双峰基面织构对Mg-2.6Nd-0.55Zn-0.5Zr合金弯曲应力及显微组织演变的影响

沿Mg-2.6Nd-0.55Zn-0.5Zr板材挤压方向(ED)和横向(TD)分别切取试样,研究双峰基面织构对其弯曲应力及显微组织演变的影响。结果显示,具有弱基面织构的ED试样比TD试样的弯曲应力低很多。这种各向异性是不同织构状态对变形机制及显微组织演变的作用所导致的。对于具有弱基面织构的ED试样,其主要的变形机制是基面滑移:内侧区域存在少量的{10■2}拉伸孪生,而外侧区域则是基面滑移和柱面滑移。相比之下,具有强基面织构的TD试样在内侧区域激活更多的{10■2}拉伸孪生,在外侧区域激活更多的柱面滑移。{10■2}拉伸孪生的激活一方面促使<0002>//压缩方向类型的织构增加,使内侧区域的织构角度限制在±30°范围内,另一方面减少高位错密度和低角度晶界的出现几率。{10■2}拉伸孪生的大量激活使TD试样保持高应变硬化能力,是该试样具有较高弯曲应力的根本原因。

电弧式快淬炉批量制备高性能(Nd,Zr)-Fe-B合金

采用电弧熔体快淬加后续晶化处理的方法批量制备了钕铁硼合金,研究了Zr、Nd元素含量对钕铁硼合金磁性能的影响。结果表明,添加的Zr原子能进入Nd2Fe14B相的晶格中,部分占据Nd原子的位置,从而提高Nd2Fe14B硬磁相的含量,因此显著提高(Nd,Zr)-Fe-B合金的磁性能。

Precipitation of α_2 Phase in α+β Solution-Treated and Air-cooled Ti-Al-Sn-Zr-Mo-Si-Nd Alloys

A series of Ti-Al-Sn-Zr-Mo-Si-Nd alloys with various content of Al were solution treated in α+β phase field and air-cooled. The precipitation of a2 phase in cooling was investigated by transmission electron microscopic analysis The precipitation characteristic of α2 phase was discussed. The precipitation of α2 phase would proceed by the nucleation and growth of α2 phase dependent on the diffusion of Al atoms. And a comparison on the difference of precipitation of α2 phase was carried out under the conditions of air-cooling and quenching in water. The investigation showed that the air-cooling and even quenching could supply enough time for the precipitation and growth of α2 phase when Al content reached a certain value even though far away from the stoichiometric composition of Ti3Al.

Mechanical properties and microstructure of as-cast and extruded Mg-(Ce, Nd)-Zn-Zr alloys

Studies on the mechanical properties and microstructures of as-cast and extruded Mg-Ce-Zn-Zr and Mg-Nd-Zn-Zr alloys have been made before and after heat treatment. The results show that the mechanical properties of as-cast Mg-Ce and Mg-Nd alloys are as good as those of typical die cast AZ91 alloy and the heat resistant WE43 alloy. In Nd-containing alloys, the precipitated phase Mg_ 12Nd contributes significantly to age hardening. The mechanical properties of extruded alloys are improved obviously compared with those of as-cast alloys. The ultimate strength is 257.8MPa for extruded Mg-Ce alloy and 265.6MPa for extruded Mg-Nd alloy. Extrusion is a useful method to improve both the strengths and elongations of the two experimental alloys at both ambient and elevated temperatures. The grain refinement and precipitation strengthening are the main strengthening mechanisms in the alloys. Tensile fracture surfaces show a dimple pattern after extruding and therefore reflect an improved elongation.

Effect of pre-deformation on aging characteristics and mechanical properties of Mg-Gd-Nd-Zr alloy

The effect of plastic deformation prior to artificial aging on the aging characteristics and mechanical properties of a Mg-11Gd-2Nd-0.5Zr (mass fraction, %) alloy was investigated. After solution treatment at 525 ℃ for 4 h, the alloy was subjected to cold stretching deformation of 0%, 5% and 10%, respectively. The as-deformed specimens possess high density of dislocations and mechanical twins, which increase with elevated deformation. As compared with non-stretched alloy, the stretched alloy shows accelerated age-hardening response and slightly enhanced peak hardness when aged at 200 ℃. Comparison of the microstructures in undeformed and deformed specimens after 200 ℃, 24 h aging reveals that pre-deformation induces the heterogeneous nucleation of precipitations at dislocations and twin boundaries in addition to the homogeneous precipitation in the matrix. Room and high temperature tensile test results show that pre-deformation enhances the strength of the alloy, especially at room temperature, though the ductility declines. The improvement in strength of deformed and aged alloy is attributed to the combined strengthening effect of precipitates, deformation structures and grain boundaries.

Effect of Respective Additions of Ga, Zr and Combined Additions of Co, Ga, Zr on Magnetic Properties of Remanence-enhanced Nd_(8.4) Fe_(87.1) B_(4.5) Alloy

The effect of a partial substitution of Zr, Ga; Co and Ga; Co. Ga and Zr; respectively, for Fe on the structure and magnetic properties of Nd_8.4Fe_87.1B_4.5 alloy prepared by mechanical alloying has been studied in detail. It has been shown that, intrinsic coercivity μ0 H_c and maximum magnetic energy product (BH)_max increase for only Zr or Ga-containing samples, which is mainly due to the refinement of soft grains. The combined addition of Co and Ga is less effective for improving μoH_c and (BH)_max than the respective addition of Co or Ga. which may be due to the formation of CsCl-type CoGa. μoH_c and (BH)_max for combined Co, Ga. Zr-added alloy are higher than those for the combined Co, Ga-added alloy but lower than those for only Zr-containing alloy.

Effect of gadolinium on aged hardening behavior,microstructure and mechanical properties of Mg-Nd-Zn-Zr alloy

Mg-3.4Nd-0.1Zn-0.40Zr alloy samples with and without containing gadolinium(0.6%,mass fraction) were prepared by sand casting.The aged hardening behavior,solidification microstructures and mechanical properties of the alloys were investigated by using the analysis methods of OM,XRD,TEM,hardness tests and mechanical property tests.The main research results are as follows.1) Compared with the alloy without the addition of gadolinium,the alloys with the addition of gadolinium shows the more remarkable age-hardening response.2) The as-cast microstructure of the alloy with and without containing gadolinium consists ofα-Mg grains with Mg_(12)Nd phase on the grain boundary.After solution heat-treatment,Mg_(12)Nd phase of the alloy without containing gadolinium is dissolved in the matrix,however,there is still discontinued Mgl2Nd phase at grain boundary of the alloy with containing gadolinium.The more finely dispersed precipitates in Mg matrix are formed in the alloy with containing gadolinium during age-treatment.3) The room temperature and high temperature mechanical properties of the alloy are satisfactory,withσ_b=280 MPa,σ_(0.2)=165 MPa at RT andσ_b=215 MPa,σ_(0.2)=155 MPa at 250℃.The high temperature mechanical properties decrease slightly with the increase of temperature.

Surface modifications of biometallic commercially pure Ti and Ti–13Nb–13Zr alloy by picosecond Nd:YAG laser

The effects of picosecond Nd:YAG laser irradiation on chemical and morphological surface characteristics of the commercially pure titanium and Ti–13Nb–13Zr alloy in air and argon atmospheres were studied under different laser output energy values.During the interaction of laser irradiation with the investigated materials,a part of the energy was absorbed on the target surface,influencing surface modifications.Laser beam interaction with the target surface resulted in various morphological alterations,resulting in crater formation and the presence of microcracks and hydrodynamic structures.Moreover,different chemical changes were induced on the target materials’surfaces,resulting in the titanium oxide formation in the irradiation-affected area and consequently increasing the irradiation energy absorption.Given the high energy absorption at the site of interaction,the dimensions of the surface damaged area increased.Consequently,surface roughness increased.The appearance of surface oxides also led to the increased material hardness in the surface-modified area.Observed chemical and morphological changes were pronounced after laser irradiation of the Ti–13Nb–13Zr alloy surface.

Aging Behavior of Mg-Y-Zr and Mg-Nd-Zr Cast Alloys

Aging behavior of Mg-3.6Y-0.5Zr and Mg-2.TNd-0.5Zr alloys was investigated by microhardness measurement and transmission electron microscopy.In the case of Mg-Y-Zr alloy,the presence ofβ″phase,a major strength- ener,having base centered orthorhombic structure with its lattice constants of a-（β″）=0.64 nm,b-（β″）=2.22 nm, and c-（β″）=0.52 nm was identified.In the case of Mg-Nd-Zr alloy aged at 250℃,the presence ofβ″andβ′phases was identified.The crystal structure ofβ″phase was found to be DO-（19） and its orientation relationships with Mg matrix were [0001]-（β″）//[0001]-（Mg） and [01（？）0]-（β″）//[01（？）0]-（Mg）.Theβ′phase had face centered cubic structure and its orientation relationships with Mg matrix were [011]-（β′）//[0001]-（Mg） and [（？）1（？）]β′//[（？）110]）-（Mg）. The Mg-2.TNd-0.5Zr alloy showed higher hardness compared with Mg-3.6Y-0.5Zr alloy.

Relationship between heat treatment and corrosion behaviour of Mg-3.0%Nd-0.4%Zr magnesium alloy

The corrosion behaviour of Mg-3.0Nd-0.4Zr (NK30) magnesium alloy was investigated in as-cast (F), solution treated (T4) and peak-aged (T6) conditions in 5% NaCl solution by immersion tests and electrochemical measurements. The results of immersion test show that NK30 alloy exhibits better corrosion resistance in F condition than it does in the other two conditions due to the more compact corrosion film formed on alloy in F condition. The potentiodynamic polarization curves show that the overpotential of cathodic hydrogen evolution reaction on NK30-F is much higher than that on NK30-T4 and NK30-T6. The corrosion potentials of NK30 increase in the following order: F<T4<T6. The results of electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) also confirm that the corrosion film of NK30-F plays a more protective role than that of NK30-T4 and NK30-T6.

Microstructural evolution of rolled Mg-5Zn-3Nd(-Zr) alloy

A mini-type rolling machine was employed for multi-passes rolling of a Mg-5Zn-3Nd(-Zr)(mass fraction,%)wrought alloy.For the sake of providing experimental basis for magnesium alloy rolling process,optical microscopy,SEM and TEM observations were used to study the microstructure evolution of magnesium alloys subjected to different rolling reductions before and after annealing.Investigations show that multi-passes can be achieved for this alloy at ambient temperature,but 330℃,15 min annealing was needed for next pass rolling,and total deformation degree was 66%.With the increase in total deformation degree, rolling streams form and the average grain size decreases gradually.The microstructure after rolling is mainly composed of twining, and multiple twining in parallel distribution is also observed.The average grain size in the as-cast condition is about 50μm and decreases to about 10-20μm after rolling,whereas the twinning spacing is limited to 1-2μm.SAED analysis in the twinning area indicates that twinning takes place at{10 1 1}plane.Complete recrystallization can occur in Mg-5Zn-3Nd(-Zr)alloys with various rolling reductions and after 200℃,120 min or 300℃,10 min annealing.Meanwhile,grain growth is apparent under heat treatment at 300℃.

Microstructures and mechanical properties of Mg-10Ho-0.6Zr-xNd alloys

Mg-10Ho-0.6Zr-xNd (x=0, 1, 3 and 5, mass fraction, %) alloys were prepared by metal mould casting, and the microstructures and mechanical properties were investigated. The results show that the grain size of as-cast alloys reduces and the hardness and strength increase with the increase of Nd content. The alloys are aged followed by solid solution treatment. Mg-10Ho-0.6Zr-3Nd and Mg-10Ho-0.6Zr-5Nd alloys exhibit obvious age hardening response. The hardness value of Mg-10Ho-0.6Zr-5Nd alloy increases from HV104 at as-cast state to HV136 at peak-aged state. The maximum ultimate tensile strength and yield strength of the Mg-10Ho-0.6Zr-5Nd alloy are obtained in at peak-aged state, and the values are 323 MPa, 212 MPa at room temperature, and 258 MPa, 176 MPa at 250 ℃, respectively. The improvement of the tensile strength is mainly attributed to the fine and dispersively distributed plate-shaped β′ metastable phase.

Characteristics of Faigue Crack Initiation in Ti-5Al-4Sn-2Zr-1Mo-0.7Nd-0.25Si Alloy

The characteristics of fatigue crack initiation in Ti-5AI-4Sn-2Zr1Mo-O.7Nd-O.25Si alloy wereStudied. Two modes Of fatigue crack initiation were found. The Nd-rich phase particles displaybetter resistance to fatigue crack initiation than the matrix at lower stress.

Characterization of anodic coating formed on Mg-3Nd-0.2Zn-0.4Zr Mg alloy in alkaline electrolyte

Anodization of rare earth-containing Mg alloy of Mg-3Nd-0.2Zn-0.4Zr(mass fraction,%)(NZ30K) was performed in composite electrolyte containing NaOH,KOH,K_2SiO_3,Na_2SiO_3,NaF,KF etc.The anodic coating was characterized by using X-ray diffraction(XRD),field emission electron scanning mieroscope(FE-SEM) and electron probe microscopic analysis(EPMA).The corrosion resistance of the anodized alloy and the substrate was evaluated in 5%NaCl solution using electrochemical impedance spectroscopy(EIS).The results of XRD show that the anodic coating is mainly composed of MgO.EPMA indicates that magnesium and oxygen are almost uniformly distributed across the coating,and the fluorine content decreases gradually from the interface of coating-substrate to the surface,whereas the distribution of silicon is reverse to that of fluorine.The results of EIS analysis shows that the anodic coating exhibits the superior corrosion resistance for NZ30K alloy.

Mg-Y-Nd-Gd-Zr稀土镁合金热变形行为

通过差热分析、X射线衍射、金相显微镜等手段分析了Mg-Y-Nd-Gd-Zr稀土镁合金的微观组织,结合差热分析结果以及金相显微组织,得出在550℃均匀化热处理6h以上能够使大部分合金元素固溶。采用GLEEBLE-1500热模拟实验机对Mg-Y-Nd-Gd-Zr稀土镁合金在温度为250-450℃、应变速率为0.002-1s-1、最大变形程度为50%的条件下,进行了热压缩实验研究。结果表明：材料流变应力行为和显微组织受到变形温度和变形速率的严重影响,可以用Zener-Hollomon参数的幂指数形式进行描述,计算出变形激活能为223.69kJ.mol-1。合金的峰值流变应力随应变速率的增加而增加,随温度的升高而降低;变形激活能随应变速率的增大而增大。

Mg-Nd-Zn-Zr稀土镁合金的热变形行为

采用GLEEBLE 1500热模拟机对Mg Nd Zn Zr稀土镁合金在温度为250～450℃、应变速率为0.002～0.100s-1、最大变形程度为60%的条件下,进行高温压缩模拟实验研究。分析了实验合金在高温变形时的流变应力和应变速率及变形温度之间的关系,计算了变形激活能和应力指数,并研究了在热压缩过程中组织的变化,为确定该稀土镁合金的挤压温度提供了实验依据。结果表明:合金的峰值流变应力随应变速率的增大而增加,随温度的升高而降低;合金的变形激活能在300～400℃内变化不大,而在400～450℃时增加很大;根据实验分析认为该稀土镁合金挤压温度定在350～400℃左右为宜;在350℃左右顺利挤出的实验合金有很好的力学性能:σb=275.5MPa,δ=13.5%。

Mg-Y-Nd-Zr合金均匀化处理工艺及微观组织的研究

对Mg-Y-Nd-Zr合金铸锭在不同温度和时间下进行均匀化处理,采用金相显微镜、X射线衍射和扫描电镜及能谱分析仪对合金不同状态下的微观组织和成分进行观察分析。结果表明,合金基体中的金属间化合物以灰色条块状的富Y相和黑色颗粒状的富Nd相为主;均匀化处理后,合金中的富Y相基本上能够完全分解并扩散到基体中,合金在530和547℃经过不同时间的处理后,富Nd相的分布状态基本上没有变化;合金中存在的大量高熔点稀土化合物相起到了阻碍晶粒长大的作用;547℃×6h可以作为Mg-Y-Nd-Zr合金制定均匀化处理工艺的参照。

Mg-Y-Nd-Zr合金的高温变形行为与热加工性能

研究了一种Mg-Y-Nd-Zr合金在300—500℃和应变速率为0．001—1s^(-1)条件下的高温变形行为．利用动态材料模型构建了热加工图,结合组织观察结果认为,该合金在450—500℃、应变速率约为0．01s^(-1)条件下发生动态再结晶；而温度高于450℃、应变速率约为0．005s^(-1)时,材料发生晶界开裂；温度低于350℃、应变速率约为0．01s^(-1)时,材料在变形过程中由于机械孪生导致开裂；温度为450℃左右、应变速率高于0．5s^(-1)时,材料在变形过程中发生剪切开裂．

稀土Gd对Mg-Nd-Zn-Zr镁合金组织和性能的影响

以Mg-Nd-Zn-Zr合金为基础,通过调整Nd和Zn的含量进行合金成分优化设计,并在新选择的较优成分点通过加入合金化稀土元素Gd,研究了Gd对Mg-Nd-Zn-Zr镁合金铸造组织和力学性能,尤其对高温力学性能的影响。研究发现,Mg-Nd-Zn-Zr镁合金铸态组织由α-Mg基体和Mg12Nd化合物组成。加入合金化稀土元素Gd后,NG31试验镁合金中没有形成三元相,但铸态组织中枝晶间分布的Mg12Nd化合物变得更加细小均匀。经过固溶处理后,Mg-Nd-Zn-Zr试验镁合金铸态组织中枝晶间以及晶界上的化合物完全溶入基体,而NG31试验镁合金在晶界上还有一些颗粒状的化合物。在时效处理时该化合物会以细小弥散的化合物从α-Mg基体中析出。无论Mg-Nd-Zn-Zr镁合金还是NG31试验镁合金,T6态热处理后都具有优良的室温力学性能,抗拉强度分别达到275MPa和280MPa,屈服强度也分别保持在158MPa和165MPa。随着Nd含量的增加和Zn含量的降低,Mg-Nd-Zn-Zr镁合金的抗拉强度和屈服强度升高,延伸率也随之增加。随着Gd的加入,抗拉强度和屈服强度升高,而延伸率却有所下降。同时,在所有的测试温区内NG31的高温瞬时抗拉强度和屈服强度都高于Mg-Nd-Zn-Zr试验镁合金。NG31试验合金在250℃的抗拉强度仍然保持在215MPa,屈服强度仍能够达到155MPa,甚至还高于200℃时的屈服强度(141MPa)。