基于电压源型整流器(VSR)与电压源型逆变器(VSI)整合而成的VSR-VSI双PWM变换器已在电梯能量回馈系统中得到应用。本文围绕VSR-VSI系统的直流母线电压可控与能量可双向流动的特点,首先阐述了基于VSR-VSI电梯永磁同步电机驱动系统在dq坐...基于电压源型整流器(VSR)与电压源型逆变器(VSI)整合而成的VSR-VSI双PWM变换器已在电梯能量回馈系统中得到应用。本文围绕VSR-VSI系统的直流母线电压可控与能量可双向流动的特点,首先阐述了基于VSR-VSI电梯永磁同步电机驱动系统在dq坐标系下的PI双闭环控制结构与参数设计方法,分析了VSR-VSI系统直流母线电压与并网电流存在谐波畸变的机理,在此基础上提出了基于PI+谐振(PI plus resonant,PIR)调节器的VSR电流内环改进控制策略以抑制并网电流谐波,最后利用仿真结果验证了上述理论分析的准确性与有效性。展开更多
基于电压源逆变器(VSI)的静止无功发生器(SVG)直接应用PWM控制技术,具有动态无功功率补偿、稳定节点电压、阻尼系统振荡等多项先进功能,同时结构紧凑、易于控制、谐波含量小且功率密度大。先定义二值逻辑开关函数,再建立SVG在abc三相坐...基于电压源逆变器(VSI)的静止无功发生器(SVG)直接应用PWM控制技术,具有动态无功功率补偿、稳定节点电压、阻尼系统振荡等多项先进功能,同时结构紧凑、易于控制、谐波含量小且功率密度大。先定义二值逻辑开关函数,再建立SVG在abc三相坐标系下的四阶动态数学模型,然后利用坐标变换得到了αβ与dq坐标系下SVG的三阶动态数学模型。该模型可以详细描述SVG的动态工作过程。SVG在αβ坐标系下的模型中两电流分量不存在耦合,便于控制系统设计。α轴分量与β轴分量(或d轴分量与q轴分量)正好是有功电流分量与无功电流分量,从而有利于对SVG的瞬时有功功率与瞬时无功功率分别进行控制。应用MATLAB对采用滞环电流跟踪控制的±150 kVA SVG在感性负载与容性负载两种情况下进行了仿真研究,仿真结果验证了所建数学模型的准确性与正确性,同时证明了基于VSI的SVG具有良好的动态性能与静态补偿效果。展开更多
基于电压源逆变器(V S I)的静止无功发生器(SVG)直接应用PWM控制技术,具有结构紧凑、易于控制、谐波含量小以及功率密度大等优点。文中给出了基于三相V S I的6 kV/±200 kV.A PWM型SVG的主电路结构与参数,提出了一种SVG的直接功率...基于电压源逆变器(V S I)的静止无功发生器(SVG)直接应用PWM控制技术,具有结构紧凑、易于控制、谐波含量小以及功率密度大等优点。文中给出了基于三相V S I的6 kV/±200 kV.A PWM型SVG的主电路结构与参数,提出了一种SVG的直接功率控制方式。应用M ATLAB进行系统仿真,表明基于V S I的PWM型SVG具有良好的动态性能与静态补偿效果,验证了主电路与直接功率控制方式的正确性、优越性与有效性。展开更多
Peri-urban areas are playing an increasingly crucial role in the agricultural development and intensification in Indonesia.Peri-urban agriculture is highly vulnerable to change compared with urban and rural agricultur...Peri-urban areas are playing an increasingly crucial role in the agricultural development and intensification in Indonesia.Peri-urban agriculture is highly vulnerable to change compared with urban and rural agriculture,due to its location in transitional areas.Indicators of peri-urban agricultural intensity can help guide regional development.In this study,we assessed the sustainability of peri-urban areas based on agricultural intensity in Karawang Regency,Indonesia.We developed a village-based index to assess the region’s agricultural intensity by rescaling the village agriculture index(VAI)and combining the local sustainability index(LSI)with factor analysis.Since the unit of analysis is the village,we modified the LSI to the village sustainability index(VSI).In addition,we also developed a logical matrix analysis to determine the level of agricultural sustainability(LoAS)of each village.The combined results of the three indices(VAI,VSI,and LoAS)generated information about agricultural sustainability.The results indicated that peri-urban villages with high agricultural intensity tended to exhibit low levels of social welfare,economic development,and disaster risk.Moreover,high agricultural intensity did not necessarily ensure the prosperity of the people.Instead,there was the economic disparity among the villages in the study area.Encouraging diversity of agricultural intensity seems to be more critical than promoting agricultural intensity itself.Overall,this study highlights the distinctive characteristics and dynamic of peri-urban areas.New approaches,variables,and information regarding the combination of agricultural intensity and sustainability need to be developed as valuable tools for regional planning.展开更多
VSI Q控制图可以解决经典休哈特控制图在样本数据缺乏的情况下不能应用的问题,并且可以加快检出速度。具体方法是将样本数据转换成服从标准正态分布的统计数据,再利用可变抽样区间技术确定抽样间隔时间。应用研究证明,VSI Q控制图在缺...VSI Q控制图可以解决经典休哈特控制图在样本数据缺乏的情况下不能应用的问题,并且可以加快检出速度。具体方法是将样本数据转换成服从标准正态分布的统计数据,再利用可变抽样区间技术确定抽样间隔时间。应用研究证明,VSI Q控制图在缺乏样本数据时也能用于监控生产过程,快速检测出异常。展开更多
Ecosystem responses to climate change,particularly in arid environments,is an understudied topic.This study conducted a spatial analysis of ecosystem responses to short-term variability in temperature,precipitation,an...Ecosystem responses to climate change,particularly in arid environments,is an understudied topic.This study conducted a spatial analysis of ecosystem responses to short-term variability in temperature,precipitation,and solar radiation in the Qilian Mountains National Park,an arid mountainous region in Northwest China.We collected precipitation and temperature data from the National Science and Technology Infrastructure Platform,solar radiation data from the China Meteorological Forcing Dataset,and vegetation cover remote-sensing data from the Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer.We used the vegetation sensitivity index to identify areas sensitive to climate change and to determine which climatic factors were significant in this regard.The findings revealed a high degree of heterogeneity and non-linearity of ecosystem responses to climate change.Four types of heterogeneity were identified:longitude,altitude,ecosystem,and climate disturbance.Furthermore,the characteristics of nonlinear ecosystem responses to climate change included:(1)inconsistency in the controlling climatic factors for the same ecosystems in different geographical settings;(2)the interaction between different climatic factors results in varying weights that affect ecosystem stability and makes them difficult to determine;and(3)the hysteresis effect of vegetation increases the uncertainty of ecosystem responses to climate change.The findings are significant because they highlight the complexity of ecosystem responses to climate change.Furthermore,the identification of areas that are particularly sensitive to climate change and the influencing factors has important implications for predicting and managing the impacts of climate change on ecosystems,which can help protect the stability of ecosystems in the Qilian Mountains National Park.展开更多
文摘基于电压源型整流器(VSR)与电压源型逆变器(VSI)整合而成的VSR-VSI双PWM变换器已在电梯能量回馈系统中得到应用。本文围绕VSR-VSI系统的直流母线电压可控与能量可双向流动的特点,首先阐述了基于VSR-VSI电梯永磁同步电机驱动系统在dq坐标系下的PI双闭环控制结构与参数设计方法,分析了VSR-VSI系统直流母线电压与并网电流存在谐波畸变的机理,在此基础上提出了基于PI+谐振(PI plus resonant,PIR)调节器的VSR电流内环改进控制策略以抑制并网电流谐波,最后利用仿真结果验证了上述理论分析的准确性与有效性。
文摘基于电压源逆变器(VSI)的静止无功发生器(SVG)直接应用PWM控制技术,具有动态无功功率补偿、稳定节点电压、阻尼系统振荡等多项先进功能,同时结构紧凑、易于控制、谐波含量小且功率密度大。先定义二值逻辑开关函数,再建立SVG在abc三相坐标系下的四阶动态数学模型,然后利用坐标变换得到了αβ与dq坐标系下SVG的三阶动态数学模型。该模型可以详细描述SVG的动态工作过程。SVG在αβ坐标系下的模型中两电流分量不存在耦合,便于控制系统设计。α轴分量与β轴分量(或d轴分量与q轴分量)正好是有功电流分量与无功电流分量,从而有利于对SVG的瞬时有功功率与瞬时无功功率分别进行控制。应用MATLAB对采用滞环电流跟踪控制的±150 kVA SVG在感性负载与容性负载两种情况下进行了仿真研究,仿真结果验证了所建数学模型的准确性与正确性,同时证明了基于VSI的SVG具有良好的动态性能与静态补偿效果。
文摘基于电压源逆变器(V S I)的静止无功发生器(SVG)直接应用PWM控制技术,具有结构紧凑、易于控制、谐波含量小以及功率密度大等优点。文中给出了基于三相V S I的6 kV/±200 kV.A PWM型SVG的主电路结构与参数,提出了一种SVG的直接功率控制方式。应用M ATLAB进行系统仿真,表明基于V S I的PWM型SVG具有良好的动态性能与静态补偿效果,验证了主电路与直接功率控制方式的正确性、优越性与有效性。
文摘Peri-urban areas are playing an increasingly crucial role in the agricultural development and intensification in Indonesia.Peri-urban agriculture is highly vulnerable to change compared with urban and rural agriculture,due to its location in transitional areas.Indicators of peri-urban agricultural intensity can help guide regional development.In this study,we assessed the sustainability of peri-urban areas based on agricultural intensity in Karawang Regency,Indonesia.We developed a village-based index to assess the region’s agricultural intensity by rescaling the village agriculture index(VAI)and combining the local sustainability index(LSI)with factor analysis.Since the unit of analysis is the village,we modified the LSI to the village sustainability index(VSI).In addition,we also developed a logical matrix analysis to determine the level of agricultural sustainability(LoAS)of each village.The combined results of the three indices(VAI,VSI,and LoAS)generated information about agricultural sustainability.The results indicated that peri-urban villages with high agricultural intensity tended to exhibit low levels of social welfare,economic development,and disaster risk.Moreover,high agricultural intensity did not necessarily ensure the prosperity of the people.Instead,there was the economic disparity among the villages in the study area.Encouraging diversity of agricultural intensity seems to be more critical than promoting agricultural intensity itself.Overall,this study highlights the distinctive characteristics and dynamic of peri-urban areas.New approaches,variables,and information regarding the combination of agricultural intensity and sustainability need to be developed as valuable tools for regional planning.
基金supported by the National Key Research and Development Program of China (2019YFC0507402)
文摘Ecosystem responses to climate change,particularly in arid environments,is an understudied topic.This study conducted a spatial analysis of ecosystem responses to short-term variability in temperature,precipitation,and solar radiation in the Qilian Mountains National Park,an arid mountainous region in Northwest China.We collected precipitation and temperature data from the National Science and Technology Infrastructure Platform,solar radiation data from the China Meteorological Forcing Dataset,and vegetation cover remote-sensing data from the Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer.We used the vegetation sensitivity index to identify areas sensitive to climate change and to determine which climatic factors were significant in this regard.The findings revealed a high degree of heterogeneity and non-linearity of ecosystem responses to climate change.Four types of heterogeneity were identified:longitude,altitude,ecosystem,and climate disturbance.Furthermore,the characteristics of nonlinear ecosystem responses to climate change included:(1)inconsistency in the controlling climatic factors for the same ecosystems in different geographical settings;(2)the interaction between different climatic factors results in varying weights that affect ecosystem stability and makes them difficult to determine;and(3)the hysteresis effect of vegetation increases the uncertainty of ecosystem responses to climate change.The findings are significant because they highlight the complexity of ecosystem responses to climate change.Furthermore,the identification of areas that are particularly sensitive to climate change and the influencing factors has important implications for predicting and managing the impacts of climate change on ecosystems,which can help protect the stability of ecosystems in the Qilian Mountains National Park.
