Aim: The purpose of this case study was to examine the sleep quality of patients receiving noninvasive positive pressure ventilation (NPPV) or nasal high-flow oxygen therapy (NHF) in an intensive care unit and to inve...Aim: The purpose of this case study was to examine the sleep quality of patients receiving noninvasive positive pressure ventilation (NPPV) or nasal high-flow oxygen therapy (NHF) in an intensive care unit and to investigate what types of nursing support are offered to such patients. Methods: We examined one patient each for NPPV and NHF. Polysomnography (PSG), review of the patient charts, and semi-structured interviews were used to collect the data for analysis. Results: Patients treated with NPPV or NHF demonstrated a noticeable reduction in deep sleep, with most of their sleep being shallow. Their sleep patterns varied greatly from those of healthy individuals. These results suggest that, in addition to experiencing extremely fragmented sleep, sleep in these patients was more likely to be interrupted by nursing interventions, such as during auscultation of breath sounds. Furthermore, it was revealed that “anxiety or discomfort that accompanies the mask or air pressure” in patients treated with NPPV and “discomfort that accompanies the nasal cannula or NHF circuit” in patients treated with NHF may be primary causes of disrupted sleep. Our results suggest a need for nursing care aimed at improving sleep quality in patients treated with NPPV or NHF.展开更多
Silicon photonic platforms offer relevance to large markets in many applications,such as optical phased arrays,photonic neural networks,programmable photonic integrated circuits,and quantum computation devices.As one ...Silicon photonic platforms offer relevance to large markets in many applications,such as optical phased arrays,photonic neural networks,programmable photonic integrated circuits,and quantum computation devices.As one of the basic tuning devices,the thermo-optic phase shifter(TOPS)plays an important role in all these applications.A TOPS with the merits of easy fabrication,low power consumption,small thermal time constant,low insertion loss,small footprint,and low crosstalk,is needed to improve the performance and lower the cost of the above applications.To meet these demands,various TOPS have been proposed and experimentally demonstrated on different foundry platforms In this paper,we review the state-of-the-art of TOPS,including metal heater,doped silicon,silicide,with silicon substrate undercut for heat insulation,folded waveguide structure,and multi-pass waveguide structure.We further compare these TOPSs and propose the directions of the future developments on TOPS.展开更多
The visible infrared radiometer(VIRR)is the first instrument with longest measurements equipped on the Fengyun(FY)polar-orbiting satellites.Through re-processing of the historic VIRR measurements,long-term(over 20 yr)...The visible infrared radiometer(VIRR)is the first instrument with longest measurements equipped on the Fengyun(FY)polar-orbiting satellites.Through re-processing of the historic VIRR measurements,long-term(over 20 yr)global data can be integrated from multiple participating VIRRs on a consistent radiometric scale,which are valuable to climate and climate change studies.Due to lack of an onboard calibration system for VIRR,the reflective solar bands must be vicariously calibrated.This study applied the multi-site vicarious approach for consistent calibration of the VIRR visible(VIS)and near-infrared(NIR)data,and produced calibration coefficients for five VIRRs on FY-1 C/D and FY-3 A/B/C.The data quality was then evaluated with observations.The reflectance predicted by using the radiative transfer model over multiple invariant desert and ocean targets was used to derive the calibration slope via a weighted fitting scheme,in which the weights are the inverse of the variance from a radiative transfer simulation evaluated with reference to Aqua moderate resolution imaging spectroradiometer(MODIS).The sensor-specific calibration coefficients were derived on a daily basis by using piecewise polynomials.The calibration reference of the VIRR solar band record was further traced to the Aqua MODIS Collection 6.1 reference calibration with a systematic correction derived from the Libya4 desert.The VIRR record was compared with the Aqua MODIS C6.1 calibration over the polar region based on simultaneous nadir overpass observations.The lifetime relative difference for each sensor are within 3.3%and 4.5%for channels 1 and 2.Invariant deserts were also employed to evaluate the stability and consistency of the VIRR record.In general,the means of the directional and spectral corrected reflectance for each sensor are within 1%of the 20-yr average,implying that the VIRR reflectance of the invariant targets is consistent to within 1%among the sensors for channels 1 and 2.The VIRR data thus derived are reliable.展开更多
文摘Aim: The purpose of this case study was to examine the sleep quality of patients receiving noninvasive positive pressure ventilation (NPPV) or nasal high-flow oxygen therapy (NHF) in an intensive care unit and to investigate what types of nursing support are offered to such patients. Methods: We examined one patient each for NPPV and NHF. Polysomnography (PSG), review of the patient charts, and semi-structured interviews were used to collect the data for analysis. Results: Patients treated with NPPV or NHF demonstrated a noticeable reduction in deep sleep, with most of their sleep being shallow. Their sleep patterns varied greatly from those of healthy individuals. These results suggest that, in addition to experiencing extremely fragmented sleep, sleep in these patients was more likely to be interrupted by nursing interventions, such as during auscultation of breath sounds. Furthermore, it was revealed that “anxiety or discomfort that accompanies the mask or air pressure” in patients treated with NPPV and “discomfort that accompanies the nasal cannula or NHF circuit” in patients treated with NHF may be primary causes of disrupted sleep. Our results suggest a need for nursing care aimed at improving sleep quality in patients treated with NPPV or NHF.
基金This work was supported by Chuan-Yu Cooperation Project(No.Cstc2020jscx-cy1hX0006)Chongqing Science and Technology Commission of China(Grant No.cstc2020jscx-msxm0099 and cstc2020jscx-msxm0100)Chongqing Natural Science Foundation of China(No.cstc2020jcyj-msxm3725).
文摘Silicon photonic platforms offer relevance to large markets in many applications,such as optical phased arrays,photonic neural networks,programmable photonic integrated circuits,and quantum computation devices.As one of the basic tuning devices,the thermo-optic phase shifter(TOPS)plays an important role in all these applications.A TOPS with the merits of easy fabrication,low power consumption,small thermal time constant,low insertion loss,small footprint,and low crosstalk,is needed to improve the performance and lower the cost of the above applications.To meet these demands,various TOPS have been proposed and experimentally demonstrated on different foundry platforms In this paper,we review the state-of-the-art of TOPS,including metal heater,doped silicon,silicide,with silicon substrate undercut for heat insulation,folded waveguide structure,and multi-pass waveguide structure.We further compare these TOPSs and propose the directions of the future developments on TOPS.
基金Supported by the National Key Research and Development Program of China(2018YFB0504905 and 2018YFB0504900)。
文摘The visible infrared radiometer(VIRR)is the first instrument with longest measurements equipped on the Fengyun(FY)polar-orbiting satellites.Through re-processing of the historic VIRR measurements,long-term(over 20 yr)global data can be integrated from multiple participating VIRRs on a consistent radiometric scale,which are valuable to climate and climate change studies.Due to lack of an onboard calibration system for VIRR,the reflective solar bands must be vicariously calibrated.This study applied the multi-site vicarious approach for consistent calibration of the VIRR visible(VIS)and near-infrared(NIR)data,and produced calibration coefficients for five VIRRs on FY-1 C/D and FY-3 A/B/C.The data quality was then evaluated with observations.The reflectance predicted by using the radiative transfer model over multiple invariant desert and ocean targets was used to derive the calibration slope via a weighted fitting scheme,in which the weights are the inverse of the variance from a radiative transfer simulation evaluated with reference to Aqua moderate resolution imaging spectroradiometer(MODIS).The sensor-specific calibration coefficients were derived on a daily basis by using piecewise polynomials.The calibration reference of the VIRR solar band record was further traced to the Aqua MODIS Collection 6.1 reference calibration with a systematic correction derived from the Libya4 desert.The VIRR record was compared with the Aqua MODIS C6.1 calibration over the polar region based on simultaneous nadir overpass observations.The lifetime relative difference for each sensor are within 3.3%and 4.5%for channels 1 and 2.Invariant deserts were also employed to evaluate the stability and consistency of the VIRR record.In general,the means of the directional and spectral corrected reflectance for each sensor are within 1%of the 20-yr average,implying that the VIRR reflectance of the invariant targets is consistent to within 1%among the sensors for channels 1 and 2.The VIRR data thus derived are reliable.
