This study aims to assess the effective capacity of <i>Panicum</i><span> <i>maximum</i> </span>to accumulate cadmium (Cd), nickel (Ni) and lead (Pb). <i>P</i><span>...This study aims to assess the effective capacity of <i>Panicum</i><span> <i>maximum</i> </span>to accumulate cadmium (Cd), nickel (Ni) and lead (Pb). <i>P</i><span>. <i>maximum</i></span> observed in a greenhouse was subjected to 2 ppm of Cd, 50 ppm of Ni, 100 ppm of Pb contaminated soil and uncontaminated soil, </span></span><span><span><span style="font-family:"">for</span></span></span><span><span><span style="font-family:""> 120 days. Plant growth and biomass produced concentration of trace metals in soil and plant, bioaccumulation and transfer factors, location of potentially toxic elements in tissues and cells of plant ha</span></span></span><span><span><span style="font-family:"">ve</span></span></span><span><span><span style="font-family:""> been determined. Stem length and biomass produced by <i>P</i><span>. <i>maximum</i></span> were higher on the uncontaminated soil followed respectively by those of soil-contaminated by Pb, Cd and Ni. Bioaccumulation factors of trace metals were 8.93 (Pb), 8.47 (Ni) and 3.37 (Cd). Ni was more accumulated in shoot biomass (FT > 1), while Pb and Cd were concentrated in root biomass (FT </span></span></span><span><span><span style="font-family:""><</span></span></span><span><span><span style="font-family:""> 1). Pb is accumulated preferentially in endodermis (roots) and epidermis (leaves). As for Ni and Cd, they are concentrated in central cylinder of roots and in conductive bundles of leaves. At cellular level, Ni and Cd are mainly concentrated in intracellular compartments of leaves and roots, while Pb is strongly detected at cell walls.展开更多
Objective:To evaluate antiplasmodial and analgesic activities of ethanolic leaf extract/ fractions of Panicum maximum.Methods:The crude leaf extract(47-190 mg/kg) and fractions (chlor of orm,ethyl acqeous and methanol...Objective:To evaluate antiplasmodial and analgesic activities of ethanolic leaf extract/ fractions of Panicum maximum.Methods:The crude leaf extract(47-190 mg/kg) and fractions (chlor of orm,ethyl acqeous and methanol;96 mg/kg) of Panicum maximum were investigated for antiplasmodial activity against chloroquine sensitive Plasmodium berghei infections in mice and for analgesic activity against chemical and heat-induced pains.The antiplasmodial activity during early and established infections as well as prophylactic were investigated.Artesunate at 5 mg/kg and pyrimethamine at 1.2 mg/kg were used as positive controls.Analgesic activity of the crude extract/fractions was also evaluated against acetic acid,formalin and heat-induced pains.Results:The extract and its fractions dose-dependently reduced parasitaemia induced by chloroquine sensitive Plasmodium berghei infection in prophylactic,suppressive and curative models in mice.These reductions were statistically significant(P【0.001).They also improved the mean survival time from 13 to 28 days compared with control(P【0.001).The activities of extract/ fractions were incomparable to that of the standard drugs(Artesunate and pyrimethamine).On chemically and thermally-induced pains.the extract inhibited acetic acid and formalin-induced inflammation as well as hot plate-induced pain in mice.These inhibitions were statistically significant(P【0.001) and in a dose-dependent fashion.Condusions:Panicum maximum leaf extract has antiplasmodial and analgesic activities which may in part be mediated through the chemical constituents of the plant.展开更多
A novel switchgrass (Panicum virgatum) extract mediated green process was demonstrated for the synthesis of silver nanoparticles from silver nitrate solution at ambient temperature. UV-visible spectroscopic analysis i...A novel switchgrass (Panicum virgatum) extract mediated green process was demonstrated for the synthesis of silver nanoparticles from silver nitrate solution at ambient temperature. UV-visible spectroscopic analysis indicates the rapid reduction of silver (Ag+) ions by swithgrass extract. The silver nanoparticles began to form at 15 min and the reduction reaction was completed within 2 hours. Synthesized silver nanoparticles were subjected to x-ray diffraction (XRD) for structural characterization, which confirms the FCC symmetry of silver nanoparticles with the lattice parameter of 4.0962 ?. The particle size of bio-synthesized silver nanoparticles was identified through transmission electron microscopic (TEM) analysis and found to be in the range of 20 - 40 nm.展开更多
The restoration of soils polluted by trace metals (Pb and Cd) by phytoremediation is an innovative and ecologically sustainable solution. The objective of the study was to develop a process of phytoaccumulation of tra...The restoration of soils polluted by trace metals (Pb and Cd) by phytoremediation is an innovative and ecologically sustainable solution. The objective of the study was to develop a process of phytoaccumulation of trace metals (Pb and Cd) in soils with the species Panicum maximum. For this purpose, 30 buckets containing soil were used. These included six (06) buckets per dose of soil contamination by Pb and Cd (3 mg/kg and 9 mg/kg of Cd and 100 mg/kg and 300 mg/kg of Pb) and six (6) buckets containing uncontaminated soil (control). During a period of 90 days of experimentation, the concentrations of trace metals in the plant biomass and in the soils were measured. Also, the bioaccumulation (BF) and translocation (TF) factors, the mass of Pb and Cd taken up by the plant were determined. The results showed that the biomass produced was negatively influenced by increasing Pb and Cd concentration. The concentrations of Pb and Cd accumulated by P. maximum varied in the aboveground biomass from 6.48 ± 0.55 to 18.09 ± 0.71 mg/kg (Pb100);from 10.93 ± 0.38 to 23.04 ± 0.79 mg/kg (Pb300);from 0.91 ± 0.02 to 1.50 ± 0.03 mg/kg (Cd3);and from 3.05 ± 0.08 to 5.43 ± 0.09 mg/kg (Cd9) from day 30 to day 90. However, in the root biomass, trace metals (Pb and Cd) ranged from 8.09 ± 0.58 to 22.57 ± 0.86 mg/kg (Pb100);from 29.45 ± 0.49 to 62.35 ± 0.82 mg/kg (Pb300);from 0.66 ± 0.01 to 1.11 ± 0.07 mg/kg (Cd3);and from 2.22 ± 0.08 to 3, 97 ± 0.09 mg/kg (Cd9), from day 30 to day 90. Pb was concentrated in the root biomass and Cd in the aboveground biomass. Bioaccumulation factor values ranged from 0.26 ± 0.02 to 0.99 ± 0.04 (Pb100);from 0.21 ± 0.04 to 0.50 ± 0.06 (Pb300);from 0.83 ± 0.09 to 1.72 ± 0.18 (Cd3);and from 0.70 ± 0.08 to 1.54 ± 0.18 (Cd9). High concentrations of Pb and Cd show a negative effect on the accumulation potential of P. maximum.展开更多
文摘This study aims to assess the effective capacity of <i>Panicum</i><span> <i>maximum</i> </span>to accumulate cadmium (Cd), nickel (Ni) and lead (Pb). <i>P</i><span>. <i>maximum</i></span> observed in a greenhouse was subjected to 2 ppm of Cd, 50 ppm of Ni, 100 ppm of Pb contaminated soil and uncontaminated soil, </span></span><span><span><span style="font-family:"">for</span></span></span><span><span><span style="font-family:""> 120 days. Plant growth and biomass produced concentration of trace metals in soil and plant, bioaccumulation and transfer factors, location of potentially toxic elements in tissues and cells of plant ha</span></span></span><span><span><span style="font-family:"">ve</span></span></span><span><span><span style="font-family:""> been determined. Stem length and biomass produced by <i>P</i><span>. <i>maximum</i></span> were higher on the uncontaminated soil followed respectively by those of soil-contaminated by Pb, Cd and Ni. Bioaccumulation factors of trace metals were 8.93 (Pb), 8.47 (Ni) and 3.37 (Cd). Ni was more accumulated in shoot biomass (FT > 1), while Pb and Cd were concentrated in root biomass (FT </span></span></span><span><span><span style="font-family:""><</span></span></span><span><span><span style="font-family:""> 1). Pb is accumulated preferentially in endodermis (roots) and epidermis (leaves). As for Ni and Cd, they are concentrated in central cylinder of roots and in conductive bundles of leaves. At cellular level, Ni and Cd are mainly concentrated in intracellular compartments of leaves and roots, while Pb is strongly detected at cell walls.
文摘Objective:To evaluate antiplasmodial and analgesic activities of ethanolic leaf extract/ fractions of Panicum maximum.Methods:The crude leaf extract(47-190 mg/kg) and fractions (chlor of orm,ethyl acqeous and methanol;96 mg/kg) of Panicum maximum were investigated for antiplasmodial activity against chloroquine sensitive Plasmodium berghei infections in mice and for analgesic activity against chemical and heat-induced pains.The antiplasmodial activity during early and established infections as well as prophylactic were investigated.Artesunate at 5 mg/kg and pyrimethamine at 1.2 mg/kg were used as positive controls.Analgesic activity of the crude extract/fractions was also evaluated against acetic acid,formalin and heat-induced pains.Results:The extract and its fractions dose-dependently reduced parasitaemia induced by chloroquine sensitive Plasmodium berghei infection in prophylactic,suppressive and curative models in mice.These reductions were statistically significant(P【0.001).They also improved the mean survival time from 13 to 28 days compared with control(P【0.001).The activities of extract/ fractions were incomparable to that of the standard drugs(Artesunate and pyrimethamine).On chemically and thermally-induced pains.the extract inhibited acetic acid and formalin-induced inflammation as well as hot plate-induced pain in mice.These inhibitions were statistically significant(P【0.001) and in a dose-dependent fashion.Condusions:Panicum maximum leaf extract has antiplasmodial and analgesic activities which may in part be mediated through the chemical constituents of the plant.
文摘A novel switchgrass (Panicum virgatum) extract mediated green process was demonstrated for the synthesis of silver nanoparticles from silver nitrate solution at ambient temperature. UV-visible spectroscopic analysis indicates the rapid reduction of silver (Ag+) ions by swithgrass extract. The silver nanoparticles began to form at 15 min and the reduction reaction was completed within 2 hours. Synthesized silver nanoparticles were subjected to x-ray diffraction (XRD) for structural characterization, which confirms the FCC symmetry of silver nanoparticles with the lattice parameter of 4.0962 ?. The particle size of bio-synthesized silver nanoparticles was identified through transmission electron microscopic (TEM) analysis and found to be in the range of 20 - 40 nm.
文摘The restoration of soils polluted by trace metals (Pb and Cd) by phytoremediation is an innovative and ecologically sustainable solution. The objective of the study was to develop a process of phytoaccumulation of trace metals (Pb and Cd) in soils with the species Panicum maximum. For this purpose, 30 buckets containing soil were used. These included six (06) buckets per dose of soil contamination by Pb and Cd (3 mg/kg and 9 mg/kg of Cd and 100 mg/kg and 300 mg/kg of Pb) and six (6) buckets containing uncontaminated soil (control). During a period of 90 days of experimentation, the concentrations of trace metals in the plant biomass and in the soils were measured. Also, the bioaccumulation (BF) and translocation (TF) factors, the mass of Pb and Cd taken up by the plant were determined. The results showed that the biomass produced was negatively influenced by increasing Pb and Cd concentration. The concentrations of Pb and Cd accumulated by P. maximum varied in the aboveground biomass from 6.48 ± 0.55 to 18.09 ± 0.71 mg/kg (Pb100);from 10.93 ± 0.38 to 23.04 ± 0.79 mg/kg (Pb300);from 0.91 ± 0.02 to 1.50 ± 0.03 mg/kg (Cd3);and from 3.05 ± 0.08 to 5.43 ± 0.09 mg/kg (Cd9) from day 30 to day 90. However, in the root biomass, trace metals (Pb and Cd) ranged from 8.09 ± 0.58 to 22.57 ± 0.86 mg/kg (Pb100);from 29.45 ± 0.49 to 62.35 ± 0.82 mg/kg (Pb300);from 0.66 ± 0.01 to 1.11 ± 0.07 mg/kg (Cd3);and from 2.22 ± 0.08 to 3, 97 ± 0.09 mg/kg (Cd9), from day 30 to day 90. Pb was concentrated in the root biomass and Cd in the aboveground biomass. Bioaccumulation factor values ranged from 0.26 ± 0.02 to 0.99 ± 0.04 (Pb100);from 0.21 ± 0.04 to 0.50 ± 0.06 (Pb300);from 0.83 ± 0.09 to 1.72 ± 0.18 (Cd3);and from 0.70 ± 0.08 to 1.54 ± 0.18 (Cd9). High concentrations of Pb and Cd show a negative effect on the accumulation potential of P. maximum.
