基于PALM自动检测方法的三峡库区微震活动研究

选用三峡工程水库诱发地震监测系统在库首区布置的24个台站采集的2016~2018年数据,利用PALM微震检测定位方法对三峡库区进行微震检测定位分析。共检测到12 814次地震动事件,约为同时段三峡地震台网目录的4倍,完备震级从ML0.8下降至ML0.3,表明PALM方法可提高台网监测能力。基于构建的更完善的极微震-微震目录,分析库区地震活动空间分布特征。结果表明,巴东地区震源深度较浅,多在5 km以内,主要与岩溶、煤矿塌陷和浅表卸荷等非构造因素有关;秭归地区震源深度较深,多在5~15 km,主要与库区九畹溪和仙女山两条断裂活动有关。

Biodiesel from Palm Vegetable Oil

Energy obtained from a variety of non-renewable sources is considered unsustainable. Various fossil fuels, such as petroleum, coal, and natural gas, are among these sources. The combustion of fossil fuels resulted in the generation of greenhouse gases, which increased the amount of carbon dioxide in the atmosphere. Global warming and ozone layer degradation are the negative consequences. In a country like India, where consumable oils are still imported, it is sense to look at the possibility of using such unpalatable oils in CI engines that aren’t often utilized as cooking oil. Palm oil is a vegetable oil obtained from the monocarp of the oil palm’s crop. The main goal is to provide a low-cost, high-performance alternative to diesel. The possibility of palm oil as a realistic, modest, and effective hotspot for the generation of biodiesel is investigated in this research. The article is focused on the comparison of palm oil and diesel in terms of characteristics.

基于CRISPR/Cas9的PALM基因敲除约氏疟原单克隆虫株的构建

目的:基于CRISPR/Cas9技术构建并鉴定Plasmodium yoelii 17XNL PALM基因敲除单克隆虫株。方法:根据PlasmoDB数据库中的约氏疟原虫P.yoelii 17XNL PALM基因序列信息,设计引物与sgRNA。PCR扩增左、右同源臂,将同源臂和sgRNA与载体pYCm-golden-blue连接,构建用于基因敲除的CRISPR工具质粒pYCm-PALM KO。pYCm-PALM KO CRISPR质粒电转染至P.yoelii 17XNL裂殖体,尾静脉注射感染小鼠,24 h后采血查获疟原虫后,给予小鼠6 mg/mL乙胺嘧啶喂水进行药物压力筛选基因敲除疟原虫。此后每2天鼠尾采血涂片镜检疟原虫,喂药8 d时提取疟原虫基因组DNA进行PCR鉴定,最终经测序确定是否发生PALM基因敲除。将已证实存在PALM基因敲除疟原虫的鼠血采用有限稀释法接种小鼠,8 d后采血镜检疟原虫,PCR鉴定,筛选获取单克隆虫株。将获取的PALM基因敲除的单克隆虫株和P.yoelii 17XNL各接种至6只昆明小鼠体内,每只接种1×105感染疟原虫的红细胞(iRBC)。对感染后的小鼠每2天鼠尾取血制作血涂片,经吉姆萨染色后镜检计算原虫率,记录数据进行统计学分析。结果:PCR扩增出的PALM左右同源臂各600 bp以及sgRNA序列,与载体pYCm-golden-blue连接后成功获得用于电转染的PALM基因敲除的CRISPR质粒。该质粒电转染的疟原虫在小鼠体内经药物压力筛选8 d,用PALM基因内部引物经PCR检测显示PALM基因缺失,用基因组特异性引物经PCR检测出现阳性重组条带,片段长度1246 bp。随后将阳性重组条带切胶测序,测序结果进一步证实PALM基因敲除成功。在获得约氏疟原虫PALM基因敲除株的基础上,通过有限稀释感染12只小鼠,经PCR自2只小鼠血液中扩增出单一PALM基因敲除条带,检测不到野生型疟原虫的残留,获得了2个100%PALM基因敲除的单克隆虫株。PALM基因敲除单克隆株与P.yoelii 17XNL感染小鼠后均出现原虫血症,且2组小鼠原虫率逐日升高。感染后第10天,2组小鼠原虫血症水平差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。结论:成功构建并单克隆化PALM基因敲除的P.yoelii 17XNL虫株,为疟疾遗传减毒红前期活疫苗研发提供准备。

Effects of Incorporating Coconut Cake or Palm Kernel Cake in Piglet Fattening

In C&#244te d’Ivoire, coconut and palm cultivation are very developed. Industrial utilization of these crops fruits is generated some under products that can be used in breeding. The aim of this study was to test the potentialities in the breeding of cattle-cake of coconut and cattle-cake of palm kernel when they are incorporated in diets of piglet fattening. 18 piglets teamed up into three homogenous groups (three males castrate and three females) were used. The control group was fed a diet made with 55% of maize + 10% of bran maize + 25% fish powder + 4% of ash + 3% of salt. The test 1 group called diet ESSAI 1 was fed a mixture of 70% of the control diet and 30% of cattle-cake of coconut. The test 2 group called diet ESSAI 2 was fed with a mixture of 70% of the control diet and 30% of cattle-cake of palm kernel. The analysis made showed that the two cattle-cake are nutritiously rich and their incorporation in diets at degree of 30% of the total diet induced growth performance similar to that obtained with the control diet. Animals of each group were in good health and diets EASSAI 1 and ESSAI 2 were cheaper than the control diet. Then, cattle-cake of coconut and cattle-cake of palm kernel can be recommended as part of the diet of piglet (about 30%) in order to enhance profit with the same growth performance.

Validation of the Methods for Detection the Non-Milk Fat in a Mixture of Milk Fat and Palm Oil

Milk fat contains a variety of nutritive and health-promoting compounds that guard against some disease. In the current system of global competition, when the quality of milk and milk products is not an option but rather a requirement, therefore, determining the purity of milk fat is critical. This study aims to validate analytical methods for detecting palm oil in a mixture of milk fat and palm oil. Methods of this study was involved detection of non-milk fat in fat blinders by determining the saponification value, iodine number, refractive index, butyro refractometer reading, Gas chromatography, Reverse Phase High-performance liquid chromatography, and Fourier transforms Infrared. The results of this study revealed that the saponification value, Iodine number, refractive index, and Butyro Reading could be used to detect the addition of palm oil by a level of 10% - 20% or more to the milk. The level of some fatty acids in the milk as determined by GC, such as myristic acid (C14:0), palmitic acid (C16:0), and stearic acid (C18:0), is correlated well with the level of adding palm oil to milk fat. The determination of cholesterol and β-sito-sterol content by RP-HPLC could be used for the detection of the addition of palm oil to milk fat. The spectrum behavior produced by FTIR spectroscopy in this adulterated sample is almost the same, so this technique could not be used to detect the palm oil in milk fat.

A Review of Main Factors Involved in the Maturation of Oil Palm (Elaeis guineensis Jacq.) Fruit Bunches

The oil palm (Elaeis guineensis Jacq.) is a diploid perennial plant of the Arecaceae family. It is the most important plant cultivated for oil production. To ensure this production, certain optimal conditions are required: temperature, sunshine, rainfall, etc. The oil palm ensures its survival through the fruits borne on bunches located at the axis of the 17th to 20th leaves from the central stem. From pollination to the maturity of a bunch it takes about 4.5 to 6 months. Several events occur during this period: seed enlargement, weight increase, colour change, etc., but also important physiological changes: synthesis of some pigments (anthocyanin), increase in oil content correlated with the decrease in water content, etc. All of these constitute factors that can provide a better understanding of the biology of the seed. The aim of this work was to review some of the important parameters involved in the development and maturation of oil palm fruit bunches. These factors are classified into physiological, biochemical as well as environmental. The physiological parameters are color, appearance of embryo, seed weight and fruit detachment from bunches;Biochemical parameters include water content, oil content, carbohydrate, protein, mineral contents and lipase activity while temperature is the main environmental factor that affects fruit maturation. Thorough research has not yet been done at the different stages of maturation and ripening, thus a deep look into this may open up new avenues for research on early germinated oil palm seed production prior to seed dormancy.

Impact of Progressive Pruning on Leaf Miner (Coelaenomenodera lameensis) Incidence and the Yield of Oil Palm (Elaeis guineensis) —A Case Study of Benso Oil Palm Plantation Plc, Adum Banso Estate, Ghana

The oil palm leaf miner, Coelaenomenodera lameensis, is currently the most destructive pest of oil palm in Ghana and other African oil palm growing countries, causing significant losses in fresh fruit bunch yield. Progressive pruning is an oil palm pruning method in which pruning is done at the same time as fresh fruit bunch harvesting. This study evaluated the impact of progressive pruning on leaf miner population in oil palm and how these two factors (leaf miner and progressive pruning) affect the yield of oil palm at the Benso Oil Palm Plantation Public listed company (BOPP. Plc). Five distinct blocks in the plantation were selected for observations on fronds at various ranks (33, 25, or 17) based on the degree of defoliation by counting the number of pests on leaflets at different phases of insect development. Fronds from selected plots were sampled in a Completely Randomized Design (CRD). The size of plots used for the study ranged between 19 to 45 hectares. A minimum of 78 fronds were evenly cut from each block for pest count depending on the block size. Secondary data on annual yields of fresh fruit bunches before and after the introduction of progressive pruning were also obtained from BOPP. Plc records from 2011-2020. The results from the analyzed data on leaf miner index before and after the introduction of progressive pruning showed that progressive pruning has, to a high extent (64% to 36%), reduced leaf miner populations in the plantation. Paired t-test on fresh fruit bunch yield has also revealed a significant (p < 0.001) increase in annual fresh fruit bunch yield due to progressive pruning. A regression analysis, however, revealed a lower rate of yield loss (3.05 to 2.70 tonnes) to leaf miner infestation after the introduction of progressive pruning. The study recommends progressive pruning as a key cultural practice for improving crop yields in leaf miner prone plantations.

Taxonomic Studies of Weed Communities Growing in Date Palm and Christ’s Thorn Jujube Farms in Ad-Dawadimi, KSA

The problem of food shortage is one of the most important problems facing many countries in the world. Various factors affect the decline in crop productivity. Where weeds are the most important reasons that cause a huge loss in crop productivity. Studying agricultural ecosystems, knowing their components and explaining the relationship between all of their components, helps a lot in achieving the highest productivity of different crops in addition to benefiting from some types of weeds, as well as, identifying appropriate methods to control the growth of weeds. In this study, 60 species were listed. The most frequent plant families were Asteraceae, Poaceae and Zygophyllaceae. Annuals were the most common life span, as well as, therophytes were the most frequent life form. The most frequent floristic categories were Saharo-Sindian-Sudano-Zambezian and Saharo-Sindian regions. The most famous indicators of biodiversity (species richness, species evenness and species diversity) have been calculated. For managing and classifying data PC-ORD program (TWINSPAN and DCA analyses) was used.

Model Design and Development of a Telescopic Palm Fruit Harvester

This research paper presents a comprehensive conceptual design approach for the development of a telescopic machine system, which is portable and will provide a safe method of harvesting palm fruits. For this machine system development, the material for each component of the machine system was first selected, the boom length, maximum boom angle, force and stroke length of each hydraulic cylinder, the hydraulic pump pressure, base weight, permissible weight of the cutting system and power required were then calculated in the design analysis. Furthermore, from the calculated parameters, the model of the system was created using SolidWorks engineering software, the model was developed and tested. The result shows that the cutting time of the system for one bunch of palm fruit was longer when compared to conventional systems. It was concluded that though the machine is maintenance friendly and portable, further improvements in its design are necessary so as to develop a system that will give desirable economic output at a shorter time.

Agronomic Practices and Macronutrients Status of Different Age Groups of Smallholder Oil Palm (Elaeis guineensis Jacq.) Plantations in Dibombari Sub-Division, Cameroon

Oil palm is cultivated by agro-industries and smallholders for vegetable oil production. Good farm management practices with balanced soil and plant macronutrients are needed to attain optimum yields. Smallholder oil palm farmers of Dibombari Sub-Division, Cameroon, suffer from low on farm yields which could emanate from the agronomic practices implemented, which also has an influence on the soil and plant macronutrient status. This study provides information on the agronomic practices, soil and plant macronutrients status in smallholder oil palm fields. Structured questionnaires were administered to 200 farmers to collect data on their agronomic practices, using a stratified random sampling design. Soil and plants were sampled from plantations of different age groups (control, >0 - 4 years, >4 - 8 years and >8 - 15 years’ plantations) in four locations of the Sub-Division (i.e. Dibombari-central, Bonamateke, Bomono and Nkapa) using a randomized complete block design. Data collected, was analyzed using descriptive and inferential statistics. The results showed that 65% of farmers planted Tenera variety, with majority of them below the standards for weeding (81%), fertilizer use (100%), pruning (62%), pest/disease control (90.5%) and harvesting (96%) practices. Soil macronutrients were low across the different plantations except P which was optimal at >0 - 4 years and >4 - 8 years’ plantations but low at >8 - 15 years’ plantation. Similarly, for plant macronutrients, N and P were optimal across the different plantations, while K and Mg were optimal at >0 - 4 years’ plantation but low at >4 - 8 years and >8 - 15 years’ plantations. Thus, agronomic practices and macronutrient status of soil and plants were below standards in smallholder oil palm plantations of Dibombari, leading to low yields of fresh fruit bunches.

Effect of Palm Oil Biodiesel Blends on Engine Emission and Performance Characteristics in an Internal Combustion Engine

Increasing global environmental issues and depleting fossil fuel reserves has necessitated the need for alternative and sustainable fuel. In this paper, the effects of biodiesel and its blend on engine emission and performance characteristics in an internal combustion engine were analyzed. Biodiesel derived from the transesterification of raw palm oil was blended with diesel fuel at different proportions designated as PO5 (5% Biodiesel and 95% Diesel), PO10 (10% Biodiesel and 90% Diesel), PO15 (15% Biodiesel and 85% Diesel), PO20 (20% Biodiesel and 80% Diesel), PO50 (50% Biodiesel and 50% Diesel), PO85 (85% Biodiesel and 15% Diesel), and PO100 (100% Biodiesel). A Lombardini 2-cylinder, four-stroke direct injection diesel engine with a compression ratio of 22.8 was developed using Ricardo Wave software in which diesel, palm oil biodiesel blends and pure biodiesel are used in the model, and the obtained results were analysed and presented. The simulation was done under varying engine speeds of 1200 rpm to 3200 rpm at full load condition. Biodiesel and its blends are more environment-friendly and non-toxic when compared to diesel fuel;it also improves the mechanical efficiency of the engines, and above all can also lead to a reduction in poverty among rural dwellers. The obtained results showed that brake specific fuel consumption and brake thermal efficiency increased with palm oil biodiesel blends as compared to diesel fuel which might be a result of biodiesel’s lower heating value, and the increase in thermal energy may be a result of the oxygenation of the biodiesel blend as compared to pure diesel. In terms of brake torque, palm oil biodiesel blends were lesser than diesel fuel. The CO, HC, and NOx emissions of palm oil biodiesel blends decreased significantly compared to that of pure diesel. From this study, palm oil biodiesel emits lesser emissions than diesel fuel and its performance characteristics are similar to diesel fuel. Therefore, palm oil biodiesel can be used without any modifications directly in a diesel engine. In addition, it can also be used as blends as an alternative and sustainable fuel, decreasing air pollution, and increasing environmental sustainability.

基于Gaofen-2影像和面向对象的椰子林分类研究

椰子是重要的热带经济作物,海南椰子种植面积占全国的90%以上。快速获取椰子种植面积及其空间分布信息对热带作物产业规划具有十分重要的作用。本研究基于国产Gaofen-2高分辨率卫星影像,以文昌市东郊镇为试验区,开展椰子林遥感分类研究。基于最优分割尺度的面向对象分类方法,选取4个光谱特征、5个植被指数和32个纹理特征为辅助参量,构建了4种不同的面向对象分类组合(光谱特征、光谱特征+纹理特征组合、光谱特征+植被指数组合、光谱特征+纹理特征+植被指数特征组合)进行椰子林分类提取,并与基于像元的椰子林分类结果进行对比分析。结果表明:(1)仅采用基于像元分类方法,椰子林的总体分类精度(overall accuracy,OA)和用户精度(user’s accuracy,UA)分别达到87.05%和85.21%。(2)相比基于像元分类,4种面向对象分类组合的OA值提高了5.51%~8.72%。(3)光谱特征和纹理特征组合提取椰子林分类结果最优,OA值和UA值分别达到95.77%和97.15%;光谱特征和植被指数的组合也得到了较好的分类结果,OA值和UA值分别为94.88%和94.42%;所有的光谱特征、植被指数和纹理特征全部参与分类得到的OA值和UA值分别为94.67%和94.17%,低于仅使用光谱特征或者植被指数的组合。综上,国产高分辨率Gaofen-2影像在椰子林遥感精准识别中具有很大的潜力,结合纹理特征的面向对象分类方法可以更准确地提取椰子林分类信息,研究结果可为多云多雨地区大尺度椰子林遥感识别提供技术参考。

不同供磷水平对椰枣幼苗生长、生理指标和营养元素含量的影响

【目的】通过分析不同供磷水平对椰枣幼苗生长、生理指标和营养元素含量的影响,为构建椰枣幼苗平衡施肥技术提供理论依据。【方法】以椰枣幼苗为试验材料,采用盆栽试验,设4个供磷水平处理,浓度分别为5(CK)、100、1000和5000μmol/L,培养7个月后,观察测定幼苗的生长、生理指标和营养元素含量。【结果】5μmol/L供磷水平下,椰枣幼苗长势弱;100μmol/L供磷水平下椰枣幼苗的根部鲜重显著低于1000μmol/L供磷水平(P<0.05,下同);1000μmol/L供磷水平下椰枣幼苗长势好,其根部鲜重、地上部干重、株高增加量、植株磷含量、植株磷累积量、第3叶和第6叶片中的可溶性蛋白含量均显著大于CK;5000μmol/L供磷水平下,新抽叶片密集,根部磷利用效率和植株磷利用效率最低。同一供磷水平下,椰枣幼苗茎尖中的磷含量高于叶片和根尖。不同供磷水平对地上部和根部氮、钾、钙、镁、钠、铝元素的含量影响不同。随着供磷水平的增加,地上部和根部的钾、铝含量,以及地上部钙含量均先增加后降低,地上部镁含量逐渐增加,根部钙、镁含量逐渐降低;5000μmol/L供磷水平下,地上部和根部的钠含量达最高。1000μmol/L供磷水平下,椰枣幼苗地上部的氮、钾、镁、钠、铝的累积量,地上部氮利用效率,以及地上部和根部的钙利用效率显著大于CK。【结论】营养液中的供磷水平会影响椰枣幼苗的长势、生理指标及营养元素的含量、累积量和利用效率。过低或者过高供磷水平均不利于椰枣幼苗的生长,1000μmol/L供磷水平下,椰枣幼苗长势良好。

海南槟榔种苗产业现状及发展建议

近年来,伴随着槟榔产业快速发展,其种业中存在的种源混杂、良种率低、种苗市场混乱等问题日益凸显,从源头上制约了槟榔产业的健康发展。研究介绍了海南槟榔产业发展概况,分析了种苗生产管理现状和槟榔种业发展中存在的问题,并提出了针对性的发展建议,旨在为海南槟榔产业的健康发展助力。

棕榈丝栽培秀珍菇技术探讨

[目的]找到一种能替代棉籽壳,并能获得较好的产量的秀珍菇栽培配方。[方法]应用不同比例的棕榈丝配方栽培秀珍菇,比较不同栽培配方栽培出的秀珍菇的产量和多糖含量,得到栽培有机秀珍菇的适宜配方。[结果]经过试验得出,配方3(棕榈丝27%,玉米芯30%,麸皮20%,木屑20%,石灰1%,红糖1%,过磷酸钙1%)栽培秀珍菇的效果较好,配方4(棕榈丝37%,玉米芯20%,麸皮20%,木屑20%,石灰1%,红糖1%,过磷酸钙1%)栽培的秀珍菇多糖含量最高。棕榈丝配方栽培秀珍菇的效果虽然没有棉籽壳配方好,但栽培出的秀珍菇没有棉酚等有害物质的残留。[结论]采用这2个配方栽培秀珍菇,可实现农业废弃资源的再次利用,增加生态效益,推动有机食用菌的生产。

槟榔黄化病防控的生态地球化学研究

槟榔黄化病是海南省槟榔树极易感染、蔓延迅速、极具毁灭性的头号病害,综合性的物理、化学和生态防控措施仍然难以控制其蔓延。生态地球化学研究以土壤-植株系统元素地球化学行为和生态效应为研究内容,可能赋予槟榔树自身内在的黄化病抑制能力,从而达到防控黄化病的目的。文章对万宁市槟榔园开展生态地球化学研究,分别配套采集了感染黄化病和未感染黄化病的槟榔树根系土、根系和叶片地球化学样品各30套,分析测试了Se、Cu、Pb、Zn、Cd、Hg、As、Cr、Ni、Fe、Mn、B、Mo、Cl、F、I、N、P、K、Ca、Mg、S、Co、Na、Si、Al等元素质量分数。以槟榔树是否感染黄化病为因变量进行二项逻辑回归统计,结果表明:不同介质样品的分类概率模型中,根系土的As元素,根系的As、N、Na元素,叶片的Zn、Hg、S元素回归系数为负数,表明槟榔树相应部位这些元素的质量分数越高,其感染黄化病的概率越低,联系到含砷农药和药物用于植物病虫害防控和人体疾病治疗的事实,意谓着提高根系土As等元素质量分数可能提升槟榔树对黄化病的预防和抑制能力,从而为槟榔黄化病防控提供了可能而又简单易行的生态地球化学新途径。但As作为毒害元素,是土壤环境质量和农产品食用安全的重要控制指标,因此,利用As元素防控槟榔黄化病,应开展针对槟榔树根系土和果实的系统性田间试验研究和评估,严防二次污染。

棕榈油和棉籽油硬脂在油条煎炸过程中的品质评价

将棕榈油和棉籽油硬脂分别进行32 h的连续深度煎炸,检测过程中的质量指标,评价其煎炸特性。结果表明,在32 h连续深度煎炸过程中,随着煎炸时间的延长,棕榈油颜色加深更明显,其极性组分含量和酸价增加更多,碘值更低,两种油的过氧化值变化均不明显,但所有指标均在国标规定范围内。两种煎炸油的饱和脂肪酸(saturated fatty acid,SFA)的含量均增加,单不饱和脂肪酸(monounsaturated fatty acid,MUFA)和多不饱和脂肪酸(polyunsatu⁃rated fatty acid,PUFA)的含量减少,棉籽油硬脂的SFA增加更多。两种煎炸油的反式脂肪酸(trans fatty acid,TFA)含量均随煎炸时间的延长而增加,其中棕榈油的TFA含量增加更多。棉籽油硬脂作为煎炸油煎炸后的食品酸价、极性组分含量、TFA含量更低,颜色透亮,煎炸寿命长,稳定性好,食用安全,更符合现代消费者的消费观。

手掌乳突花纹类型和出现频率研究

掌纹是肤纹学的主要研究对象之一,其既与遗传基因密切相关,又具有终身稳定的个体化差异。本文通过对720份掌纹捺印样本的统计分析,得出了男性和女性左右手掌不同区域共22种乳突花纹以及三角、阶梯线等辅助花纹的具体类型和出现频率,归纳了手掌指根区、内侧区、外侧区乳突花纹组合出现的规律,分析并总结了不同性别、不同手别手掌乳突花纹的分布特点。研究发现手掌指根区可形成3~7个三角,其三角的数量与指根区出现乳突花纹的类型和数量有关,96.87%的手掌指根区有1~3个乳突花纹出现,其中,环小指间倒箕的总体出现频率最高;9.10%的手掌内侧区出现了乳突花纹,弯口箕的出现频率高于其他乳突花纹,所有的弯口箕和横方箕上方都出现了阶梯线,而只有少数阶梯线上方出现对顶小箕;14.17%的手掌外侧区出现了乳突花纹,外斜箕的总体出现频率最高。研究结果将为手掌肤纹识别及掌印分析鉴定提供依据。

不同盾构施工参数对地表沉降影响的数值分析

为研究盾构隧道施工阶段不同施工参数对地表沉降的影响规律,文中依托杭州某盾构隧道工程,运用Midas GTS NX数值软件建立盾构隧道施工三维模型,分析施工阶段注浆体弹性模量、注浆压力、掌子面推力等施工参数对地表沉降的影响。结果表明,不同施工参数工况下地表横向沉降曲线皆呈现倒V形,且最大值均位于隧道拱顶正上方;适当增大注浆压力、掌子面推力可以减小地表沉降量;注浆体弹性模量大小与地表沉降量成反比;不同施工参数对地表沉降量的影响作用由大到小排列依次为注浆压力、注浆体弹性模量、掌子面推力,研究成果可为相关工程提供参考借鉴。

生物炭-硅酸钙联合修复铅镉污染土壤的持续性效应

为探究棕榈生物炭与硅酸钙联合施用对Pb-Cd复合重金属污染土壤的钝化效果及其稳定性,本研究采用蔬菜种植盆栽实验,测定土壤溶液pH和Pb、Cd浓度以及蔬菜可食部分Pb、Cd含量。结果表明:与不添加钝化剂的对照组相比,添加钝化剂能够有效提高土壤溶液pH,使土壤溶液中Pb、Cd浓度显著降低,种植小白菜可食部分Pb含量下降62.20%~96.77%、Cd含量下降92.76%以上,多数处理符合国家食品安全标准。土壤种植适宜性研究结果表明,五种供试蔬菜可食部分重金属含量与富集系数规律一致,小白菜对Pb的富集能力最强,苋菜对Cd的富集能力最强。当土壤Pb<500 mg·kg^(-1)时,韭菜、苋菜、甘蓝和大白菜四种蔬菜均可种植;当土壤Cd>0.6 mg·kg^(-1)、Pb>500 mg·kg^(-1)时,不适宜种植上述五种蔬菜。本研究探明了钝化剂的持续修复效果,研究结果可为土壤修复提及中低污染风险地区的适宜蔬菜种植提供技术和数据支撑。