Local Application of Combined Drugs of Natural Essential Oils for the Prevention of Acute Pharyngitis

Objective: Viral pharyngitis, commonly known as a sore throat, is a widespread condition affecting people of all ages globally. This study aimed to assess the effectiveness of a medical device containing the combined drugs of natural essential oils (CDNEO) formulation in managing throat pain in patients with acute viral pharyngitis. With the growing resistance to traditional antibacterial treatments, essential oils have attracted interest for their potential analgesic, anti-inflammatory, and antibacterial properties. Results: The study involved 81 patients randomly divided into two groups: those taking a medical device containing combined drugs of natural essential oils (CDNEO) and those taking a placebo. A questionnaire was used to assess throat pain among the participants, with 45 receiving the CDNEO and 36 the placebo. The CDNEO group experienced a significant reduction in throat pain, with the average VAS score decreasing from 5.36 to 1.09, compared to the placebo group, which saw a decrease from 4.97 to 2.19. This difference, with p Conclusion: By using a double-blind research method, it was possible to evaluate the effectiveness of the oils more objectively, since there was also a control placebo group. The study shows that CDNEO significantly reduces throat pain and decreases the need for additional pain relief medication in patients with acute viral pharyngitis. The findings suggest that natural essential oils could serve as an alternative treatment for pharyngitis, particularly in efforts to minimize NSAID use and combat antibiotic resistance.

Helicobacter pylori infection in the pharynx of patients with chronic pharyngitis detected with TDI-FP and modified Giemsa stain

AIM： To detect whether there is Helicobacter pylori （Hpylori） colonization in the pharynx mucous membrane of healthy people and whether chronic pharyngitis is related to Hpylori infection. METHODS： Fifty cases of chronic pharyngitis refractory over three months were prospectively studied from March 2004 to August 2004 in the otolaryngology outpatient department of the Second Hospital of Xi＇an Jiaotong University. Template-directed dye-terminator incorporated with fluorescence polarization detection （TDI-FP） and modified Giemsa stain were used to examine pharynx mucous membrane tissue for H pylori colonization in the patients with chronic pharyngitis and the healthy people as a control group. RESULTS： In the control group, no people were detected to have Hpylori in the pharynx. In contrast, in 50 cases with chronic pharyngitis, 19 （38.0%） cases were H pylori positive with a TDI-FP assay and 4 （8%） cases were TDI-FP positive with Giemsa staining in the pharynx. Sixteen of the 50 pharyngitis cases had stomach ailment history, 11 cases （68.8%） of these 16 patients were determined to be H pylori positive in the pharynx with the TDI-FP assay. 2,2 test showed that this infection rate was remarkably higher （P= 0.0007） than that in the cases without stomach ailment history. Giemsa staining showed that 3 cases （18.8%） of the patients with stomach ailment history were infected with H pylori in the pharynx, which was remarkably higher （P = 0.042） than that in the patients without stomach ailment history （1 case, which was 2.9%）. CONCLUSION： H pylori may not be detected in the pharynx of healthy people. Chronic pharyngitis may be related to H pylori infection. The infection rate with Hpylori in the pharynx is higher in patients with stomach ailment histories than in patients without stomach ailment histories, suggesting that chronic pharyngitis may be related to stomach ailment history.

Chinese Herbs for Pharyngitis Including COVID-19-Related Sore Throat

Sore throatis one of the most prominentclinical manifestations seen among mild cases of coronavirus disease 2019(COVID-19).Traditional Chinese medicine(TCM)modalities,especially Chinese herbs,have accumulated rich experience in successfully treating sore throats in both acute and chronic pharyngitis.By sharing a real-world case study of three patients suffering pharyngeal discomfort including sore throat that might be related to the new coronavirus infection and have similar manifestations to general viral-induced pharyngitis,the article systematically presents and summarizes key Chinese herbsfor acute and chronic pharyngitis based on TCM herbal prescriptions(principles of herbal formula writing)below:clearing heat and removing toxins,nourishing yin and the throat,loosening the stools and soothing the throat,along withTCM syndrome differentiation ordisease differentiation andtreatment.Moreover,a modern interpretation of these principles in terms of the relationship between Shanghuo and Fire Rising,which may often be characterized by local redness,swelling,fever,and pain in the mouth or throat along with possible inflammation,and the correspondence between the pharynx and the anus are proposed.Finally,the article will share their experience in applying specific herbs locally via various pharyngeal deliverymodalities to improve efficacy including recommended prescriptions fora variety of acute and chronic pharyngitis,as well as those that may be caused by the new coronavirus infection.

Molecular Identification of Streptococcus pyogenes in Isolates from Children with Pharyngitis, Gezira State, Sudan 2022

Background: Streptococcus pyogenes (Group A streptococcus) is an important Gram-positive human pathogen affected the upper respiratory tract, such as the tonsils and pharynx, and is also induces post-infection diseases such as rheumatic fever and glomerulonephritis. This study aim to isolate Streptococcus pyogenes from children with pharyngitis and to evaluate the molecular identification of S. pyogenes compared with conventional methods. Methods: A cross sectional study was conducted on total of 200 throat swab samples which were collected from children with pharyngitis referred to Wad medani Pediatric Teaching Hospital and Wad medani ENT hospital from January to November 2021. Demographic and clinical data were collected by questionnaire. Throat swabs were tested with the standard microbiological techniques to isolated Group A streptococcus (GAS). Antimicrobial susceptibility testing was performed to all GAS isolates using the Kirby Bauer disk diffusion method according to clinical laboratory standard institute (CLSI) guidelines. Additionally, PCR was used to identify Spy 1258 gene of isolated bacteria. Results: From all throat swab samples screened, 51 isolates (25.5%) were identified as GAS. Antibiotic susceptibility testing revealed that all the GAS isolates were sensitive to Penicillin and Azithromycin. Sensitivity to Erythromycin, Gentamicin, Clarithromycin, Amoxicillin and Cephalexin were 88.2%, 86.3%, 45.1%, 41.2%, 13.7%, respectively. Based on PCR identification of Spy 1258 gene the percentage of isolated bacteria was 21%. Conclusion: The rate of isolated Streptococcus pyogenes was 25.5% by conventional methods and 21% by PCR. The bacteria were sensitive to Penicillin and Azithromycin. The Spy 1258 gene was specific for detection of Streptococcus pyogenes.

Identification of the Bacterial Gene in Patients Who Repeatedly Develop Streptococcal Pharyngitis

Background: We aimed at determining whether the pathogenic bacteria at the onset of disease are genetically different and whether this affects future choice of the therapeutic methods against group A β-hemolytic streptococcal acute pharyngitis/tonsillitis. Methods: A pharynx swab was collected from pediatric patients who visited our hospital. The swab was cultured, and hemolytic streptococcus was detected 230 times. We isolated pathogenic bacteria of patients infected more than once and examined the bacteria using pulse-field gel electrophoresis. Results: Based on gene search results, we found that if the period of developing relapse was within 1 month from the first infection, all patients had the same gene. However, all patients in whom reinfection occurred after 6 months or later had different pertinent genes. Conclusions: The number of relapse/reinfection is significant for this disease, and considerably caution is essential for its treatment. No changes to antibacterial drug administration may be necessary for the second administration unless more than 6 months have passed since the first infection.

Efficacy and safety of atomized inhalation for Shuanghuanglian on chronic pharyngitis:a Meta-analysis of the randomized controlled trials

Objective: As a Chinese drugs preparation to clear heat and remove toxicity, Shuanghuanglian (SHL) has been widely used, but the clinical efficacy and safety of SHL on chronic pharyngitis remain unclear, especially the application of atomized inhalation of SHL need to be verified. The aim of this study was to evaluate its clinical efficacy and safety for chronic pharyngitis. Methods: From the Cochrane Library, Pubmed, EMbase, Wanfang Datebase, CNKI (China National Knowledge Infrastructure), VIP (Chinese Scientifc Journals Database), CBM (Chinese Biomedicine Database), We got the qualified randomized controlled trials(RCTs) and adopted RevMan5.3 software and the risk of bias tool according to the Cochrane to perform a metaanalysis. Results: Ten RCTs, a total of 950 cases (involving 472 cases in SHL group and 478 in control group) were included. The results showed that the clinical efficacy in SHL group was superior to control group [Chi2=5.61, 95%CI (4.29, 11.43), P<0.05], and four literatures reported no obvious adverse reactions in SHL group. Conclusion: Application of atomized inhalation of SHL may have a potential advantage in treating chronic pharyngitis. However, due to the limitation of the quality and sample size of those studies, the accuracy of the result should be treated with caution, higher standardized researches are required to justify the conclusion.

孙海波咽部刺营辨治慢性咽炎经验撷菁

慢性咽炎是咽部黏膜及黏膜下和淋巴组织的慢性炎症,是耳鼻喉科常见病、多发病,属中医学“喉痹”范畴。孙海波教授致力于中医耳鼻喉科临床40余年,对慢性咽炎诊疗经验丰富,根据本病的发病特点,认为病机关键为“阳虚、气郁、痰阻、血瘀”所致,四者既是致病因素,也是咽喉诸症的病理变化结果,在疾病的发展过程中往往相互转化,互为因果,致使病情迁延,症状反复。临证根据咽部黏膜颜色、触诊弹性、血管是否充血、淋巴滤泡形态进行咽部局部辨证,同时结合全身症候辨证施治。擅长运用针刀咽部刺营通阳、化滞、散瘀,同时配合温阳行气、健脾化痰、祛瘀通络中药辨证治疗,临床疗效显著。并提出针刀咽部刺营的操作技巧及注意事项,便于临床推广应用。

Study on the mechanism of Fructus Forsythiae and Folium Nelumbinis on acute pharyngitis based on network pharmacology

Objective:To explore the mechanism of Lianqiao-Heye(Fructus Forsythiae and Folium Nelumbinis,FF-FN)drug pair in treating acute pharyngitis(AP)by network pharmacology.Methods:The chemical components and potential therapeutic targets of FF-FN drug pair were obtained from TCMSP firstly,and databases GeneCards,DrugBank,OMIM and PharmGKB were utilized to get the genes related to AP and the intersection of the results was obtained.Then Cytoscape software was used to construct drug-component-target network diagram to screen out the key compounds.Protein interaction network(PPI)was established using String database,and the core targets were screened by CytoNCA topology analysis.R language software was used for GO biological function analysis and KEGG pathway analysis.Finally,the docking verification of key compounds and core target molecules was carried out by AutoDock software.Results:A total of 38 active compounds and 917 potential therapeutic targets were obtained from FF-FN drug pair,while a total of 1534 targets were screened out for AP,among which,the number of intersection targets was 117.7 core targets were screened out from PPI core network,with JUN,TP53,CXCL8 and RELA included.A total of 2487 biological processes were involved in GO enrichment analysis,and 157 related pathways were screened out by KEGG.Based on results of molecular docking verification,the key compounds such as quercetin,luteolin and wogonin in FF-FN drug pair were proved capable of binding to the core targets and a good affinity was shown.Conclusion:FF-FN pair can intervene AP through multiple targets and multiple pathways,including PI3KAkts signaling pathway,AGE-RAGE signaling pathway and IL-17 signaling pathway.The combination of quercetin,luteolin,wogonin,kaempferol andβ-sitosterol with JUN,RELA,MAPK1,TNF and MYC can possibly be one of the mechanisms regarding to the therapeutic effect.

下咽癌全喉切除术后咽瘘发生的危险因素分析

目的探讨下咽癌全喉切除术后咽瘘发生的危险因素。方法回顾性分析2009年1月至2019年12月南京医科大学附属肿瘤医院收治的89例下咽癌全喉切除患者的临床资料。根据术后是否发生咽瘘分为咽瘘组和无咽瘘组,分析患者相关、疾病相关及治疗相关的咽瘘发生的危险因素。结果89例患者中有20例术后出现咽瘘,69例未出现咽瘘,总体咽瘘发生率为22.5%。单因素分析显示,咽瘘组有糖尿病史(P=0.031)、术前行放化疗(P=0.021)、术前低白蛋白血症(P=0.008)、术后低白蛋白血症(P=0.002)及采用皮瓣修复(P=0.034)的患者占比高于无咽瘘组。多因素logistic回归分析显示,术后白蛋白水平是咽瘘发生的独立保护因素(OR=0.174,95%CI 0.048~0.626,P=0.007)。结论有糖尿病、围手术期低白蛋白血症或术前接受放化疗的下咽癌患者全喉切除术后更易发生咽瘘。

基于JAK2/STAT3信号通路探究利咽糖浆对慢性咽炎大鼠咽喉组织损伤及咽黏膜修复的影响

目的:基于Janus激酶2(JAK2)/信号转导和转录激活因子3(STAT3)信号通路探究利咽糖浆对慢性咽炎大鼠咽喉组织损伤及咽黏膜修复的影响。方法:取SD大鼠随机分为对照组、模型组、利咽糖浆组、RO8191(JAK2/STAT3激活剂)组、利咽糖浆+RO8191组,模型组与药物干预组大鼠采用氨水刺激咽部构建慢性咽炎模型,对照组大鼠咽部注射等剂量生理盐水,经利咽糖浆与RO8191干预后,检测大鼠一般情况及咽部表观状态,并进行咽部表观状态评分;HE染色检测大鼠咽部病理形态变化;流式细胞术检测大鼠外周血T淋巴细胞亚群CD4^(+)T与CD8^(+)T表达、CD4^(+)T/CD8^(+)T;试剂盒检测大鼠血清肿瘤坏死因子-α(TNF-α)、IL-6、IL-10、丙二醛(MDA)、活性氧(ROS)、总抗氧化能力(T-AOC)水平;以免疫印记法检测大鼠咽部组织JAK2/STAT3通路相关蛋白表达。结果:与对照组比较,模型组大鼠咽部组织出现明显病理形态损伤,外周血CD4^(+)T与CD4^(+)T/CD8^(+)T、IL-10、血清T-AOC水平降低(P<0.05),咽部表观状态评分、CD8^(+)T、血清TNF-α、IL-6、MDA与ROS水平、咽部组织p-JAK2/JAK2与p-STAT3/STAT3水平升高(P<0.05);与模型组、利咽糖浆+RO8191组相比,利咽糖浆组大鼠咽部组织病理形态损伤减轻,外周血CD4^(+)T表达与CD4^(+)T/CD8^(+)T、IL-10、血清T-AOC水平均升高(P<0.05),咽部表观状态评分、CD8^(+)T、血清TNF-α、IL-6、MDA与ROS水平、咽部组织p-JAK2/JAK2与p-STAT3/STAT3水平均降低(P<0.05);RO8191组大鼠各指标变化趋势与利咽糖浆组相反。结论:利咽糖浆可通过抑制JAK2/STAT3信号激活减轻炎症及氧化应激,增强抗炎及抗氧化能力,缓解慢性咽炎大鼠咽喉组织损伤,修复咽黏膜。

咽瘘伤口湿性治疗评估指标体系构建的研究

目的构建咽瘘伤口湿性治疗评估指标体系。方法以整体护理理念为理论框架,检索PubMed、CINAHL、中国知网、万方数据知识服务平台、维普网数据库自建库至2023年1月的相关文献,经专家小组讨论后初步制订咽瘘伤口湿性治疗评估指标体系库、设计专家函询问卷。2023年4月至6月,采用目的抽样法,邀请来自中国东北、华北、华东、华南、华中、西南地区12个省市及自治区的15所三级甲等医院的25名专家进行函询,专家小组针对函询结果进行讨论并最终修订指标体系,应用层次分析法确定各层级指标权重并检验各层级指标逻辑一致性。结果专家函询问卷全部回收,有效回收率为100%。专家熟悉系数为0.912、判断系数为0.960、权威系数为0.936、肯德尔协调系数为0.392(P<0.001)。最终构建的咽瘘伤口湿性治疗评估指标体系包括一级指标3个、二级指标6个及三级指标28个,一级指标权重分别为0.7029(生理因素)、0.1149(心理因素)和0.1822(社会因素),各层级指标一致性检验系数均<0.100。结论初步构建的咽瘘伤口湿性治疗评估指标体系具有较高的权威性和科学性,可作为伤口治疗师评估咽瘘伤口的有效工具,指标体系的适用性和应用效果仍有待进一步验证。

基于“血实宜决之”应用咽部刺营治疗慢性咽炎探析

慢性咽炎是耳鼻喉科常见疾病,临床发病率高,其病因复杂,慢性感染性因素是慢性咽炎的主要病因之一。基于《黄帝内经》“血实宜决之”理论,认为邪滞咽喉、气郁痰阻、血瘀阻络、津伤络瘀是慢性咽炎的主要病机,其中“邪滞、气郁、痰阻、血瘀”是“血实”的病理基础,刺营是“决之”的治疗手段,通过针刺咽后壁淋巴滤泡、迂曲明显的浅表血管、咽侧索,使局部少量出血,可以达到“祛邪、通阳、化滞、散瘀”的目的,改善咽部症状,具有短期疗效明显,长期疗效稳定,操作简便,安全性高的特点。其作用机制可能是通过咽部针刺放血后改善咽部局部微循环,促进炎症吸收,调节免疫功能及咽部神经生理有关。对咽部刺营作用机制的探析,以期为临床治疗慢性咽炎提供新的思路和方法。

以咽部不适为主要症状的弥漫性特发性骨肥厚综合征1例

本文报道1例以咽部不适为主要症状的DISH(弥漫性特发性骨肥厚)综合征。患者因咽部不适4个月来院就诊,电子喉镜见咽后壁明显隆起,触之较硬,颈部增强MR见C3-7颈椎前缘见片状短T1长T2影,符合DISH综合征的诊断。

颈部挫伤并发甲状腺上动脉破裂致咽喉后壁血肿1例

1临床资料患者,男,65岁,因“颈部闭合性损伤1 h”急诊收治入院,就诊时呈渐近性呼吸困难加重,伴有咽痛明显,无明显声嘶发作。查体:颈部肿胀明显,皮下有少许淤血样改变,颈部皮肤完整。3~4度阻塞性呼吸困难,不能平卧位。相关科室除外颅脑、胸腹并发伤后,急诊坐位下行气管切开术,术后呼吸有改善,但效果不明显。术前颈动脉血管造影发现左侧甲状腺上动脉破裂(图1A),颈部CT示血肿上至第2颈椎水平,下至第1胸椎水平(图1B、1C),咽喉后壁巨大血肿约500 ml,术前介入科行血管栓塞术。

金银花口服液在急性咽炎中的应用疗效观察

目的 观察急性咽炎治疗中金银花口服液的应用疗效。方法 回顾性选取2020年2月至2023年2月本院急性咽炎患者100例的临床资料,依据治疗方法分为金银花口服液组、蒲地蓝口服液组两组,各50例。统计分析两组症状积分、临床疗效、症状消失时间、不良反应发生情况、满意度。结果 治疗前,两组患者的咽干、咽痛、头痛、发热、咳嗽积分及症状总积分之间的差异无统计学意义(P>0.05);治疗后,两组患者的咽干、咽痛、头痛、发热、咳嗽积分及症状总积分均低于治疗前(P<0.05),而且金银花口服液组患者的咽干、咽痛、头痛、发热、咳嗽积分及症状总积分均低于蒲地蓝口服液组(P<0.05)。金银花口服液组患者的总有效率96.00%(48/50)高于蒲地蓝口服液组80.00%(40/50)(χ^(2)=6.061,P<0.05)。金银花口服液组患者的咽干、咽痛、头痛、发热、咳嗽消失时间均短于蒲地蓝口服液组(P<0.05)。金银花口服液组患者的不良反应发生率2.00%(1/50)稍低于蒲地蓝口服液组4.00%(2/50),但二者之间的差异无统计学意义(χ^(2)<0.001,P>0.05)。金银花口服液组患者的满意度94.00%(47/50)高于蒲地蓝口服液组76.00%(38/50),χ^(2)=6.353,P<0.05。结论 急性咽炎治疗中金银花口服液的应用疗效显著。

以经络辨证为基础结合《黄帝内经》相关条文构建咽痛诊疗思路探析

针灸的临床辨证方法有多种,而以经络理论为基础的辨经论治则是针灸有别于传统方药、最具特色的辨证方法。此文通过整理《黄帝内经》中关于咽喉经脉循行、咽痛针刺穴位、操作方面的条文,及结合近年来运用经络理论辨证治疗咽痛的体悟,对二者进行归纳、分析、总结,尝试构建以循行经络为基础结合咽痛具体性质辨别病变所在经脉,以循经远端取穴、刺络放血、缪刺等方法灵活处理咽痛,集诊断、治疗为一体,较系统的诊治思路,以期为提高针灸治疗咽痛的临床效果,运用经典理论指导实践做一些积极探索。

支撑喉镜下等离子切开咽后壁黏膜下异物取出诊治经验

目的探讨咽后壁黏膜下异物的诊断、定位及治疗方案。方法收集2022年9月~2023年12月自贡市第四人民医院耳鼻咽喉科收治的8例咽后壁黏膜下异物,均有明确的误咽鱼刺史及明显的咽痛表现,经电子鼻咽喉镜检查咽喉腔内未见异物,行颈部CT检查后发现异物均位于咽后壁黏膜下,均经支撑喉镜成功取出。结果8例黏膜下异物均位于咽后壁软组织内,其中6例为大致平行咽后壁,2例垂直咽后壁。均经支撑喉镜下等离子切开咽后壁取出异物,7例位于咽后壁肌层内,1例位于黏膜层内,术后安置胃管1周鼻饲饮食,均痊愈出院。结论对于有明确误咽异物史并有典型咽痛的患者,经电子鼻咽喉镜检查未见腔内异物,需尽早行颈部CT检查明确是否有黏膜下异物,并综合薄层CT进行黏膜下异物的定位。支撑喉镜下等离子切开咽后壁软组织异物取出切实可行,今后如有更精准的定位咽后壁黏膜下异物的方法,将有助于缩短手术时间及减小创伤。

健脾升清利咽汤治疗脾胃虚弱型慢性咽炎患者的临床疗效及对其生活质量的影响

目的观察名中医刘大新教授采用健脾升清利咽汤治疗脾胃虚弱型慢性咽炎患者的疗效及对其生活质量的影响。方法选取2019年10月—2021年12月期间于北京中医药大学东方医院刘大新教授门诊就诊的脾胃虚弱型慢性咽炎患者80例,采用随机数字表法分为对照组和治疗组,每组各40例。对照组选用四君子汤治疗,治疗组则采用健脾升清利咽汤。治疗14 d后,观察比较两组患者临床疗效、不良反应情况,治疗前后临床症状、体征及生活质量评分。结果治疗后治疗组临床总有效率90.00%(36/40)明显高于对照组60.00%(24/40),差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。治疗7、14 d后两组患者咽干、咽痛、次要症状(咽异物感、咽痒、咳嗽、咯痰)、咽后壁黏膜、咽后壁淋巴滤泡增生及咽侧索粗厚评分均较治疗前降低,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);且治疗组临床症状、体征评分均明显低于对照组同期,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。治疗7、14 d后两组患者生活质量量表PF、RP、BP、GH、VT、SF、MH、RE评分均较治疗前升高,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);且治疗组生活质量量表(SF-36)评分明显高于对照组同期,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。治疗期间,两组患者均无不良事件发生。结论健脾升清利咽汤治疗脾胃虚弱型慢性咽炎能有效提高临床疗效,改善患者生活质量。

咽喉部手术大出血的救治体会

目的总结咽喉部手术后大出血的处理对策及救治体会。方法对2018年1月~2022年5月我院收治的11例咽喉部手术后大出血患者进行回顾性分析,总处理方法和经验。本组病中,7例为腭咽成形术后大出血,其中2例在局麻下电凝止血,2例在全麻下电凝后缝扎止血,另外3例采取舌骨上入路止血,预防性气管切开;3例会厌术后大出血,予以舌骨上入路止血,预防性气管切开;1例喉咽癌术后大出血,立即予以更换带气囊气管套管全麻行支撑喉镜下电凝止血,凡士林碘仿纱条填塞压迫3d后取出。结果11例患者经有效治疗均抢救成功,预后良好,出院后随访1个月未再出血。预防性气管切开患者术后3天至1个月全部拔除气管套管。结论咽喉部手术后出血为耳鼻咽喉头颈外科的严重急症之一,根据患者病情采取及时有效的处理方案可取得良好的救治效果。

儿童咽炎、扁桃体炎中西医结合诊治专家共识

咽炎、扁桃体炎是儿童期较常见的呼吸道感染性疾病,在春秋季节高发,可分为急性期及慢性期。急性期具有起病急,病情进展快等特点,严重者可出现声音嘶哑,甚至呼吸困难。慢性期因未得到良好的治疗导致病情迁延不愈。反复咽炎及扁桃体炎会导致儿童出现声音的改变。目前能够有效治疗儿童咽炎、扁桃体炎的西药较少,主要以抗生素类药物为主,中药用于清咽利喉的药物种类虽然很多,但西医儿科医生对中药的选择、辨证及应用尚不规范。因此,探讨儿童咽炎、扁桃体炎的中西医联合治疗尤为重要。本共识首先系统梳理了儿童咽炎、扁桃体炎的中西医认识;其次对其分期、病因及主要危险因素进行了论述;再次明确了其诊断标准;最后重点对儿童咽炎、扁桃体炎中西结合治疗原则、中西医治疗方法进行了详尽的阐述。本共识为中西医儿科医生,尤其是西医医生提供了中西医结合治疗思路,进一步规范了中西医药物的合理选择及应用。