Filtration performance and modeling of granular bed for dust removal from coal pyrolytic vapors

Dust removal from pyrolytic vapors at high temperatures is an obstacle to the industrialization of the coal pyrolysis process.In this work,a granular bed with expanded perlites as filtration media was designed and integrated into a 10 t·d^(–1)coal pyrolysis facility.The testing results showed that around 97.56%dust collection efficiency was achieved.As a result,dust content in tar was significantly lowered.The pressure drop of the granular bed maintained in the range of 356 Pa to 489 Pa.The dust size in the effluent after filtration exhibited a bimodal distribution,which was attributed to the heterogeneity of the dust components.The effects of filtration bed on pyrolytic product yields were also discussed.A modified filtration model based on the macroscopic phenomenological theory was proposed to describe the performance of the granular bed.The computation results were well agreed with the experimental data.

Deep bed filtration model for cake filtration and erosion

Many phenomena in nature and technology are associated with the filtration of suspensions and colloids in porous media. Two main types of particle deposition,namely, cake filtration at the inlet and deep bed filtration throughout the entire porous medium, are studied by different models. A unified approach for the transport and deposition of particles based on the deep bed filtration model is proposed. A variable suspension flow rate, proportional to the number of free pores at the inlet of the porous medium, is considered. To model cake filtration, this flow rate is introduced into the mass balance equation of deep bed filtration. For the cake filtration without deposit erosion,the suspension flow rate decreases to zero, and the suspension does not penetrate deep into the porous medium. In the case of the cake filtration with erosion, the suspension flow rate is nonzero, and the deposit is distributed throughout the entire porous medium. An exact solution is obtained for a constant filtration function. The method of characteristics is used to construct the asymptotics of the concentration front of suspended and retained particles for a filtration function in a general form. Explicit formulae are obtained for a linear filtration function. The properties of these solutions are studied in detail.

A high Li-ion diffusion kinetics in multidimensional and compact-structured electrodes via vacuum filtration casting

Manufacturing process,diffusion co-efficient and areal capacity are the three main criteria for regulating thick electrodes for lithium-ion batteries(LIBs).However,simultaneously regulating these criteria for LIBs is desirable but remains a significant challenge.In this work,niobium pentoxide(Nb_(2)O_(5))anode and lithium iron phosphate(LiFePO_(4))cathode materials were chosen as the model materials and demonstrate that these three parameters can be simultaneously modulated by incorporation of micro-carbon fibers(MCF)and carbon nanotubes(CNT)with both Nb_(2)O_(5) and LFP via vacuum filtration approach.Both as-prepared MNC-20 anode and MLC-20 cathode achieves high reversible areal capacity of≈5.4 m A h cm^(-2)@0.1 C and outstanding Li-ion diffusion coefficients of≈10~(-8)cm~2 s~(-1)in the half-cell configuration.The assembled MNC-20‖MLC-20 full cell LIB delivers maximum energy and power densities of244.04 W h kg^(-1)and 108.86 W kg^(-1),respectively.The excellent electrochemical properties of the asprepared thick electrodes can be attributed to the highly conductive,mechanical compactness and multidimensional mutual effects of the MCF,CNT and active materials that facilitates rapid Li-ion diffusion kinetics.Furthermore,electrochemical impedance spectroscopy(EIS),symmetric cells analysis,and insitu Raman techniques clearly validates the enhanced Li-ion diffusion kinetics in the present architecture.

Machine learning-based comparison of factors influencing estimated glomerular filtration rate in Chinese women with or without nonalcoholic fatty liver

BACKGROUND The prevalence of non-alcoholic fatty liver(NAFLD)has increased recently.Subjects with NAFLD are known to have higher chance for renal function impairment.Many past studies used traditional multiple linear regression(MLR)to identify risk factors for decreased estimated glomerular filtration rate(eGFR).However,medical research is increasingly relying on emerging machine learning(Mach-L)methods.The present study enrolled healthy women to identify factors affecting eGFR in subjects with and without NAFLD(NAFLD+,NAFLD-)and to rank their importance.AIM To uses three different Mach-L methods to identify key impact factors for eGFR in healthy women with and without NAFLD.METHODS A total of 65535 healthy female study participants were enrolled from the Taiwan MJ cohort,accounting for 32 independent variables including demographic,biochemistry and lifestyle parameters(independent variables),while eGFR was used as the dependent variable.Aside from MLR,three Mach-L methods were applied,including stochastic gradient boosting,eXtreme gradient boosting and elastic net.Errors of estimation were used to define method accuracy,where smaller degree of error indicated better model performance.RESULTS Income,albumin,eGFR,High density lipoprotein-Cholesterol,phosphorus,forced expiratory volume in one second(FEV1),and sleep time were all lower in the NAFLD+group,while other factors were all significantly higher except for smoking area.Mach-L had lower estimation errors,thus outperforming MLR.In Model 1,age,uric acid(UA),FEV1,plasma calcium level(Ca),plasma albumin level(Alb)and T-bilirubin were the most important factors in the NAFLD+group,as opposed to age,UA,FEV1,Alb,lactic dehydrogenase(LDH)and Ca for the NAFLD-group.Given the importance percentage was much higher than the 2nd important factor,we built Model 2 by removing age.CONCLUSION The eGFR were lower in the NAFLD+group compared to the NAFLD-group,with age being was the most important impact factor in both groups of healthy Chinese women,followed by LDH,UA,FEV1 and Alb.However,for the NAFLD-group,TSH and SBP were the 5th and 6th most important factors,as opposed to Ca and BF in the NAFLD+group.

Trend of glaucoma internal filtration surgeries in a tertiary hospital in China

AIM:To evaluate the trend of glaucoma internal filtration surgeries for inpatients between 2015 and 2021 at the Eye Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University.METHODS:A review of the medical records of inpatients who had been diagnosed with glaucoma and received antiglaucoma surgery between January 1,2015 and December 31,2021 was conducted.The glaucoma diagnosis in this study included primary open angle glaucoma,primary angleclosure glaucoma,secondary glaucoma,and paediatric glaucoma.The types of surgeries were categorised as internal filtration,external filtration,and cyclodestruction surgery based on the pathway of aqueous humor outflow.The trend of these glaucoma surgeries in the sample of patients with different types of glaucoma was then analysed.RESULTS:The number of patients hospitalised for glaucoma surgery increased yearly,from 752 in 2015 to 1373 in 2021,at the Eye Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University.Regarding the patients diagnosed with primary open angle glaucoma,internal filtration surgery increased from 27.40%of the sample to 54.40%of the sample,while external filtration surgery decreased from 71.50%to 44.20%between 2015 and 2021.For paediatric glaucoma,internal filtration surgery increased from 37.50%in 2015 to 88.20%in 2021.Whilst different types of surgeries were performed on the sample of patients with secondary glaucoma,the proportion of internal filtration surgery also showed an increase from 18.20%in 2015 to 40.90%in 2021.Meanwhile,internal filtration surgery in the patient sample with primary angle-closure glaucoma already accounted for over 70.00%in 2015,and showed a small increase by 2021.CONCLUSION:As surgical technology and surgical experience continue to elevate and improve,the range of glaucoma surgeries are correspondingly evolving.This study find that internal filtration surgeries accounted for an increasing proportion of treatments in the surgical management of glaucoma between 2015 and 2021.

Advances in particulate matter filtration:Materials,performance,and application

Air-borne pollutants in particulate matter(PM)form,produced either physically during industrial processes or certain biological routes,have posed a great threat to human health.Particularly during the current COVID-19 pandemic,effective filtration of the virus is an urgent matter worldwide.In this review,we first introduce some fundamentals about PM,including its source and classification,filtration mechanisms,and evaluation parameters.Advanced filtration materials and their functions are then summarized,among which polymers and MOFs are discussed in detail together with their antibacterial performance.The discussion on the application is divided into end-of-pipe treatment and source control.Finally,we conclude this review with our prospective view on future research in this area.

Fabrication of High-Efficiency Polyvinyl Alcohol Nanofiber Membranes for Air Filtration Based on Principle of Stable Electrospinning

A mass flow matching model(MFMM)was established for studying the stable status of solution electrospinning.The study of the solution droplet status at the needle tip focused on various combinations of applied voltages and injection rates to figure out their influence on steadily fabricating polyvinyl alcohol(PVA)nanofibers prepared from PVA spinning solutions with two different mass fractions(10%and 16%).The results revealed that during the stable electrospinning,the influence resulted from the change of the injection rate approximately canceled out the impact brought by adjusting the applied voltage,leading to almost the same morphology as that of the PVA nanofibers.And the mass fraction of PVA in the spinning solution dominated the structure and the diameter distribution of the electrospun nanofibers.Under stable electrospinning conditions,the composite membrane was produced by depositing PVA nanofibers on the polyethylene terephthalate(PET)nonwoven substrate for an air filtration test.Furthermore,the prepared composite membrane exhibited a high air filtration efficiency(99.97%)and a low pressure drop(120 Pa)for 300-500 nm neutralized polystyrene latex(PSL)aerosol particles,demonstrating its potential as an alternative for a variety of commercial applications in air filtration.

Tannic acid/Fe^(3+)interlayer for preparation of high-permeability polyetherimide organic solvent nanofiltration membranes for organic solvent separation

Organic solvent nanofiltration(OSN)membranes have a great application prospect in organic solvent separation,but the development of OSN membranes is mainly restricted by trade-off between permeability and rejection rate.In this work,a TA/Fe^(3+)polymer was introduced into polyetherimide(PEI)ultrafiltration membranes crosslinked with hexamethylene diamine as the intermediate layer,and OSN membranes with high separation performance and solvent permeability were obtained through interfacial polymerization and solvent activation.The interlayer with high surface hydrophilicity and a fixed pore structure controlled the adsorption/diffusion of the amine monomer during interfacial polymerization,forming a smooth(average surface roughness<5.5 nm),ultra-thin(separation layer thickness reduced from 150 to 16 nm)and dense surface structure polyamide(PA)layer.The PA-Fe^(3+)_3-HDA/PEI membrane retained more than 94%of methyl blue(BS)in 0.1 g·L^(-1)BS ethanol solution at 0.6 MPa,and the ethanol permeation reached 28.56 L^(-1)·m^(-2)·h^(-1).The average flux recovery ratio(FRR)of PA-Fe^(3+)_(3)-HDA/PEI membrane was found to be 84%,which has better fouling resistance than PA-HDA/PEI membrane,and it was found to have better stability performance through different solvent immersion experiments and continuous operation in 0.1 g·L^(-1)BS ethanol solution.Compared with thin-film composite nanofiltration membranes,the PA-Fe^(3+)_(3)-HDA/PEI membrane can be manufactured from an economical and environment-friendly method and overcomes the trade-off between permeability and rejection rate,showing great application potential in organic solvent separation systems.

Glomerular Filtration Rate of Children with Sickle Cell Disease Compared to Non-Sickle Cell Patients in Donka Pediatric Emergencies and SOS Drepano-Guinea Center

Introduction: Our study focused on the evaluation of renal function in children with sickle cell disease compared to children without sickle cell disease at the pediatric emergency unit of the Donka National Hospital and SOS Drepano-Guinea center. Patients and Methods: This was a cross-sectional descriptive and analytical study lasting 3 months (October 1 to December 31, 2020). Were included, all sickle cell and non-sickle cell children aged 0 to 15 received on an outpatient basis and had undergone an exploration of renal function (serum creatinine and urine dipstick). Results: We performed the urine dipstick and serum creatinine in 75 children, 45 of whom were sickle cell and 30 were not sickle cell. 27 of our patients or 36% had a reduction in GFR, among them 9 or 20% were sickle cell and 18 or 60% were not sickle cell. The most affected age group was 5 to 9 years in sickle cell (66.7%) and non-sickle cell (38.9%). In sickle cell patients, 9 cases (100%) had mild renal failure (IRL). Non-sickle cell patients, had 14 cases or 77.8% of IRL and 4 cases (22.2%) of moderate IR. Sickle cell disease and antibiotics which had the respective p-value (0.01);(0.02), were statistically significant with the onset of renal failure. Conclusion: Several factors including sickle cell anemia and antibiotics are believed to be involved in lowering GFR. It would be essential to detect early the children received in consultation.

Progress in Preparation Technology of Porous Ceramics for High Temperature Dust Filtration

With the rapid industrialization and urbanization,the demand for air quality management is more and more urgent.High temperature dust filtration is one important environmental management technology.Porous ceramics are used as filter materials in the field of high-temperature dust filtration because of their unique advantages such as high filtration efficiency,as well as high temperature stability,particle loss resistance,corrosion resistance and durability.This paper mainly introduced several common preparation techniques of porous ceramics,including the traditional organic foam impregnation method,foaming method,in-situ combustion method,pore-forming method and other new methods such as the template method,gel injection molding method,freeze-drying method,multi-component co-precipitation method and hydrogel method.The principle,advantages and disadvantages of these preparation technologies and their research status were described.The application of these technologies in the field of high temperature dust filtration was briefly reviewed.Finally,the application prospect of the porous ceramics in the field of high temperature dust filtration was prospected.

Filtration assisted pretreatment for rapid enrichment and accurate detection of Salmonella in vegetables

Rapid detection of target foodborne pathogens plays more and more significant roles in food safety,which requires the efficiency,sensitivity,and accuracy.In this research,we proposed a new st rategy of isothermal-molecular-amplification integrated with lateral-flow-strip for rapid detection of Salmonella without traditional enrichment-culture.Th e designed syringe-assisted-filtration can contribute to simultaneous collection and concentration of target bacterium from vegetable samples in just 3 min,resolving the drawbacks of traditional random sampling protocols.After simple and convenient ultrasonication,samples can be directly amplified at 39℃ in 25 min and the amplicons are qualitatively and quantitatively analyzed with the designed lateral-flow-strip in 5 min.Finally,satisfied results have been achieved within 40 min,which greatly improve the efficiency while the accuracy is also guaranteed.Furthermore,all detection steps can be completed under instrument-free conditions.This method will hold great promise for target pathogen detection in the resource-limited district,or for emergency on-site identification.

基于衍射透镜接收的激光雷达特性分析及测试

在激光雷达系统设计中,光学系统的优化与设计是一个重要的研究方向,本文利用衍射光学元件(DOE)的设计自由度高和色散大等优势,将DOE用于激光雷达接收端,同时实现聚焦和滤光作用,降低了光学系统复杂度。本文基于DOE的原理,仿真分析了DOE的光学特性,并且以DOE作为激光雷达的光学接收端,完成了激光雷达测距实验,证明了DOE同时具有聚焦作用和窄带滤光作用,实验结果与仿真基本一致。本文利用DOE在激光雷达中的优势,实现激光雷达的轻量化、集成化和高效化。

高效液相色谱法同时检测葡萄酒中11种人工合成着色剂

为快速识别葡萄酒中是否添加人工合成着色剂并准确定量,该实验样品采用乙酸铵溶液稀释、8000 r/min离心后直接过滤法进行前处理,梯度洗脱、Zorbax SB-C_(18)柱分离、多波长检测(288 nm、425 nm、515 nm、620 nm),建立了高效液相色谱法(HPLC)同时检测葡萄酒中11种人工合成着色剂的方法。结果表明,该方法前处理简单,各着色剂最大吸收波长检测无杂质干扰、灵敏度高、检出限(0.05 mg/L)、定量限(0.15 mg/L)低,在质量浓度0.20~50 mg/L范围内线性关系良好(R^(2)≥0.9994),方法精密度试验结果的相对标准偏差(RSD)为1.86%~2.61%,加标回收率为93.0%~103.0%。适用于葡萄酒中人工合成着色剂的快速、准确检测。

基于PPR和NSGA-Ⅱ的泵前微压过滤器水力与过滤性能研究

【目的】探究泵前微压过滤器的性能。【方法】开展5组流量(2~8m^(3)/h)、5组含沙量(0.5~2.0g/L)、3组滤网过滤面积(1 105、1 582、2 060 cm^(2))和4组分水器型式(不加、1型、2型、3型)的物理模型试验,采用投影寻踪回归分析法(PPR)、多目标遗传算法(NSGA-Ⅱ),建立水头损失、截沙质量和总过滤效率的预测模型,探究各指标的影响因素排序,确定泵前微压过滤器的最佳运行工况。【结果】影响泵前微压过滤器水头损失的因素排序为进水流量?含沙量?滤网过滤面积;影响截沙质量的因素排序为含沙量?滤网过滤面积?进水流量;影响总过滤效率的因素排序为滤网过滤面积?含沙量?进水流量;以相对误差≤10%作为判定标准,建立的截沙质量和总过滤效率PPR预测模型合格率为100%,模型精度较高,但水头损失PPR预测模型合格率仅为70%,模型不可靠。本试验范围下泵前微压过滤器的最佳运行工况为:含沙量2 g/L、进水流量7 m^(3)/h、滤网过滤面积2 060 cm^(2)。【结论】PPR预测模型对截沙质量和总过滤效率的预测精度较高,对水头损失的预测误差较大,在后期可用量纲分析与多元回归相结合预测水头损失、截沙质量和总过滤效率。

聚己内酯/MgO复合纳米纤维膜的制备及其性能

为制备集多种功能于一体的纳米纤维膜,将MgO纳米颗粒加入至可降解聚己内酯(PCL)溶液中,通过静电纺丝技术制备PCL/MgO复合纳米纤维膜,研究了其微观形态、结晶结构、过滤性能和抗菌性能等。结果表明:PCL/MgO复合纳米纤维的直径比纯PCL略有增加,且纤维膜中MgO依然保持着结晶状态;与纯PCL纤维膜相比,PCL/MgO复合纳米纤维膜的透气率增加,水接触角增大,透湿率减小;PCL/MgO复合纳米纤维膜的过滤效率为97.57%~98.87%,紫外线防护系数均大于50,具有良好的过滤性能和优异的紫外线防护性能,其对大肠杆菌的抑菌率为73.78%~98.55%,对金黄色葡萄球菌的抑菌率为53.61%~97.56%;对大肠杆菌的抑菌率优于金黄色葡萄球菌是因为MgO纳米颗粒具有晶格缺陷,更易与带有负电荷的大肠杆菌形成较强的相互作用。

三种不同过滤方式对特香型白酒质量的影响研究

从白酒的气相色谱成分、离子色谱成分、感官评定等方面研究分析活性炭吸附过滤、冷冻过滤、聚能量膜过滤对特香型白酒的影响。结果表明:活性炭吸附过滤对酒体骨架成分及风味影响较大、净化能力较强,适用于过滤风味欠佳的酒体;冷冻过滤对酒体骨架成分及风味影响较小,适用于过滤风味一般的酒体;聚能量膜过滤对酒体骨架成分及风味基本无影响、滤后酒体的自然微黄颜色及风味可以最大程度地得以保留,适用于过滤风味较好的酒体。

空气过滤用聚氨酯纳米纤维膜的制备及其性能

为拓展静电纺纳米纤维在空气过滤领域中的应用,以聚氨酯(PU)为原料,加入不同种类的盐,采用静电纺丝法制备树枝状PU纳米纤维膜。利用扫描电镜(SEM)、接触角测试仪、红外光谱仪、自动滤料测试仪测试纳米纤维膜的微观结构、亲疏水性、化学结构和过滤性能。结果表明:在PU质量分数14%条件下,添加有机盐TBAC,纺丝电压35 kV时,制备的纳米纤维膜的树枝状分叉结构明显;TBAC的加入使纤维膜的接触角由99.1°减小到82.8°;分叉结构使纳米纤维膜的过滤性能显著提高,与纯PU纳米纤维膜相比,过滤效率从50.8%提高到93.6%,品质因子从0.009提高到0.073,可满足高效低阻空气过滤材料的需求。

血液透析滤过对维持性血液透析患者营养状况的影响

目的观察血液透析滤过(HDF)对维持性血液透析(MHD)患者营养状况的影响。方法选择行MHD治疗血液透析患者46例,其中男性28例,女性18例;年龄19~80岁,平均年龄60.8岁;原发病,慢性肾炎21例,糖尿病肾病15例,其他病因10例。根据治疗方式不同,将患者分为HDF组28例、高通量血液透析(HF-HD)组18例。HF-HD组每周行3次HF-HD治疗,HDF组每周行2次HF-HD治疗和1次HDF治疗。比较两组患者开始接受治疗及治疗12个月后血清白蛋白、肾功能、电解质、血常规、C反应蛋白(CRP)、甲状旁腺激素等。应用生物电阻抗法,评估患者开始接受治疗及治疗12个月后身体质量指数、骨骼肌、上臂围度、上臂肌肉围度、内脏脂肪面积等营养指标变化。结果治疗12个月后HDF组白蛋白水平显著高于HF-HD组[(39.06±3.02)g/L vs(36.84±3.21)g/L],CRP低于HF-HD组[(4.44±5.34)mg/L vs(8.78±8.60)mg/L]。治疗12个月后HDF组白蛋白水平较治疗前显著提升,HF-HD组CRP指标较治疗前明显上升,差异有统计学意义[(37.14±3.69)g/L vs(39.06±3.02)g/L、(5.76±6.61)mg/L vs(8.78±8.60)mg/L。P<0.05]。治疗12个月后HDF组上臂肌肉围度显著高于HF-HD组[(24.07±1.94)cm vs(22.38±1.60)cm],HF-HD组骨骼肌及上臂肌肉围度较治疗前明显下降[(25.07±4.77)kg vs(21.74±3.29)kg、(23.81±1.53)cm vs(22.38±1.60)cm。P<0.05]。结论与单纯行HF-HD治疗相比,MHD患者增加每周1次HDF治疗,可保持肌肉质量及内脏脂肪量,减少与尿毒症和透析相关的炎症状态,改善患者营养状况,值得更大的推广和应用。

麦秆基纳米纤维素过滤膜的制备及对微纳米颗粒的过滤性能

以麦秆为原料,采用对甲基苯磺酸(p-TsOH)结合酶辅助超声处理制备木质纤维素纳米纤丝(LCNFs),通过真空抽滤制备LCNFs过滤膜(LCNF-FM)。研究LCNF-FM的微观形貌、纯水通量、润湿性及对微纳米粒子的过滤性能。结果表明,LCNF-FM由相互交联的纳米纤维网络组成,平均孔径为30.2nm。该过滤膜对细菌及纳米TiO_(2)颗粒均具有良好的截留作用。初步应用于红葡萄酒过滤除菌,其对红葡萄酒中有效成分的保留率均在84%以上,对葡萄酒品质影响不大。该LCNFs及其过滤膜的制备方法绿色环保,在农业废弃物的资源化利用及水处理、食品饮料的净化等方面具有广泛的应用前景。

单侧重度肾积水解除梗阻后肾功能恢复不佳的影响因素分析

目的 分析单侧重度肾积水患者解除梗阻后肾功能恢复不佳的影响因素,为预测肾功能恢复提供依据。方法 回顾性分析2015至2022年东莞东华医院收治的55例单侧重度肾积水且肾小球滤过率(GFR)<10 mL/min患者的病例资料,所有患者均采用经皮肾穿刺造瘘临时解除梗阻,根据肾功能的恢复情况分为肾功能恢复组和肾功能未恢复组,收集并分析解除梗阻后肾功能恢复的影响因素。结果 55例重度肾积水行经皮肾造瘘解除梗阻后,30例(54.5%)肾功能恢复,25例(45.5%)肾功能恢复不佳。单因素分析显示,2组患者的性别、患肾侧别、BMI、糖尿病史、高血压病史、造瘘前肾小球滤过率(GFR)、患肾尿液pH值等指标比较差异均无统计学意义(P均>0.05);2组患者的年龄、肾实质厚度、患肾GFR与总GFR比值、肾积水感染状态以及造瘘后患肾尿量比较差异有统计学意义(P <0.05)。多因素Logistic回归分析显示,造瘘前患肾GFR与总GFR比值(OR=0.24,95%CI 0.06~0.98)和造瘘后患肾尿量(OR=0.04,95%CI 0.01~0.25)为造瘘后肾功能恢复的影响因素。结论 GFR<10 mL/min的单侧重度肾积水使用经皮肾造瘘临时解除梗阻后,部分患者的肾功能可恢复;造瘘前患肾GFR与总GFR比值<10%和造瘘后患肾尿量<400 mL/d为患肾功能恢复不佳的影响因素,临床医师可根据患肾造瘘前的GFR与总GFR值和尿量预测患肾功能的恢复情况。