Surgical site infections (SSIs) are recognized as a common surgical complication, occurring in about 2% - 5% of all surgical procedures. For this reason, it is the second most common nosocomial infection, representing...Surgical site infections (SSIs) are recognized as a common surgical complication, occurring in about 2% - 5% of all surgical procedures. For this reason, it is the second most common nosocomial infection, representing the 19.6% of all infections observed in hospitalized patients and 38% of those observed among surgical patients. Among SSIs prevention strategies, surveillance has been proved to be very incisive. The most recent surveillance study carried out at a national level in Italy is SNICh protocol (National Surveillance System of Surgical Site Infections), which analyses data received from 127 Italian hospitals, from the 2009 to 2011 and the entire 2013. The only application of a surveillance strategy, observing the recommended prophylaxis protocols, brought to a reduction of SSIs: their incidence has been shown to be comparable to European or American one. Furthermore, recent studies have brought strong evidence that the development of new devices, such as dressings impregnated with silver nanoparticles or triclosan-coated sutures, is strongly connected with the reduction of incidence of SSIs. In conclusion, if common preventive techniques were applied to all surgical procedures performed in the country, about 14,000 SSIs per year could be avoided with a possible savings after three years between 50 million and EUR 175 million euro.展开更多
Because of good clinical performance and low cost,silk braided surgical suture becomes one of excellent and widely used sutures. But as a kind of natural protein fiber,silk easily trends to microbial infection. Beyond...Because of good clinical performance and low cost,silk braided surgical suture becomes one of excellent and widely used sutures. But as a kind of natural protein fiber,silk easily trends to microbial infection. Beyond that,braided structure may increase the risk of hide of bacteria. Hence,the project of this study is to develop a novel antibacterial silk braided suture. Silk braided sutures were treated with antimicrobial solution which added antimicrobial agent4-quinolones into 5% polycaprolactone( PCL) solution. Then sutures were tested for in vitro efficacy against Staphylococcus aureus(S. aureus) and Escherichia coli(E. coli) by a zone of inhibition assay,and sustained efficacy assay,release of antibacterial agent,SEM photographs against S. aureus. Treated sutures exhibited distinct zones of inhibition against S. aureus and E. coli. They also kept antimicrobial property against S. aureus for 7 d,which were almost equal with coated VICRYL*Plus sutures. The highest release concentration of treated suture was 1. 53 mg /L,which was lower than Cmaxof 4-quinolones,proved the safety of antibacterial silk suture. SEM photographs gave both the change of the surface and different bacteria growth situations on the surface before and after treating.展开更多
Biological particles in the operating room(OR)air environment can cause surgical site infections(SSIs).Various ventilation systems have been employed in ORs to ensure an ultraclean environment.However,the effect of di...Biological particles in the operating room(OR)air environment can cause surgical site infections(SSIs).Various ventilation systems have been employed in ORs to ensure an ultraclean environment.However,the effect of different ventilation systems on the control of bacteria-carrying particles(BCPs)released from the surgical staff during surgery is unclear.In this study,the performance of four different ventilation systems(vertical laminar airflow ventilation(VLAF),horizontal laminar airflow ventilation(HLAP),differential vertical airflow ventilation(DVAF),and temperature-controlled airflow ventilation(TAF))used in an OR was evaluated and compared based on the spatial BCP concentration.The airflow field in the OR was solved by the Renormalization Group(RNG)k-e turbulence model,and the BCP phase was calculated by Lagrangian particle tracking(LPT)and the discrete random walk(DRW)model.It was found that the TAF system was the most effective ventilation system among the four ventilation systems for ensuring air cleanliness in the operating area.This study also indicated that air cleanliness in the operating area depended not only on the airflow rate of the ventilation system but also on the airflow distribution,which was greatly affected by obstacles such as surgical lamps and surgical staff.展开更多
文摘Surgical site infections (SSIs) are recognized as a common surgical complication, occurring in about 2% - 5% of all surgical procedures. For this reason, it is the second most common nosocomial infection, representing the 19.6% of all infections observed in hospitalized patients and 38% of those observed among surgical patients. Among SSIs prevention strategies, surveillance has been proved to be very incisive. The most recent surveillance study carried out at a national level in Italy is SNICh protocol (National Surveillance System of Surgical Site Infections), which analyses data received from 127 Italian hospitals, from the 2009 to 2011 and the entire 2013. The only application of a surveillance strategy, observing the recommended prophylaxis protocols, brought to a reduction of SSIs: their incidence has been shown to be comparable to European or American one. Furthermore, recent studies have brought strong evidence that the development of new devices, such as dressings impregnated with silver nanoparticles or triclosan-coated sutures, is strongly connected with the reduction of incidence of SSIs. In conclusion, if common preventive techniques were applied to all surgical procedures performed in the country, about 14,000 SSIs per year could be avoided with a possible savings after three years between 50 million and EUR 175 million euro.
文摘Because of good clinical performance and low cost,silk braided surgical suture becomes one of excellent and widely used sutures. But as a kind of natural protein fiber,silk easily trends to microbial infection. Beyond that,braided structure may increase the risk of hide of bacteria. Hence,the project of this study is to develop a novel antibacterial silk braided suture. Silk braided sutures were treated with antimicrobial solution which added antimicrobial agent4-quinolones into 5% polycaprolactone( PCL) solution. Then sutures were tested for in vitro efficacy against Staphylococcus aureus(S. aureus) and Escherichia coli(E. coli) by a zone of inhibition assay,and sustained efficacy assay,release of antibacterial agent,SEM photographs against S. aureus. Treated sutures exhibited distinct zones of inhibition against S. aureus and E. coli. They also kept antimicrobial property against S. aureus for 7 d,which were almost equal with coated VICRYL*Plus sutures. The highest release concentration of treated suture was 1. 53 mg /L,which was lower than Cmaxof 4-quinolones,proved the safety of antibacterial silk suture. SEM photographs gave both the change of the surface and different bacteria growth situations on the surface before and after treating.
基金by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.41977368 and 51708211)the National Science and Technology Ministry of China(No.2017YFC0702800)+2 种基金the Opening Funds of State Key Laboratory of Building Safety and Built Environment National Engineering Research Center of Building Technology(No.BSBE2017-08)Natural Science Foundation of Hebei Province(No.E2017502051)the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities(Nos.2018MS103 and 2020YJ007).
文摘Biological particles in the operating room(OR)air environment can cause surgical site infections(SSIs).Various ventilation systems have been employed in ORs to ensure an ultraclean environment.However,the effect of different ventilation systems on the control of bacteria-carrying particles(BCPs)released from the surgical staff during surgery is unclear.In this study,the performance of four different ventilation systems(vertical laminar airflow ventilation(VLAF),horizontal laminar airflow ventilation(HLAP),differential vertical airflow ventilation(DVAF),and temperature-controlled airflow ventilation(TAF))used in an OR was evaluated and compared based on the spatial BCP concentration.The airflow field in the OR was solved by the Renormalization Group(RNG)k-e turbulence model,and the BCP phase was calculated by Lagrangian particle tracking(LPT)and the discrete random walk(DRW)model.It was found that the TAF system was the most effective ventilation system among the four ventilation systems for ensuring air cleanliness in the operating area.This study also indicated that air cleanliness in the operating area depended not only on the airflow rate of the ventilation system but also on the airflow distribution,which was greatly affected by obstacles such as surgical lamps and surgical staff.
