随着分布式清洁能源发电技术的发展,传统电力用户逐渐转变为电能产消者,并可采用合作联盟形式参与电力P2P(peer to peer)交易,促进分布式清洁能源就地消纳。该文通过从源端和传输端分别核算碳减排量的方法,构建一类考虑经济效益和环境...随着分布式清洁能源发电技术的发展,传统电力用户逐渐转变为电能产消者,并可采用合作联盟形式参与电力P2P(peer to peer)交易,促进分布式清洁能源就地消纳。该文通过从源端和传输端分别核算碳减排量的方法,构建一类考虑经济效益和环境效益的社会福利函数,研究分布式电能产消者通过合作联盟形式实现社会福利最大化的途径。设计一种依据产消者对联盟社会福利贡献值分配合作剩余的机制,激励产消者合作的积极性以维持联盟的稳定。算例分析表明:相较于P2G(peer-to-grid)交易和非合作P2P交易,产消者以合作联盟方式参与电力P2P交易的社会福利分别提升了62.62%、33.79%。因此,以市场化的方式组建合作联盟参与电力P2P交易并合理分配利益,可挖掘分布式清洁能源就地消纳的潜力,促进能源消费的绿色低碳转型。展开更多
针对微网独立运行时面临运行成本高,受可再生能源出力和多能负荷功率不确定性影响大等问题,提出一种基于混合两阶段鲁棒优化的多微网合作运行方法。首先,为了应对源荷双重不确定性挑战,在传统两阶段鲁棒优化基础上,提出一种基于多场景...针对微网独立运行时面临运行成本高,受可再生能源出力和多能负荷功率不确定性影响大等问题,提出一种基于混合两阶段鲁棒优化的多微网合作运行方法。首先,为了应对源荷双重不确定性挑战,在传统两阶段鲁棒优化基础上,提出一种基于多场景数据的最恶劣概率场景驱动的混合两阶段鲁棒优化方法,并采用可并行计算列与约束生成(column and constraint generation,C&CG)算法来提高求解效率。然后,在建立的多微网点对点分布式能源交易系统框架上,根据纳什谈判理论构造多微网合作成本最小化问题和收益分配问题,并提出一种耦合可并行计算C&CG的交替方向乘子法进行求解。最后,根据各微网不同的贡献率,设计一种基于点对点电能交易贡献度的非对称纳什谈判机制来分配各微网的合作收益。算例结果表明,所提方法能兼顾系统的鲁棒性、经济性和隐私性,并实现每个微网公平合理的收益分配。展开更多
Background: Female Genital Mutilation is still practiced in Ebonyi State in Southeast Nigeria, despite the complications that follows it and government legislation against the practice. Aim: To determine the impact of...Background: Female Genital Mutilation is still practiced in Ebonyi State in Southeast Nigeria, despite the complications that follows it and government legislation against the practice. Aim: To determine the impact of Culture, Beliefs, attitude and Peer Group Influence on the persistence Female Genital Mutilation practice in the State especially in the rural areas. Materials and Methods: Qualitative study that used Focused Group Discussion and In-depth interviews for data collection. Those willing and given consent were recruited into the group discussion according to age, marital status, educational level and their location in the state. In-depth interviews were used with the Stake Holders, Opinion Leaders, Traditional Rulers and the Clergy. Result: A total of 454 participants were recruited from the 13 local government areas of Ebonyi State but only 420 (92.5%) participated. The age ranges of participants were 25 to 35 years for single males and females while the married participants male and female were aged 35 to 70 years. One hundred single females (23.8%) and 94 single males (21.4%) participated while 97 (23.1%) married women and 95 (22.6%) married men participated. Out of the 26 health workers recruited only 22 (5.2%) participated. Four traditional rulers, 4 women leaders, 4 youth leaders and 2 clergy 12 (2.9%) in number had in-depth interviews. All the participants had knowledge of FGM and its practice. Rural health workers are getting more involved. ‘Female Genital Crushing’ is replacing actual cutting. The participants all agreed there is no benefit and the practice should stop. Conclusion: Female Genital Mutilation is secretly practiced and is getting replaced by “Female Genital Crushing” perpetrated by rural health workers as well as mothers, fathers, traditional birth attendants and the peer group playing a major role with low knowledge of the Law against Female genital mutilation.展开更多
This study investigates advice-giving in peer-to-peer comment sections on Chinese social networking sites. The results show that advice, explanation, experience, and assessment are the four most frequent discursive mo...This study investigates advice-giving in peer-to-peer comment sections on Chinese social networking sites. The results show that advice, explanation, experience, and assessment are the four most frequent discursive moves in Chinese advice given by peers on social networking sites. Involvement, mitigation, and face-threatening strategies are also utilized frequently by those peers to give directives and express empathy and solidarity on Chinese online sites, thereby building supportive relationships among them in online communities. The online peer advice-giving in this study is influenced by multiple aspects of the platform, participants, and language use, presenting distinctive characteristics that differ from other studies.展开更多
文摘随着分布式清洁能源发电技术的发展,传统电力用户逐渐转变为电能产消者,并可采用合作联盟形式参与电力P2P(peer to peer)交易,促进分布式清洁能源就地消纳。该文通过从源端和传输端分别核算碳减排量的方法,构建一类考虑经济效益和环境效益的社会福利函数,研究分布式电能产消者通过合作联盟形式实现社会福利最大化的途径。设计一种依据产消者对联盟社会福利贡献值分配合作剩余的机制,激励产消者合作的积极性以维持联盟的稳定。算例分析表明:相较于P2G(peer-to-grid)交易和非合作P2P交易,产消者以合作联盟方式参与电力P2P交易的社会福利分别提升了62.62%、33.79%。因此,以市场化的方式组建合作联盟参与电力P2P交易并合理分配利益,可挖掘分布式清洁能源就地消纳的潜力,促进能源消费的绿色低碳转型。
文摘针对微网独立运行时面临运行成本高,受可再生能源出力和多能负荷功率不确定性影响大等问题,提出一种基于混合两阶段鲁棒优化的多微网合作运行方法。首先,为了应对源荷双重不确定性挑战,在传统两阶段鲁棒优化基础上,提出一种基于多场景数据的最恶劣概率场景驱动的混合两阶段鲁棒优化方法,并采用可并行计算列与约束生成(column and constraint generation,C&CG)算法来提高求解效率。然后,在建立的多微网点对点分布式能源交易系统框架上,根据纳什谈判理论构造多微网合作成本最小化问题和收益分配问题,并提出一种耦合可并行计算C&CG的交替方向乘子法进行求解。最后,根据各微网不同的贡献率,设计一种基于点对点电能交易贡献度的非对称纳什谈判机制来分配各微网的合作收益。算例结果表明,所提方法能兼顾系统的鲁棒性、经济性和隐私性,并实现每个微网公平合理的收益分配。
文摘Background: Female Genital Mutilation is still practiced in Ebonyi State in Southeast Nigeria, despite the complications that follows it and government legislation against the practice. Aim: To determine the impact of Culture, Beliefs, attitude and Peer Group Influence on the persistence Female Genital Mutilation practice in the State especially in the rural areas. Materials and Methods: Qualitative study that used Focused Group Discussion and In-depth interviews for data collection. Those willing and given consent were recruited into the group discussion according to age, marital status, educational level and their location in the state. In-depth interviews were used with the Stake Holders, Opinion Leaders, Traditional Rulers and the Clergy. Result: A total of 454 participants were recruited from the 13 local government areas of Ebonyi State but only 420 (92.5%) participated. The age ranges of participants were 25 to 35 years for single males and females while the married participants male and female were aged 35 to 70 years. One hundred single females (23.8%) and 94 single males (21.4%) participated while 97 (23.1%) married women and 95 (22.6%) married men participated. Out of the 26 health workers recruited only 22 (5.2%) participated. Four traditional rulers, 4 women leaders, 4 youth leaders and 2 clergy 12 (2.9%) in number had in-depth interviews. All the participants had knowledge of FGM and its practice. Rural health workers are getting more involved. ‘Female Genital Crushing’ is replacing actual cutting. The participants all agreed there is no benefit and the practice should stop. Conclusion: Female Genital Mutilation is secretly practiced and is getting replaced by “Female Genital Crushing” perpetrated by rural health workers as well as mothers, fathers, traditional birth attendants and the peer group playing a major role with low knowledge of the Law against Female genital mutilation.
文摘This study investigates advice-giving in peer-to-peer comment sections on Chinese social networking sites. The results show that advice, explanation, experience, and assessment are the four most frequent discursive moves in Chinese advice given by peers on social networking sites. Involvement, mitigation, and face-threatening strategies are also utilized frequently by those peers to give directives and express empathy and solidarity on Chinese online sites, thereby building supportive relationships among them in online communities. The online peer advice-giving in this study is influenced by multiple aspects of the platform, participants, and language use, presenting distinctive characteristics that differ from other studies.
