基于Photo Sphere Viewer的轻量化可量测街景系统研究

随着新型基础测绘体系发展,测绘技术和装备不断升级,大量街景数据随着车载激光扫描工作一并被采集。针对该数据路线随机性大、密集程度高等特点,以及传统街景地图系统插件受限、扩展性不强、无法量测等局限,本文设计了基于Photo Sphere Viewer的轻量化可量测街景系统,在开源插件的基础上实现了对其组件的扩充、实现了行进方向、地图交互等系统功能的设计优化,进一步实现了基于深度图的街景地图量测功能。生产作业队伍对系统的使用结果表明,该系统可以辅助生产作业队伍进行属性采集、纹理更新、数据检查等多项工作,操作灵活便捷,且具有较强的可扩展性,便于基于生产需求进行改进调整,提高了生产效率,为新型基础测绘成果进一步深化应用提供了良好的借鉴作用。

Spinal intradural electrodes: opportunities, challenges and translation to the clinic

Damage to the spinal cord disrupts the electrically active nerve cells which normally transmit afferent and efferent signals,resulting in loss of motor,sensory,and autonomic functions.Potential treatments for spinal cord injury utilizing implanted spinal electrodes can be broadly classified into three different categories.The first of these approaches is“spinal stimulation”where electrodes,usually positioned above the level of injury,provide electrical stimulation to target and disrupt pain signals before they reach the brain.The second approach uses“activity-dependent neuro-technologies”,in which electrodes positioned below the level of injury initiate a complex spatiotemporal pattern of stimulation at the lumbar spinal cord to generate a walking gait in the limbs(Minev et al.,2015;Wagner et al.,2018).

Flexible capacitive pressure sensor based on interdigital electrodes with porous microneedle arrays for physiological signal monitoring

Flexible pressure sensors have many potential applications in the monitoring of physiological signals because of their good biocompatibil-ity and wearability.However,their relatively low sensitivity,linearity,and stability have hindered their large-scale commercial application.Herein,aflexible capacitive pressure sensor based on an interdigital electrode structure with two porous microneedle arrays(MNAs)is pro-posed.The porous substrate that constitutes the MNA is a mixed product of polydimethylsiloxane and NaHCO3.Due to its porous and interdigital structure,the maximum sensitivity(0.07 kPa-1)of a porous MNA-based pressure sensor was found to be seven times higher than that of an imporous MNA pressure sensor,and it was much greater than that of aflat pressure sensor without a porous MNA structure.Finite-element analysis showed that the interdigital MNA structure can greatly increase the strain and improve the sensitivity of the sen-sor.In addition,the porous MNA-based pressure sensor was found to have good stability over 1500 loading cycles as a result of its bilayer parylene-enhanced conductive electrode structure.Most importantly,it was found that the sensor could accurately monitor the motion of afinger,wrist joint,arm,face,abdomen,eye,and Adam’s apple.Furthermore,preliminary semantic recognition was achieved by monitoring the movement of the Adam’s apple.Finally,multiple pressure sensors were integrated into a 33 array to detect a spatial pressure distribu-×tion.Compared to the sensors reported in previous works,the interdigital electrode structure presented in this work improves sensitivity and stability by modifying the electrode layer rather than the dielectric layer.

Ionic Liquid-Enhanced Assembly of Nanomaterials for Highly Stable Flexible Transparent Electrodes

The controlled assembly of nanomaterials has demon-strated significant potential in advancing technological devices.However,achieving highly efficient and low-loss assembly technique for nanomate-rials,enabling the creation of hierarchical structures with distinctive func-tionalities,remains a formidable challenge.Here,we present a method for nanomaterial assembly enhanced by ionic liquids,which enables the fabrication of highly stable,flexible,and transparent electrodes featuring an organized layered structure.The utilization of hydrophobic and non-volatile ionic liquids facilitates the production of stable interfaces with water,effectively preventing the sedimentation of 1D/2D nanomaterials assembled at the interface.Furthermore,the interfacially assembled nanomaterial monolayer exhibits an alternate self-climbing behavior,enabling layer-by-layer transfer and the formation of a well-ordered MXene-wrapped silver nanowire network film.The resulting composite film not only demonstrates exceptional photoelectric performance with a sheet resistance of 9.4Ωsq^(-1) and 93%transmittance,but also showcases remarkable environmental stability and mechanical flexibility.Particularly noteworthy is its application in transparent electromagnetic interference shielding materials and triboelectric nanogenerator devices.This research introduces an innovative approach to manufacture and tailor functional devices based on ordered nanomaterials.

Probing the electric double layer structure at nitrogen-doped graphite electrodes by constant-potential molecular dynamics simulations

Electric double layer(EDL)is a critical topic in electrochemistry and largely determines the working performance of lithium batteries.However,atomic insights into the EDL structures on heteroatom-modified graphite anodes and EDL evolution with electrode potential are very lacking.Herein,a constant-potential molecular dynamics(CPMD)method is proposed to probe the EDL structure under working conditions,taking N-doped graphite electrodes and carbonate electrolytes as an example.An interface model was developed,incorporating the electrode potential and atom electronegativities.As a result,an insightful atomic scenario for the EDL structure under varied electrode potentials has been established,which unveils the important role of doping sites in regulating both the EDL structures and the following electrochemical reactions at the atomic level.Specifically,the negatively charged N atoms repel the anions and adsorb Li~+at high and low potentials,respectively.Such preferential adsorption suggests that Ndoped graphite can promote Li~+desolvation and regulate the location of Li~+deposition.This CPMD method not only unveils the mysterious function of N-doping from the viewpoint of EDL at the atomic level but also applies to probe the interfacial structure on other complicated electrodes.

High energy density in ultra-thick and flexible electrodes enabled by designed conductive agent/binder composite

Thick electrodes can increase incorporation of active electrode materials by diminishing the proportion of inactive constituents,improving the overall energy density of batteries.However,thick electrodes fabricated using the conventional slurry casting approach frequently exhibit an exacerbated accumulation of carbon additives and binders on their surfaces,invariably leading to compromised electrochemical properties.In this study,we introduce a designed conductive agent/binder composite synthesized from carbon nanotube and polytetrafluoroethylene.This agent/binder composite facilitates production of dry-process-prepared ultra-thick electrodes endowed with a three-dimensional and uniformly distributed percolative architecture,ensuring superior electronic conductivity and remarkable mechanical resilience.Using this approach,ultra-thick LiCoO_(2)(LCO) electrodes demonstrated superior cycling performance and rate capabilities,registering an impressive loading capacity of up to 101.4 mg/cm^(2),signifying a 242% increase in battery energy density.In another analytical endeavor,time-of-flight secondary ion mass spectroscopy was used to clarify the distribution of cathode electrolyte interphase(CEI) in cycled LCO electrodes.The results provide unprecedented evidence explaining the intricate correlation between CEI generation and carbon distribution,highlighting the intrinsic advantages of the proposed dry-process approach in fine-tu ning the CEI,with excellent cycling performance in batteries equipped with ultra-thick electrodes.

Recent progress of self-supported air electrodes for flexible Zn-air batteries

Smart wearable devices are regarded to be the next prevailing technology product after smartphones and smart homes,and thus there has recently been rapid development in flexible electronic energy storage devices.Among them,flexible solid-state zinc-air batteries have received widespread attention because of their high energy density,good safety,and stability.Efficient bifunctional oxygen electrocatalysts are the primary consideration in the development of flexible solid-state zinc-air batteries,and self-supported air cathodes are strong candidates because of their advantages including simplified fabrication process,reduced interfacial resistance,accelerated electron transfer,and good flexibility.This review outlines the research progress in the design and construction of nanoarray bifunctional oxygen electrocatalysts.Starting from the configuration and basic principles of zinc-air batteries and the strategies for the design of bifunctional oxygen electrocatalysts,a detailed discussion of self-supported air cathodes on carbon and metal substrates and their uses in flexible zinc-air batteries will follow.Finally,the challenges and opportunities in the development of flexible zinc-air batteries will be discussed.

A high Li-ion diffusion kinetics in multidimensional and compact-structured electrodes via vacuum filtration casting

Manufacturing process,diffusion co-efficient and areal capacity are the three main criteria for regulating thick electrodes for lithium-ion batteries(LIBs).However,simultaneously regulating these criteria for LIBs is desirable but remains a significant challenge.In this work,niobium pentoxide(Nb_(2)O_(5))anode and lithium iron phosphate(LiFePO_(4))cathode materials were chosen as the model materials and demonstrate that these three parameters can be simultaneously modulated by incorporation of micro-carbon fibers(MCF)and carbon nanotubes(CNT)with both Nb_(2)O_(5) and LFP via vacuum filtration approach.Both as-prepared MNC-20 anode and MLC-20 cathode achieves high reversible areal capacity of≈5.4 m A h cm^(-2)@0.1 C and outstanding Li-ion diffusion coefficients of≈10~(-8)cm~2 s~(-1)in the half-cell configuration.The assembled MNC-20‖MLC-20 full cell LIB delivers maximum energy and power densities of244.04 W h kg^(-1)and 108.86 W kg^(-1),respectively.The excellent electrochemical properties of the asprepared thick electrodes can be attributed to the highly conductive,mechanical compactness and multidimensional mutual effects of the MCF,CNT and active materials that facilitates rapid Li-ion diffusion kinetics.Furthermore,electrochemical impedance spectroscopy(EIS),symmetric cells analysis,and insitu Raman techniques clearly validates the enhanced Li-ion diffusion kinetics in the present architecture.

Novel Perovskite Oxide Hybrid Nanofibers Embedded with Nanocatalysts for Highly Efficient and Durable Electrodes in Direct CO_(2) Electrolysis

The unique characteristics of nanofibers in rational electrode design enable effec-tive utilization and maximizing material properties for achieving highly efficient and sustainable CO_(2) reduction reactions( CO_(2)RRs)in solid oxide elec-trolysis cells(SOECs).However,practical appli-cation of nanofiber-based electrodes faces chal-lenges in establishing sufficient interfacial contact and adhesion with the dense electrolyte.To tackle this challenge,a novel hybrid nanofiber electrode,La_(0.6)Sr_(0.4)Co_(0.15)Fe_(0.8)Pd_(0.05)O_(3-δ)(H-LSCFP),is developed by strategically incorporating low aspect ratio crushed LSCFP nanofibers into the excess porous interspace of a high aspect ratio LSCFP nanofiber framework synthesized via electrospinning technique.After consecutive treatment in 100% H_(2) and CO_(2) at 700°C,LSCFP nanofibers form a perovskite phase with in situ exsolved Co metal nanocatalysts and a high concentration of oxygen species on the surface,enhancing CO_(2) adsorption.The SOEC with the H-LSCFP electrode yielded an outstanding current density of 2.2 A cm^(-2) in CO_(2) at 800°C and 1.5 V,setting a new benchmark among reported nanofiber-based electrodes.Digital twinning of the H-LSCFP reveals improved contact adhesion and increased reaction sites for CO_(2)RR.The present work demonstrates a highly catalytically active and robust nanofiber-based fuel electrode with a hybrid structure,paving the way for further advancements and nanofiber applications in CO_(2)-SOECs.

Showcasing BRI’s Benefits Photo exhibition gives visual credence to the Belt and Road Initiative’s positive impact in Africa

Farmer Samuel Kisilu,aged 45,has been a resident of Nairobi for many years and seen Kenya undergo a variety of economic transformations since the 1980s.

PHOTOELECTROCHEMICAL STUDY OF PASSIVE LAYERS ON COPPER ELECTRODES IN SOME ALKALINE MEDIA

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Current advancements on charge selective contact interfacial layers and electrodes in flexible hybrid perovskite photovoltaics

Perovskite-based photovoltaic materials have been attracting attention for their strikingly improved performance at converting sunlight into electricity.The beneficial and unique optoelectronic characteristics of perovskite structures enable researchers to achieve an incredibly remarkable power conversion efficiency.Flexible hybrid perovskite photovoltaics promise emerging applications in a myriad of optoelectronic and wearable/portable device applications owing to their inherent intriguing physicochemical and photophysical properties which enabled researchers to take forward advanced research in this growing field.Flexible perovskite photovoltaics have attracted significant attention owing to their fascinating material properties with combined merits of high efficiency,light-weight,flexibility,semitransparency,compatibility towards roll-to-roll printing,and large-area mass-scale production.Flexible perovskite-based solar cells comprise of 4 key components that include a flexible substrate,semi-transparent bottom contact electrode,perovskite(light absorber layer)and charge transport(electron/hole)layers and top(usually metal)electrode.Among these components,interfacial layers and contact electrodes play a pivotal role in influencing the overall photovoltaic performance.In this comprehensive review article,we focus on the current developments and latest progress achieved in perovskite photovoltaics concerning the charge selective transport layers/electrodes toward the fabrication of highly stable,efficient flexible devices.As a concluding remark,we briefly summarize the highlights of the review article and make recommendations for future outlook and investigation with perspectives on the perovskite-based optoelectronic functional devices that can be potentially utilized in smart wearable and portable devices.

Photovoltaic Properties of the Modified n-Si(111) Electrodes with Ethyl and Carboxyls

n-Si（111） surface tailed -C2H5, -C2H4COOH, -C2H2COOH were prepared by the reactions among Si-H to ethyl-Grignard, methyl acrylate and ethyl propionate, and the carboxyls were formed under the existence of trifluoroacetic acid. The composite n-Si（111） electrodes were obtained by depositing Pt nanodots and the photovoltaic characteristics for these electrodes were studied in I^-/I3^- redox electrolyte. The j-U （photo current density-potential） behaviors of photo-voltage and photocurrent densities to the electrodes under solar illumination varied regularly with groups of -C2H2COOH〉-C2H4COOH〉-H〉-C2H5. The photo-voltage and photocurrent density of the electrode tailed -C2 H2COOH were -0.641 V and 5.25 mA/cm^2, respectively, more negative than those of the non-conjugated modification.

Photoreduction Behaviors of Micropcroxidase-11 Adsorbed on the Roughened Silver Electrodes

It was found that microperoxidase-11 (MP-if) can undergo photoreduction at the bareroughened silver electrode. No photoreduction happens at the roughened silver electrodemodified with mercaptoundecanoic carboxylic acid/poly-lysine. The photoreduction mechanismis discussed.

Enhancing Hydrophilicity of Thick Electrodes for High Energy Density Aqueous Batteries

Thick electrodes can substantially enhance the overall energy density of batteries.However,insufficient wettability of aqueous electrolytes toward electrodes with conventional hydrophobic binders severely limits utilization of active materials with increasing the thickness of electrodes for aqueous batteries,resulting in battery performance deterioration with a reduced capacity.Here,we demonstrate that controlling the hydrophilicity of the thicker electrodes is critical to enhancing the overall energy density of batteries.Hydrophilic binders are synthesized via a simple sulfonation process of conventional polyvinylidene fluoride binders,considering physicochemical properties such as mechanical properties and adhesion.The introduction of abundant sulfonate groups of binders(i)allows fast and sufficient electrolyte wetting,and(ii)improves ionic conduction in thick electrodes,enabling a significant increase in reversible capacities under various current densities.Further,the sulfonated binder effectively inhibits the dissolution of cathode materials in reactive aqueous electrolytes.Overall,our findings significantly enhance the energy density and contribute to the development of practical zinc-ion batteries.

Photoelectrochemical CO_(2) electrolyzers: From photoelectrode fabrication to reactor configuration

The photoelectrochemical conversion of CO_(2) into value-added products emerges as an attractive approach to alleviate climate change. One of the main challenges in deploying this technology is, however, the development and optimization of(photo)electrodes and photoelectrolyzers. This review focuses on the fabrication processes, structure, and characterization of(photo)electrodes, covering a wide range of fabrication techniques, from rudimentary to automated fabrication processes. The work also highlights the most relevant features of(photo)electrodes, with special emphasis on how to measure and optimize them. Finally, the review analyses the integration of(photo)electrodes in different photoelectrolyzer architectures, analyzing the most recent research work that comprises photocathode, photoanode,photocathode-photoanode, and tandem photoelectrolyzer configurations to ideally achieve self-sustained CO_(2) conversion systems. Overall, comprehensive guidelines are provided for future advancements in developing effective devices for CO_(2) conversion, bridging the gap towards the use of sunlight as the unique energy input and practical applications.

Photoelectrochemical Character of TiO_2 Nanocrystalline Electrodes Sensitized by Aluminum Phthalocyanines Modified with Sulfonate Groups

Particular kinds of TiO2 nanocrystalline electrodes were sensitized by aluminum phthalocyanines modified with sulfonate groups [ Al（OH） PcSm ]. It was found that in the red region, the electrodes show obvious photoelectrical responses. The surface photovoltage spectra and photocurrent action spectra indicate that in the red region, the monomers of aluminum phthalocyanines have a greater influence on the determination of the photoelectrical response of TiO2 electrodes than the dimers. The dye-sensitized solar cells were obtained by using the aluminum phthalocyaninessensitized TiO2 electrodes and Pt electrodes, which have an open circuit photovoltage of 360 mV, a short circuit photocurrent of 39. 4 μA/cm^2 , a fill factor of 0. 54 and a maximum power output of 7.65 μW/cm^2 under a light intensity of 50 mW/cm^2.

Photoelectrocatalytic properties and reactivity of Ti/Au-TiO_2 mesh electrodes

A kind of photoelectrode was innovated by anodising titanium mesh in H 2SO 4 solution and photo reduced in HAuCl 4 solution and named Ti/Au TiO 2 mesh electrode. The structural and surface morphology of the Ti/Au TiO 2 mesh was examined by X ray diffraction, laser Raman spectra, scanning electronic microscopy(SEM) and X ray photoelectron spectroscopy respectively. The results indicate that its crystal structure, morphology and the size of pore are affected greatly by gold deposition. XPS measurement shows that the valence band of Ti/TiO 2 has two peaks: a wide one at 4.97 eV and a narrow one at 6.61 eV, which correspond mainly to π(nonbonding) and σ (bonding) O 2p orbitals. The emission intensity of O 2p orbitals becomes stronger and the width of the valence band increases with the increase of Au content. And the emission of nonbonding shifts toward lower binding energy and that of bonding O 2p orbitals shifts toward higher binding energy. The photoelectrocatalytic(PEC) oxidation of humic acid(HA) was investigated in terms of TOC. The PEC oxidation efficiency of Ti/Au TiO 2 mesh with optimal content of gold is higher than that of Ti/TiO 2 mesh. It is suggested that the recombination of electrons and holes is hindered owing to gold deposition. The investigation shows that PEC oxidation is a convenient way to mineralize organic matter for water treatment.

Boosting Pseudocapacitive Behavior of Supercapattery Electrodes by Incorporating a Schottky Junction for Ultrahigh Energy Density

Pseudo-capacitive negative electrodes remain a major bottleneck in the development of supercapacitor devices with high energy density because the electric double-layer capacitance of the negative electrodes does not match the pseudocapacitance of the corresponding positive electrodes.In the present study,a strategically improved Ni-Co-Mo sulfide is demonstrated to be a promising candidate for high energy density supercapattery devices due to its sustained pseudocapacitive charge storage mechanism.The pseudocapacitive behavior is enhanced when operating under a high current through the addition of a classical Schottky junction next to the electrode-electrolyte interface using atomic layer deposition.The Schottky junction accelerates and decelerates the diffusion of OH-/K+ions during the charging and discharging processes,respectively,to improve the pseudocapacitive behavior.The resulting pseudocapacitive negative electrodes exhibits a specific capacity of 2,114 C g^(-1)at 2 A g^(-1)matches almost that of the positive electrode’s 2,795 C g^(-1)at 3 A g^(-1).As a result,with the equivalent contribution from the positive and negative electrodes,an energy density of 236.1 Wh kg^(-1)is achieved at a power density of 921.9 W kg^(-1)with a total active mass of 15 mg cm-2.This strategy demonstrates the possibility of producing supercapacitors that adapt well to the supercapattery zone of a Ragone plot and that are equal to batteries in terms of energy density,thus,offering a route for further advances in electrochemical energy storage and conversion processes.

Recent advances in nanofiber-based flexible transparent electrodes

Flexible and stretchable transparent electrodes are widely used in smart display,energy,wearable devices and other fields.Due to the limitations of flexibility and stretchability of indium tin oxide electrodes,alternative electrodes have appeared,such as metal films,metal nanowires,and conductive meshes.However,few of the above electrodes can simultaneously have excellent flexibility,stretchability,and optoelectronic properties.Nanofiber(NF),a continuous ultra-long one-dimensional conductive material,is considered to be one of the ideal materials for high-performance transparent electrodes with excellent properties due to its unique structure.This paper summarizes the important research progress of NF flexible transparent electrodes(FTEs)in recent years from the aspects of NF electrode materials,preparation technology and application.First,the unique advantages and limitations of various NF materials are systematically discussed.Then,we summarize the preparation technology of various advanced NF FTEs,and point out the future development trend.We also discuss the application of NFs in solar cells,supercapacitors,electric heating equipments,sensors,etc,and analyze its development potential in flexible electronic equipment,as well as problems that need to be solved.Finally,the challenges and future development trends are proposed in the wide application of NF FTEs in the field of flexible optoelectronics.