Authors designed an obstacle radar transceiver for ISM band. This work is focused on rectangular microstrip transceiver integrated with innovative metamaterial structure at a height of 3.276 mm from the ground plane. ...Authors designed an obstacle radar transceiver for ISM band. This work is focused on rectangular microstrip transceiver integrated with innovative metamaterial structure at a height of 3.276 mm from the ground plane. Two rectangular microstrip transceiver is designed for transmitting and receiving purpose. This work is mainly focused on increasing the potential parameters of rectangular microstrip transceiver. RMT along with the proposed innovative metamaterial structure is designed to resonate at 2.259 GHz. Simulation results showed that the impedance bandwidth of the RMT is improved by 575%, return loss is reduced by 391% and efficiency is improved by 28% by incorporating the proposed innovative metamaterial structure. For verifying that the proposed innovative metamaterial structure possesses negative values of Permeability and Permittivity within the operating frequency range, Nicolson-Ross-Weir method (NRW) has been employed. An op-amp and comparator is used to compare the return loss of transmitting and receiving RMT. An indicator is used to indicate difference of return loss and power of transmitting and receiving rectangular microstrip transceiver. For all simulation purpose, computer simulation technology-microwave studio (CST-MWS) software has been used.展开更多
This study utilizes multiple regression analysis and the technique for computing economies of scale to evaluate the dynamics of NRW in the AER of GWCL. Data on monthly total production, billed consumption, total reven...This study utilizes multiple regression analysis and the technique for computing economies of scale to evaluate the dynamics of NRW in the AER of GWCL. Data on monthly total production, billed consumption, total revenue, total production cost and the volume of NRW spanning the period January 2015 to June 2019, was obtained from the headquarters of AER and used for the analysis. The study showed that NRW averaged 59.3% for the period under consideration, which far exceeds the 25% threshold set by the World Bank for developing economies. It was also established that a fairly inelastic relationship exists between NRW and total revenue. Results further show that resources are not optimally used in the AER as proof of diseconomies of scale was observed.展开更多
文摘Authors designed an obstacle radar transceiver for ISM band. This work is focused on rectangular microstrip transceiver integrated with innovative metamaterial structure at a height of 3.276 mm from the ground plane. Two rectangular microstrip transceiver is designed for transmitting and receiving purpose. This work is mainly focused on increasing the potential parameters of rectangular microstrip transceiver. RMT along with the proposed innovative metamaterial structure is designed to resonate at 2.259 GHz. Simulation results showed that the impedance bandwidth of the RMT is improved by 575%, return loss is reduced by 391% and efficiency is improved by 28% by incorporating the proposed innovative metamaterial structure. For verifying that the proposed innovative metamaterial structure possesses negative values of Permeability and Permittivity within the operating frequency range, Nicolson-Ross-Weir method (NRW) has been employed. An op-amp and comparator is used to compare the return loss of transmitting and receiving RMT. An indicator is used to indicate difference of return loss and power of transmitting and receiving rectangular microstrip transceiver. For all simulation purpose, computer simulation technology-microwave studio (CST-MWS) software has been used.
文摘This study utilizes multiple regression analysis and the technique for computing economies of scale to evaluate the dynamics of NRW in the AER of GWCL. Data on monthly total production, billed consumption, total revenue, total production cost and the volume of NRW spanning the period January 2015 to June 2019, was obtained from the headquarters of AER and used for the analysis. The study showed that NRW averaged 59.3% for the period under consideration, which far exceeds the 25% threshold set by the World Bank for developing economies. It was also established that a fairly inelastic relationship exists between NRW and total revenue. Results further show that resources are not optimally used in the AER as proof of diseconomies of scale was observed.
