Background: Congenital anomalies of the kidney and urinary tract (CAKUT) are a well-documented risk factor for the development of urinary tract infection (UTI) in children. Prevention of UTI in this group of patients ...Background: Congenital anomalies of the kidney and urinary tract (CAKUT) are a well-documented risk factor for the development of urinary tract infection (UTI) in children. Prevention of UTI in this group of patients is advocated due to their increased risk of renal scarring, hypertension and end stage kidney failure. Methods: A 10-year retrospective review of CAKUT patients at the Johannesburg Academic Hospital, who were placed on prophylactic antibiotics over a certain period was done. The rate of UTI, the types of causative organisms isolated and the efficacy of prophylactic antibiotics in preventing UTI were documented. Results: Thirty-six (36) out of 134 patients had been started on prophylactic antibiotics after the diagnosis of CAKUT was made. There was a statistically significant association between the use of prophylactic antibiotics and the rate of UTI (p Conclusion: Antibiotic prophylaxis was very effective in decreasing the rate of UTI in our cohort of patients with CAKUT.展开更多
Urinary tract infections remain the most common bacterial infection in human population. They are also one of the most frequently occurring nosocomial infections, representing about 40% of all nosocomial bacterial inf...Urinary tract infections remain the most common bacterial infection in human population. They are also one of the most frequently occurring nosocomial infections, representing about 40% of all nosocomial bacterial infections world widely and associated with important medical and financial implications. This retrospective study aimed to establish the bacterial profile of UTIs in Benin. Therefore, reported data were collected from 2003 to 2012 at Menontin’s Hospital in Cotonou and subjected to analyses. At the end of the study, fourteen different bacteria species were found to be associated with UTI cases in Benin. Escherichia coli was the most prevalent followed by Staphylococcus aureus. Results of the current study are helpful to the health care community of Benin in establishing the appropriate antibiotherapy for UTI patients’ treatment with respect organisms into circulation.展开更多
为了解决虚拟网络映射光路太长和频谱碎片化的问题,论文提出一种基于邻居链路碎片感知的虚拟网络映射算法(Virtual Optical Network Embedding based on Adjacency Link Fragmentation Awareness, ALFA-VONE).设计考虑虚拟节点资源需求...为了解决虚拟网络映射光路太长和频谱碎片化的问题,论文提出一种基于邻居链路碎片感知的虚拟网络映射算法(Virtual Optical Network Embedding based on Adjacency Link Fragmentation Awareness, ALFA-VONE).设计考虑虚拟节点资源需求和邻居节点映射状态的权值计算方法,提高虚拟节点映射的成功率;使用相邻虚拟节点-虚拟链路协同映射方法,缩短映射光路长度和减少所需频隙数目;设计光路可用资源评估方法,以提高虚拟链路映射成功率;考虑拟分配频谱块对光路以及邻居链路造成的频谱碎片影响,设计频谱碎片影响值评估法,以提高频谱资源利用率.仿真结果表明:当网络负载为130 Erlang时,所设计算法的平均映射光路跳数减少28.4%,带宽利用率提高4.56%.展开更多
Background: Urinary Tract Infection (UTI) detected in the hospital and in the community is one of the most common reasons for consultation in everyday practice;it represents a major source of antibiotic consumption. T...Background: Urinary Tract Infection (UTI) detected in the hospital and in the community is one of the most common reasons for consultation in everyday practice;it represents a major source of antibiotic consumption. This study’s objectives were to outline the microbiological profile of Tunisian patients with UTI and assess antibiotic resistance over the course of three years at the Orthopedic Institute. Methods: All strains identified in urine samples between January 1st, 2019, and December 31st, 2021, were included. Standard laboratory procedures were used to identify the bacterium. The Microscan Walkway 40 Plus was used to do biochemical assays and antibiotic susceptibility testing. The EUCAST criteria were used to interpret the findings. Results: A total of 1313 strains were isolated. The bacteriological study showed the predominance of enterobacteria (96.8%), especially E. coli (52.2%) and K. pneumoniae (19.3%). Overall resistance rates to antimicrobial agents were as follows: for hospital, E. coli strains were in descending order amoxicillin (73.05%), trimeth/sulfamethoxazole (46.9%), ofloxacin (40.3%), amoxicillin/clavulanic acid (35.05%) and gentamicin (20.5%). Our results showed low resistance to fosfomycin for E. coli 2.6% in hospitals while ≥12.1% for K. pneumoniae. Amikacin resistance remains medium-low for E. coli being ≥20% and 10% for K. pneumonia. Nitrofuran resistance has affected 1.06% of E. coli strains in hospital settings and 21.5% of K. pneumoniae. Extended Spectrum Beta-Lactamases (ESBLs) production was present in a number of enterobacteria (19.3% of K. pneumoniae and 14.4% of E. coli). Conclusion: The prevalence of E. coli and K. pneumoniae producers ESBLs in UTI is increasing. Rigorous surveillance of resistance rate is necessary to determine appropriate empirical treatment and limit the spread of multiresistant strains.展开更多
Background: Urinary tract infection (UTI) is a severe public health issue that affects a wide range of people around the world with Klebsiella pneumoniae accounting for up to 25% of all urinary tract infections. The h...Background: Urinary tract infection (UTI) is a severe public health issue that affects a wide range of people around the world with Klebsiella pneumoniae accounting for up to 25% of all urinary tract infections. The higher rate of UTI associated with uropathogenic Klebsiella species has been associated with the emergence of hypervirulent and antibiotic-resistant strains facilitated by the misuse and overuse of antibiotics as well as other sociodemographic and behavioural practices of susceptible individuals. This study was aimed at investigating the prevalence and associated risk factors of uropathogenic Klebsiella species in Port Harcourt, Nigeria. Methodology: The study employed a descriptive cross-sectional study design comprising 300 subjects clinically suspected of having urinary tract infections attending the Rivers State University Medical Centre and the Rivers State University Teaching Hospital between March to August 2022. A standard urine culture procedure was used to ascertain significant bacteriuria after which Klebsiella colonies were isolated and identified using standard bacteriological techniques. The data generated from this study was represented as frequency and percentages, and inferential statistics were carried out using Chi-square with the aid of GraphPad Prism Software Version 9. Statistical significance was defined as a p-value of less than 0.05 at a 95% confidence interval. Result: The prevalence of uropathogenic Klebsiella sp. was 16%, with sex, pregnancy status, and religion of the individuals substantially linked (p p Klebsiella species. Conclusion: This study reports a relatively high prevalence of uropathogenic Klebsiella species at 16%, with the sex and pregnancy status of the subjects being significantly associated (p Klebsiella species in the current study. Health promotion and awareness efforts should be prioritised to inform susceptible demographics about their risks for urinary tract infections associated with uropathogenic Klebsiella species via targeted educational campaigns, collaboration with healthcare providers, use of social media and online platforms, workplace wellness programs, and community outreach programs amongst others. Antimicrobial susceptibility testing before prescriptions and treatment should be emphasized and upheld in all clinical settings.展开更多
文摘Background: Congenital anomalies of the kidney and urinary tract (CAKUT) are a well-documented risk factor for the development of urinary tract infection (UTI) in children. Prevention of UTI in this group of patients is advocated due to their increased risk of renal scarring, hypertension and end stage kidney failure. Methods: A 10-year retrospective review of CAKUT patients at the Johannesburg Academic Hospital, who were placed on prophylactic antibiotics over a certain period was done. The rate of UTI, the types of causative organisms isolated and the efficacy of prophylactic antibiotics in preventing UTI were documented. Results: Thirty-six (36) out of 134 patients had been started on prophylactic antibiotics after the diagnosis of CAKUT was made. There was a statistically significant association between the use of prophylactic antibiotics and the rate of UTI (p Conclusion: Antibiotic prophylaxis was very effective in decreasing the rate of UTI in our cohort of patients with CAKUT.
文摘Urinary tract infections remain the most common bacterial infection in human population. They are also one of the most frequently occurring nosocomial infections, representing about 40% of all nosocomial bacterial infections world widely and associated with important medical and financial implications. This retrospective study aimed to establish the bacterial profile of UTIs in Benin. Therefore, reported data were collected from 2003 to 2012 at Menontin’s Hospital in Cotonou and subjected to analyses. At the end of the study, fourteen different bacteria species were found to be associated with UTI cases in Benin. Escherichia coli was the most prevalent followed by Staphylococcus aureus. Results of the current study are helpful to the health care community of Benin in establishing the appropriate antibiotherapy for UTI patients’ treatment with respect organisms into circulation.
文摘为了解决虚拟网络映射光路太长和频谱碎片化的问题,论文提出一种基于邻居链路碎片感知的虚拟网络映射算法(Virtual Optical Network Embedding based on Adjacency Link Fragmentation Awareness, ALFA-VONE).设计考虑虚拟节点资源需求和邻居节点映射状态的权值计算方法,提高虚拟节点映射的成功率;使用相邻虚拟节点-虚拟链路协同映射方法,缩短映射光路长度和减少所需频隙数目;设计光路可用资源评估方法,以提高虚拟链路映射成功率;考虑拟分配频谱块对光路以及邻居链路造成的频谱碎片影响,设计频谱碎片影响值评估法,以提高频谱资源利用率.仿真结果表明:当网络负载为130 Erlang时,所设计算法的平均映射光路跳数减少28.4%,带宽利用率提高4.56%.
文摘Background: Urinary Tract Infection (UTI) detected in the hospital and in the community is one of the most common reasons for consultation in everyday practice;it represents a major source of antibiotic consumption. This study’s objectives were to outline the microbiological profile of Tunisian patients with UTI and assess antibiotic resistance over the course of three years at the Orthopedic Institute. Methods: All strains identified in urine samples between January 1st, 2019, and December 31st, 2021, were included. Standard laboratory procedures were used to identify the bacterium. The Microscan Walkway 40 Plus was used to do biochemical assays and antibiotic susceptibility testing. The EUCAST criteria were used to interpret the findings. Results: A total of 1313 strains were isolated. The bacteriological study showed the predominance of enterobacteria (96.8%), especially E. coli (52.2%) and K. pneumoniae (19.3%). Overall resistance rates to antimicrobial agents were as follows: for hospital, E. coli strains were in descending order amoxicillin (73.05%), trimeth/sulfamethoxazole (46.9%), ofloxacin (40.3%), amoxicillin/clavulanic acid (35.05%) and gentamicin (20.5%). Our results showed low resistance to fosfomycin for E. coli 2.6% in hospitals while ≥12.1% for K. pneumoniae. Amikacin resistance remains medium-low for E. coli being ≥20% and 10% for K. pneumonia. Nitrofuran resistance has affected 1.06% of E. coli strains in hospital settings and 21.5% of K. pneumoniae. Extended Spectrum Beta-Lactamases (ESBLs) production was present in a number of enterobacteria (19.3% of K. pneumoniae and 14.4% of E. coli). Conclusion: The prevalence of E. coli and K. pneumoniae producers ESBLs in UTI is increasing. Rigorous surveillance of resistance rate is necessary to determine appropriate empirical treatment and limit the spread of multiresistant strains.
文摘Background: Urinary tract infection (UTI) is a severe public health issue that affects a wide range of people around the world with Klebsiella pneumoniae accounting for up to 25% of all urinary tract infections. The higher rate of UTI associated with uropathogenic Klebsiella species has been associated with the emergence of hypervirulent and antibiotic-resistant strains facilitated by the misuse and overuse of antibiotics as well as other sociodemographic and behavioural practices of susceptible individuals. This study was aimed at investigating the prevalence and associated risk factors of uropathogenic Klebsiella species in Port Harcourt, Nigeria. Methodology: The study employed a descriptive cross-sectional study design comprising 300 subjects clinically suspected of having urinary tract infections attending the Rivers State University Medical Centre and the Rivers State University Teaching Hospital between March to August 2022. A standard urine culture procedure was used to ascertain significant bacteriuria after which Klebsiella colonies were isolated and identified using standard bacteriological techniques. The data generated from this study was represented as frequency and percentages, and inferential statistics were carried out using Chi-square with the aid of GraphPad Prism Software Version 9. Statistical significance was defined as a p-value of less than 0.05 at a 95% confidence interval. Result: The prevalence of uropathogenic Klebsiella sp. was 16%, with sex, pregnancy status, and religion of the individuals substantially linked (p p Klebsiella species. Conclusion: This study reports a relatively high prevalence of uropathogenic Klebsiella species at 16%, with the sex and pregnancy status of the subjects being significantly associated (p Klebsiella species in the current study. Health promotion and awareness efforts should be prioritised to inform susceptible demographics about their risks for urinary tract infections associated with uropathogenic Klebsiella species via targeted educational campaigns, collaboration with healthcare providers, use of social media and online platforms, workplace wellness programs, and community outreach programs amongst others. Antimicrobial susceptibility testing before prescriptions and treatment should be emphasized and upheld in all clinical settings.
