Fifteen subspecies of the wood tiger moth, Arctia plantaginis (Lepidoptera: Erebidae: Arctiinae), have been recorded in the Northern Hemisphere. An analysis of crude pheromone extracts by GC equipped with an electroan...Fifteen subspecies of the wood tiger moth, Arctia plantaginis (Lepidoptera: Erebidae: Arctiinae), have been recorded in the Northern Hemisphere. An analysis of crude pheromone extracts by GC equipped with an electroantennographic (EAG) detector showed four EAG-active components (Comps. I–IV) that were commonly involved in the pheromone glands of two subspecies inhabiting Japan and Finland. Comp. I is a major component (>75%) and the others are minor components (3% - 15%). Their mass spectra, measured by GC/MS, revealed the chemical structures of C21 unsaturated hydrocarbons as follows: 3,6,9-triene for Comp. I, 4,6,9-triene for Comp. II, 1,3,6,9-tetraene for Comp. III, and 2,4,6,9-tetraene for Comp. IV. Comps. I and III are known Type II pheromone compounds, and their retention times coincide with those of the authentic standards with all Z configurations. As a next step, the extract was analyzed by GC/FT-IR to determine the configuration of Comps. II and IV. Their IR spectra showed two characteristic C-H bending absorptions around 990 and 945 cm-1 due to the conjugated dienyl moieties;thus, Z and E configurations were assigned to the double bonds at the 2- and 4-positions, respectively. Their Z double bonds at the 6- and 9-positions are indicated by no absorptions around 970 cm-1, due to the isolated double bonds with E configurations. Finally, the structures of Comps. II and IV were confirmed by synthesis using a double Wittig reaction. The synthetic (4E,6Z,9Z)-4,6,9-triene and (2Z,4E,6Z,9Z)-2,4,6,9-tetraene showed strong EAG activity, and their chemical data coincided well with those of the natural Comps. II and IV, indicating the correctness of the structure determination by GC/FT-IR analysis and its usefulness for Type II pheromone compounds.展开更多
<i><span style="font-family:Verdana;">Lithraea</span></i><span style="font-family:;" "=""> <i><span style="font-family:Verdana;">m...<i><span style="font-family:Verdana;">Lithraea</span></i><span style="font-family:;" "=""> <i><span style="font-family:Verdana;">molleoides</span></i><span style="font-family:Verdana;"> (Anacardiaceae) is a tree that grows in South America including Southern Brazil, Southern, and Eastern Bolivia, Southern Paraguay, Northern, and Central Argentina. Infusions, decoctions, or tinctures from its aerial parts (leaves, buds, and young stems) are employed in ethnomedicine mainly against respiratory, and digestive inflammations and illnesses. Antibacterial, antiviral, antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and antinociceptive activities, among others, have been reported for </span><i><span style="font-family:Verdana;">L.</span></i> <i><span style="font-family:Verdana;">molleoides</span></i><span style="font-family:Verdana;">. Many of its biological activities have been associated with the reported presence of 5-alkenyl resorcinols. Alkyl/alkenyl catechols and alkyl/alkenyl resorcinols are very common in members of the Anacardiaceae family and several activities have been attributed to them. This work describes the isolation and the structural elucidation of three new 5-alkenyl resorcinols isolated from </span><i><span style="font-family:Verdana;">Lithraea</span></i> <i><span style="font-family:Verdana;">molleoides</span></i><span style="font-family:Verdana;"> reported in nature for the first time.</span></span>展开更多
根据转基因抗除草剂玉米DAS-40278-9外源基因的旁侧序列,采用ABI Primer Express 3.0设计引物和Taq Man探针,建立转基因抗除草剂玉米DAS-40278-9品系特异实时荧光定量PCR检测方法。采用该检测方法对DAS-40278-9玉米含量为1%(质量分数)...根据转基因抗除草剂玉米DAS-40278-9外源基因的旁侧序列,采用ABI Primer Express 3.0设计引物和Taq Man探针,建立转基因抗除草剂玉米DAS-40278-9品系特异实时荧光定量PCR检测方法。采用该检测方法对DAS-40278-9玉米含量为1%(质量分数)的标准样品进行检测,结果显示,采用建立的方法获得的标准曲线,通过斜率、相关系数、扩增效率判断是可靠的,待测样品的定量检测结果为1.024%,非常接近真实值。本试验表明建立的转基因抗除草剂玉米DAS-40278-9品系特异定量PCR检测方法的特异性好,灵敏度和准确度高,值得推广应用。展开更多
文摘Fifteen subspecies of the wood tiger moth, Arctia plantaginis (Lepidoptera: Erebidae: Arctiinae), have been recorded in the Northern Hemisphere. An analysis of crude pheromone extracts by GC equipped with an electroantennographic (EAG) detector showed four EAG-active components (Comps. I–IV) that were commonly involved in the pheromone glands of two subspecies inhabiting Japan and Finland. Comp. I is a major component (>75%) and the others are minor components (3% - 15%). Their mass spectra, measured by GC/MS, revealed the chemical structures of C21 unsaturated hydrocarbons as follows: 3,6,9-triene for Comp. I, 4,6,9-triene for Comp. II, 1,3,6,9-tetraene for Comp. III, and 2,4,6,9-tetraene for Comp. IV. Comps. I and III are known Type II pheromone compounds, and their retention times coincide with those of the authentic standards with all Z configurations. As a next step, the extract was analyzed by GC/FT-IR to determine the configuration of Comps. II and IV. Their IR spectra showed two characteristic C-H bending absorptions around 990 and 945 cm-1 due to the conjugated dienyl moieties;thus, Z and E configurations were assigned to the double bonds at the 2- and 4-positions, respectively. Their Z double bonds at the 6- and 9-positions are indicated by no absorptions around 970 cm-1, due to the isolated double bonds with E configurations. Finally, the structures of Comps. II and IV were confirmed by synthesis using a double Wittig reaction. The synthetic (4E,6Z,9Z)-4,6,9-triene and (2Z,4E,6Z,9Z)-2,4,6,9-tetraene showed strong EAG activity, and their chemical data coincided well with those of the natural Comps. II and IV, indicating the correctness of the structure determination by GC/FT-IR analysis and its usefulness for Type II pheromone compounds.
文摘<i><span style="font-family:Verdana;">Lithraea</span></i><span style="font-family:;" "=""> <i><span style="font-family:Verdana;">molleoides</span></i><span style="font-family:Verdana;"> (Anacardiaceae) is a tree that grows in South America including Southern Brazil, Southern, and Eastern Bolivia, Southern Paraguay, Northern, and Central Argentina. Infusions, decoctions, or tinctures from its aerial parts (leaves, buds, and young stems) are employed in ethnomedicine mainly against respiratory, and digestive inflammations and illnesses. Antibacterial, antiviral, antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and antinociceptive activities, among others, have been reported for </span><i><span style="font-family:Verdana;">L.</span></i> <i><span style="font-family:Verdana;">molleoides</span></i><span style="font-family:Verdana;">. Many of its biological activities have been associated with the reported presence of 5-alkenyl resorcinols. Alkyl/alkenyl catechols and alkyl/alkenyl resorcinols are very common in members of the Anacardiaceae family and several activities have been attributed to them. This work describes the isolation and the structural elucidation of three new 5-alkenyl resorcinols isolated from </span><i><span style="font-family:Verdana;">Lithraea</span></i> <i><span style="font-family:Verdana;">molleoides</span></i><span style="font-family:Verdana;"> reported in nature for the first time.</span></span>
文摘根据转基因抗除草剂玉米DAS-40278-9外源基因的旁侧序列,采用ABI Primer Express 3.0设计引物和Taq Man探针,建立转基因抗除草剂玉米DAS-40278-9品系特异实时荧光定量PCR检测方法。采用该检测方法对DAS-40278-9玉米含量为1%(质量分数)的标准样品进行检测,结果显示,采用建立的方法获得的标准曲线,通过斜率、相关系数、扩增效率判断是可靠的,待测样品的定量检测结果为1.024%,非常接近真实值。本试验表明建立的转基因抗除草剂玉米DAS-40278-9品系特异定量PCR检测方法的特异性好,灵敏度和准确度高,值得推广应用。
