations of TFA for our further studies.Then cell morphology,wound healing and transwell assays were performed to examine the effect of TFA on morphology,migration and invasion of IEC-6 cells treated with TGF-β1.In addition,immunofluorescence,real-time PCR analysis(q RT-PCR) and western blotting assays were carried out to detect the impact of TFA on EMT progress.Moreover,western blotting assay was performed to evaluate the function of TFA on the Smad and MAPK signaling pathways.Further,the role of co-treatment of TFA and si-Smad or MAPK inhibitors has been examined by q RTPCR,western blotting,morphology,wound healing andtranswell assays.RESULTS In this study,TFA promoted transforming growth factor-β1(TGF-β1)-induced(IEC-6) morphological change,migration and invasion,and increased the expression of epithelial markers and reduced the levels of mesenchymal markers,along with the inactivation of Smad and MAPK signaling pathways.Moreover,we revealed that si-Smad and MAPK inhibitors effectively attenuated TGF-β1-induced EMT in IEC-6 cells.Importantly,co-treatment of TFA and si-Smad or MAPK inhibitors had better inhibitory effects on TGF-β1-induced EMT in IEC-6 cells than either one of them.CONCLUSION These findings could provide new insight into the molecular mechanisms of TFA on TGF-β1-induced EMT in IEC-6 cells and TFA is expected to advance as a new therapy to treat CD intestinal fibrosis.

Effects of Total Flavone of Abelmoschl Manihot L.Medic on the Function of Platelets and Its Mechanism

Objective: To study the effects of total flavone of Abelmoschl Manihot L.Medic (TFA) on the function of platelets and to explore its mechanism. Methods: Rat models of artery-veins bypassing thrombus formation were used. The platelets of rabbits were collected. Platelet aggregation was induced by collagen and intracellular calcium ion concentration ([Ca 2+ ]i) was assayed by Fura-2 method. Results: TFA (25, 50, 100 mg/kg) significantly and dose-dependently reduced the weight of thrombus. TFA (0.025, 0.05, 0.1 mg/ml) possessed dose-dependant inhibitory effects on rabbits' platelet aggregation induced by collagen. TFA significantly reduced the resting and CaCl 2-induced increase of free intracellular calcium concentration ([Ca 2+ ]i) in rabbit platelet in vitro . Conclusion: TFA has an antiplatelet effect via the inhibition on the influx of Ca 2+ .

黄蜀葵花总黄酮抗氧化及抗抑郁作用研究

对黄蜀葵花总黄酮抗氧化和抗抑郁作用进行研究。采用小鼠强迫游泳实验(FST)、悬尾实验(TST)、旷场实验(OFT)作为行为学实验模型考察黄蜀葵花总黄酮的抗抑郁作用;利用试剂盒检测小鼠血清中超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)活力、丙二醛(MDA)的含量考察黄蜀葵花总黄酮体内抗氧化作用;采用高效液相色谱法测定小鼠血清中色氨酸(Trp)、犬尿氨酸(Kyn)的含量及比值。结果表明:与普通组相比,黄蜀葵花总黄酮各组有效缩短了小鼠TST、FST的静止时间;黄蜀葵花总黄酮高剂量组(200 mg/kg)能有效降低小鼠血清中MDA质量含量,改善小鼠血清中SOD活力,提高小鼠血清中Trp/Kyn的比值。黄蜀葵花黄酮具有抗抑郁作用,其作用机制可能与黄酮的抗氧化作用、色氨酸与犬尿氨酸的代谢途径有关。

Microscopic Characteristics, Chromatographic Profiles and Inhibition of Peroxidase Activity of the Leaves of <i>Manihot esculenta</i>and <i>Manihot glaziovii</i>, Consumed as Traditional Vegetables

Methanolic extracts from the leaves of Manihot esculenta (Two cultivars) and Manihot glaziovii, consumed as traditional vegetables in DR. Congo was chemically characterized by Thin layer Chromatography and High Performance Liquid Chromatography. In vitro biochemical activities of extracts against Radical Oxidative Species (ROS) production were assessed in cellular models, on enzymes, Myeloperoxidase (MPO) and Horseradish Peroxidase (HRP) involved in inflammation. The microscopic analysis of the powder of leaves showed that each species displays specific and discriminating botanical microscopic features. Varieties of M. esculenta had a chemical fingerprint different from M. glaziovii. The majority of compounds were polyphenols, represented mainly by rutin, kaempferol-3-O-rutinoside, amentoflavone, phenolic acids such as gallic acid. All extracts exhibited high cellular antioxidant activity in the range of 0.1 to 10 μg·mL-1 using lucigenin with neutrophils, but a moderate cellular antioxidant activity ranging between 10 and 100 μg·mL-1 with DCFDA on HL60 monocytes. Extracts from Manihot leaves showed a pronounced inhibitory effect on the production of extracellular ROS, on HRP and myeloperoxidase activity. Cellular antioxidant activities, the inhibitory effect on HRP of extracts from M. glaziovii, M. esculenta cultivar Mwambu were significantly higher, but their inhibitory effect on the activity of MPO was lower than those of M. esculenta cultivar TEM 419. The biological activities of Manihot esculenta and Manihot glaziovii were well correlated to their phytochemicals that could justify their traditional use as vegetables, potential functional foods or nutraceutical resources and medicines.

金花葵多糖提取工艺优化及结构表征和抗氧化性研究

优化金花葵干花苞中多糖的提取工艺,并对其结构和抗氧化活性进行研究。本研究在单因素实验的基础上,通过正交试验优化水提醇沉法提取多糖的工艺,利用高效液相色谱(HPLC)法分析多糖的单糖组成,应用傅里叶红外光谱(FTIR)法和扫描电镜(SEM)观察对多糖官能团和外貌进行分析,并检测了多糖清除自由基的能力和还原力。结果表明,金花葵的干花苞多糖最佳提取工艺为:提取温度100℃、提取时间3 h和料液比1:50 g/mL。在此工艺条件下,多糖得率为17.23%±0.19%,多糖含量为27.87%±0.60%。其单糖组成及摩尔比为阿拉伯糖:半乳糖:鼠李糖:甘露糖:葡萄糖=0.97:1:0.23:0.05:0.43。表面呈不规则片状,并且证明具有糖醛酸、吡喃糖环官能团。此外,提取的多糖具有一定的清除DPPH自由基、ABTS^(+)自由基能力,对自由基半数抑制对应浓度(IC_(50))分别为1.22、4.43 mg/mL,表明具有良好的抗氧化活性。研究结果为金花葵花苞中多糖的化学结构解析和功能研究提供了研究基础与理论依据。