基于AVX512的格密码高速并行实现

量子计算的迅速发展可能对当前广泛使用的公钥密码算法造成严重威胁。格密码因优秀的抗量子安全性和高效的计算效率在后量子密码中占据重要地位。美国国家标准技术研究院于2022年5月公布4个后量子密码标准,其中3个是格密码算法,Kyber算法便是其中之一。随着后量子密码标准的确定,Kyber算法高效实现的需求日益增加。基于512位高级向量扩展(AVX512),对Kyber算法进行优化与高速并行实现。使用惰性模约减、优化的蒙哥马利模约减及优化的快速数论变化等技术,充分利用计算机的存储空间,减少大量不必要的模约减操作,提高多项式计算的效率与并行性。采用冗余比特技术,增强多项式抽样过程中比特的并行处理能力。通过AVX512的512 bit位宽和8路并行实现哈希运算,并对其产生的伪随机比特串进行合理调度,充分发挥并行性能。基于AVX512指令集高速并行实现Kyber上的多项式计算和抽样,并进一步实现整个Kyber公钥加密方案。性能测试结果表明,与C语言实现相比,基于AVX512实现的密钥生成和加密算法获得了10~16倍的加速,解密算法获得了约56倍的加速。

非比例阻尼线性体系地震响应的部分平方组合(CPQC)法

对于非比例阻尼线性系统,当采用基于复振型的地震反应谱振型叠加方法,即复振型完全平方组合(CCQC)方法进行动力反应分析时计算工作量较大。为此,通过分析不同振型之间的位移、速度、位移-速度相关系数随频率比和阻尼比的变化规律,给出了复振型平方和开方(CSRSS)组合方法的适用范围。同时通过分析指出在CCQC法中只需要考虑邻近振型的相关性,因此建议了一种介于CCQC法和CSRSS法之间的考虑部分相关性的复振型平方组合方法,称之为简化的CCQC法或复振型部分平方组合(CPQC)方法,用以提高计算效率。通过实例分析验证了所建议方法的适用范围、计算精度和效率。由于比例阻尼系统的地震反应谱振型组合方法是文中所述一般方法的特殊情况,因此本文提出的简化分析方法对比例阻尼系统也同样是适用的,并可以称为部分平方组合(PQC)方法。

Love wave propagation in one-dimensional piezoelectric quasicrystal multilayered nanoplates with surface effects

The exact solutions for the propagation of Love waves in one-dimensional(1D)hexagonal piezoelectric quasicrystal(PQC)nanoplates with surface effects are derived.An electro-elastic model is developed to investigate the anti-plane strain problem of Love wave propagation.By introducing three shape functions,the wave equations and electric balance equations are decoupled into three uncorrelated problems.Satisfying the boundary conditions of the top surface on the covering layer,the interlayer interface,and the matrix,a dispersive equation with the influence of multi-physical field coupling is provided.A surface PQC model is developed to investigate the surface effects on the propagation behaviors of Love waves in quasicrystal(QC)multilayered structures with nanoscale thicknesses.A novel dispersion relation for the PQC structure is derived in an explicit closed form according to the non-classical mechanical and electric boundary conditions.Numerical examples are given to reveal the effects of the boundary conditions,stacking sequence,characteristic scale,and phason fluctuation characteristics on the dispersion curves of Love waves propagating in PQC nanoplates with surface effects.

SMG图像质量控制(PQC)体系建设的思考与实践

SMG技术管理部自2015年起启动电视节目制作图像质量控制(Production Quality Control,简称PQC)机制建设,在既有技术质量管理体系的基础上,以视觉为切入,将主、客观评价体系有机结合,精益化分析各工种间的影响要素,逐步梳理工作界面,优化机制和流程,以期实现对图像技术质量及视觉呈现效果整体化、系统化的集成管理。本文简要阐述了SMG-PQC机制建设的总体现状、规划思路与主要举措,并结合中超及国足赛事电视转播中应用的SMG足球转播PQC机制进行实例详解。

基于足球赛事现场PQC方式的画面控制——2016中超联赛PQC运营的思考

制作质量管理(Production Quality Control,简称PQC),是在既有技术质量管理体系的基础上,以视觉为切入,将主、客观评价体系有机结合,精益化分析各工种间的影响要素,逐步梳理工作界面、优化机制和流程的对于节目质量合理控制的机构。本文简要阐述了SMG作为中超联赛PQC建设和运营的总体现状、规划思路与主要举措,并结合具体比赛效果对具体的内容进行详细的阐述。

一种针对格基后量子密码的能量侧信道分析框架

为应对量子计算对传统公钥密码的安全威胁,后量子密码(PQC)已逐渐成为新一代密码技术。虽然后量子密码通过数学理论保证了算法的安全性,但在密码实现运算过程中易发生侧信道信息泄漏。该文提出一种针对格基PQC的能量侧信道分析攻击框架,利用秘密多项式系数与能耗之间的关系创建侧信道攻击模板,实现了对Kyber算法的侧信道攻击。该文还首次提出一种高阶选择密文攻击方法,成功实现了对Kyber算法的能量侧信道分析,与现有工作相比该方法恢复Kyber512和Kyber768的密钥所需密文条数分别降低了58.48%和47.5%。实验结果表明了该文构建的能量侧信道分析框架的可行性,验证了高阶选择密文攻击方法的有效性,可为后续PQC算法实现侧信道安全风险评估提供方法与工具支撑。

如何正确和安全地开展后量子密码算法的相关实现

后量子密码(PQC)算法的提出源于非对称密码的新需求.其主要包括密钥交换、非对称加密和数字签名.后量子密码算法的加密计算环节,需要同时抵御传统计算机以及量子计算机的破解和攻击.然而,PQC算法本身仍然需要进行一些基于常规数学函数的软件或者硬件实现.因此,通常的基于实现层面的攻击仍然有效.PQC算法的一些功能,例如有限域的取模、求逆、非均匀随机数采样以及解码算法等,已经采用了“常数时间”等相关防御实现,对其开展评估具有很大的难度.本文主要列举了PQC在实现过程中可能面临的挑战,特别是与旁路分析相关的泄漏,并进行更加深入的检测和研究.首先,我们详细说明了对条件控制语句以及条件访问数据结构中存在的旁路泄漏的探测与预防方法.其次,在操作数据被分成若干块(即掩码防御方法)的条件下,传统的纵向泄漏检测方法并不适用,但是我们的前述方法却可以适用于数据旁路的泄漏检测.本文反映出PQC算法的安全实现仍然需要安全评估以及安全编码等相关的知识.本文主要介绍了一种通用的检测方法,应对多种PQC算法存在不同算法类型、不同数学类型及其不同参数配置的复杂问题,并旨在给读者提供关于安全代码实现评估和设计的全面介绍.

Green's functions of two-dimensional piezoelectric quasicrystal in half-space and bimaterials

In this paper,we obtain Green’s functions of two-dimensional(2D)piezoelectric quasicrystal(PQC)in half-space and bimaterials.Based on the elastic theory of QCs,the Stroh formalism is used to derive the general solutions of displacements and stresses.Then,we obtain the analytical solutions of half-space and bimaterial Green’s functions.Besides,the interfacial Green’s function for bimaterials is also obtained in the analytical form.Before numerical studies,a comparative study is carried out to validate the present solutions.Typical numerical examples are performed to investigate the effects of multi-physics loadings such as the line force,the line dislocation,the line charge,and the phason line force.As a result,the coupling effect among the phonon field,the phason field,and the electric field is prominent,and the butterfly-shaped contours are characteristic in 2D PQCs.In addition,the changes of material parameters cause variations in physical quantities to a certain degree.

Portable and Efficient Implementation of CRYSTALS-Kyber Based on WebAssembly

With the rapid development of quantum computers capable of realizing Shor’s algorithm,existing public key-based algorithms face a significant security risk.Crystals-Kyber has been selected as the only key encapsulation mechanism(KEM)algorithm in the National Institute of Standards and Technology(NIST)Post-Quantum Cryptography(PQC)competition.In this study,we present a portable and efficient implementation of a Crystals-Kyber post-quantum KEM based on WebAssembly(Wasm),a recently released portable execution framework for high-performance web applications.Until now,most Kyber implementations have been developed with native programming languages such as C and Assembly.Although there are a few previous Kyber implementations based on JavaScript for portability,their performance is significantly lower than that of implementations based on native programming languages.Therefore,it is necessary to develop a portable and efficient Kyber implementation to secure web applications in the quantum computing era.Our Kyber software is based on JavaScript and Wasm to provide portability and efficiency while ensuring quantum security.Namely,the overall software is written in JavaScript,and the performance core parts(secure hash algorithm-3-based operations and polynomial multiplication)are written in Wasm.Furthermore,we parallelize the number theoretic transform(NTT)-based polynomial multiplication using single instruction multiple data(SIMD)functionality,which is available in Wasm.The three steps in the NTT-based polynomial multiplication have been parallelized with Wasm SIMD intrinsic functions.Our software outperforms the latest reference implementation of Kyber developed in JavaScript by×4.02(resp.×4.32 and×4.1),×3.42(resp.×3.52 and×3.44),and×3.41(resp.×3.44 and×3.38)in terms of key generation,encapsulation,and decapsulation on Google Chrome(resp.Firefox,and Microsoft Edge).As far as we know,this is the first software implementation of Kyber with Wasm technology in the web environment.

Navigating the Quantum Threat Landscape: Addressing Classical Cybersecurity Challenges

This research paper analyzes the urgent topic of quantum cybersecurity and the current federal quantum-cyber landscape. Quantum-safe implementations within existing and future Internet of Things infrastructure are discussed, along with quantum vulnerabilities in public key infrastructure and symmetric cryptographic algorithms. Other relevant non-encryption-specific areas within cybersecurity are similarly raised. The evolution and expansion of cyberwarfare as well as new developments in cyber defense beyond post-quantum cryptography and quantum key distribution are subsequently explored, with an emphasis on public and private sector awareness and vigilance in maintaining strong security posture.

智能工序质量控制技术研究

人工智能在工序质量控制中的研究与应用有两个重要的方面 :基于统计过程控制的过程诊断分析 ;质量预测控制。文中对其应用过程中存在问题以及将来的发展趋势作了分析和介绍 ,并提出了解决方案和系统模型。

基于量子卷积神经网络的图像识别新模型

为了解决卷积神经网络对内存和时间效率要求越来越高的问题,提出一种面向数字图像分类的新模型,该模型为基于强纠缠参数化线路的量子卷积神经网络。首先对经典图像进行预处理和量子比特编码,提取图像的特征信息,并将其制备为量子态作为量子卷积神经网络模型的输入。通过设计模型量子卷积层、量子池化层、量子全连接层结构,高效提炼主要特征信息,最后对模型输出执行Z基测量,根据期望值完成图像分类。实验数据集为MNIST数据,{0,1}分类和{2,7}分类准确率均达到了100%。对比结果表明,采用平均池化下采样的三层网络结构的QCNN模型具有更高的测试精度。

压电石英晶体传感器及其在生物医学中的应用研究进展

目的就压电石英晶体传感器及其生物医学中的应用研究进展作了综述。方法 查阅资料,汇总分析。结果 从压电石英晶体传感器的基本工作原理、生物敏感膜的制备技术、在生物医学中的应用、存在的问题和展望等各个方面进行了讨论。结论 虽然压电石英晶体传感器仍存在许多不足,但随着认识的不断深入和关键工艺技术瓶颈的不断克服,加上与其他先进的科学技术相结合,它必然广泛地应用到生物医学的各个领域中。

基于资源的QoS路径收集法及在多播中的运用

随着网络中多媒体实时通信量的增加 ,确保多媒体信息的服务质量必不可缺 .在实施QoS时 ,路径选择确保QoS是一个重要环节 .为此提出了一种基于资源的QoS路径收集方法 ,该方法综合考虑了路径中的带宽、时延、抖动等度量参数 ,提高了路径选择的准确度 。

优先队列控制模型参数优化

文献[1]中提出了一种新交换结构模型──优先队列控制（PQC）模型．本文主要讨论如何设定该模型的参数，这是一个二指标的多目标优化问题首先，本文假设两类到达业务分别为两个相互竞争的局中人，进而将这个多目标优化问题转化为一个合作对策问题来求解；然后，运用Kuhn-Tucker条件求出效用空间和Pareto边界，再用一类协商规则解得一组使得全局能具有较好满意程度的理性解；

基于价格配额曲线的售电商投标策略优化

近年来随着中国电力体制的改革,大量售电商参与到电力市场之中。对于部分售电商而言,其可能存在一定的市场影响力,投标行为会对市场出清电价产生影响,进而影响到自身的投标策略。考虑到售电商自身的投标策略对市场出清电价的影响以及出清电价本身的不确定性,文中将市场出清电价分布与价格配额曲线(PQC)相结合,建立了基于PQC的市场出清电价的分布模型,进而建立了售电商在电力市场的投标行为优化模型。同时,研究了不同市场供求关系下对应的出清电价分布情况对售电商投标策略的影响。算例表明,对比不同情况下售电商的最优投标策略,基于PQC的方法可以使售电商更好地适应市场并合理地调整投标策略。

Surface effects on a mode-III reinforced nano-elliptical hole embedded in one-dimensional hexagonal piezoelectric quasicrystals

To effectively reduce the field concentration around a hole or crack,an anti-plane shear problem of a nano-elliptical hole or a nano-crack pasting a reinforcement layer in a one-dimensional(1D)hexagonal piezoelectric quasicrystal(PQC)is investigated subject to remotely mechanical and electrical loadings.The surface effect and dielectric characteristics inside the hole are considered for actuality.By utilizing the technique of conformal mapping and the complex variable method,the phonon stresses,phason stresses,and electric displacements in the matrix and reinforcement layer are exactly derived under both electrically permeable and impermeable boundary conditions.Three size-dependent field intensity factors near the nano-crack tip are further obtained when the nano-elliptical hole is reduced to the nano-crack.Numerical examples are illustrated to show the effects of material properties of the surface layer and reinforced layer,the aspect ratio of the hole,and the thickness of the reinforcing layer on the field concentration of the nano-elliptical hole and the field intensity factors near the nano-crack tip.The results indicate that the properties of the surface layer and reinforcement layer and the electrical boundary conditions have great effects on the field concentration of the nano-hole and nano-crack,which are useful for optimizing and designing the microdevices by PQC nanocomposites in engineering practice.

推行职业资格证书制度的意义及其对高职教育实践性教学的促进

实践性教学是高职教育的显著特征,而职业资格证书制度是检验其实践性教学质量的重要举措和有效手段。对高职学生进行实践能力的培养,对其职业技能进行鉴定并让高职学生获得相应的职业资格证书一直是高职教育的发展方向和趋势。高职院校须充分认识推行职业资格证书制度对培养技术应用型人才的重要性,深化实践性教学改革,不断完善职业资格证书制度,发挥职业资格证书制度对高职教育实践性教学的导向性作用。

Simplifications of CQC method and CCQC method

The response-spectrum mode superposition method is widely used for seismic response analyses of linear systems. In using this method, the complete quadratic combination （CQC） is adopted for classically damped linear systems and the complex complete quadratic combination （CCQC） formula is adopted for non-classically damped linear systems. However, in both cases, the calculation of seismic response analyses is very time consuming. In this paper, the variation of the modal correlation coefficients of displacement, velocity and displacement-velocity with frequency and damping ratios of two modes of interest are studied, Moreover, the calculation errors generated by using CQC and square-root-of-the-sum-of-thesquares （SRSS） methods （or CCQC and CSRSS methods） for different damping combinations are compared. In these analyses, some boundary lines for classically and non-classically damped systems are plotted to distinguish the allowed minimum frequency ratio at given geometric mean of the damping ratios of both modes if their relativity is neglected. Furthermore, the simplified method, which is a special mode quadratic combination method considering only relativity of adjacent modes in CQC method and named simplified CQC or partial quadratic combination （PQC） method for classically damped linear system, is proposed to improve computational efficiency, and the criterion for determination of how many correlated modes should be adopted is proposed. Similarly, the simplified CCQC or complex partial quadratic combination （CPQC） method for the non-classically damped linear system and the corresponding criterion are also deduced. Finally, a numerical example is given to illustrate the applicability, computational accuracy and efficiency of the PQC and CPQC methods.

Effective electroelastic constants for three-phase confocal elliptical cylinder model in piezoelectric quasicrystal composites

A three-phase confocal elliptical cylinder model is proposed to analyze micromechanics of one-dimensional hexagonal piezoelectric quasicrystal （PQC） compos- ites. Exact solutions of the phonon, phason, and electric fields are obtained by using the conformal mapping combined with the Laurent expansion technique when the model is subject to far-field anti-plane mechanical and in-plane electric loadings. The effective elec- troelastic constants of several different composites made up of PQC, quasicrystal （QC）, and piezoelectric （PE） materials are predicted by the generalized self-consistent method. Numerical examples are conducted to show the effects of the volume fraction and the cross-sectional shape of inclusion （or fiber） on the effective electroelastic constants of these composites. Compared with other micromechanical methods, the generalized self- consistent and Mori-Tanaka methods can predict the effective electroelastic constants of the composites consistently.