Rhizobium tropici-derived extracellular polymeric substances (EPS) have been used in soils to enhance soil structures and mitigate soil erosions. However, information on their use to improve soil health and fertility ...Rhizobium tropici-derived extracellular polymeric substances (EPS) have been used in soils to enhance soil structures and mitigate soil erosions. However, information on their use to improve soil health and fertility indicators, and plant growth is limited. In a greenhouse study, we investigated their effects on some soil health, soil fertility indices, and the growth of black-eyed peas (Vigna unguiculate). Results showed that soils incubated with EPS significantly increased basal soil respiration, soil microbial biomass, permanganate oxidizable carbon (POC), and potentially mineralizable nitrogen (PMN). The EPS shifted microbial populations from bacteria to fungi and Gram (−ve) to Gram ( ve) bacteria. However, it had little or no effects on soil pH, soil organic matter (SOM), and cation exchange capacity (CEC). The EPS decreased soil moisture loss, increased soil aggregate stability, but delayed blacked-eyed peas germinations in the soils. At 0.1% (w/w) concentrations in soils, there was increase in plant root nodulations and vegetative growth. This study was carried out within 40 days of incubating soils with EPS or growing the black-eyed peas in a greenhouse study. The plant growth parameters were taken before flowering and fruiting. Further studies of the effects of incubating soils with the extracellular polymeric substances on plant growth. Soil microbial biomass, microbial diversities, and other soil fertility indices are deemed necessary.展开更多
该文探究了豌豆蛋白酶解-美拉德反应产物(Maillard Reaction Products Derived From Pea Protein Enzymatic Hydrolysate,PPIHM)对低钠植物肉品质的影响。以豌豆蛋白为原料,通过蛋白酶水解结合谷氨酰胺转氨酶(Glutamine Transaminase,TG...该文探究了豌豆蛋白酶解-美拉德反应产物(Maillard Reaction Products Derived From Pea Protein Enzymatic Hydrolysate,PPIHM)对低钠植物肉品质的影响。以豌豆蛋白为原料,通过蛋白酶水解结合谷氨酰胺转氨酶(Glutamine Transaminase,TG酶)交联,添加质量分数为3.0%谷胱甘肽和1.0%还原糖(木糖:核糖=1:3)进行美拉德反应制备PPIHM,并证明PPIHM的良好烤肉香气,鲜味及抗氧化能力。进一步添加不同质量分数(1%,3%,5%)的PPIHM于低钠植物肉中,系统研究发现添加PPIHM在保持植物肉自身刚性和稳定性的前提下,能显著提升植物肉的肉香感知强度,延缓植物肉中油脂和蛋白的氧化。其中,感官品评人员对3%PPIHM植物肉组的喜好度和接受度最高,5%PPIHM植物肉组抗氧化和贮藏稳定性效果最好,在第12天时,POV值仅为0.0097 g/100 g。研究结果表明添加PPIHM是改善低钠植物肉风味,提高其储藏性能的一种有效途径。该研究为深入探究PPIHM作为天然反应型风味补偿剂在低钠植物肉中的应用提供了理论基础和方法指导。展开更多
基于2014年在甘肃省武威市设置的不同灌水水平与种植模式定位试验,设置两种灌水水平,即减量灌水(495 mm, I1)和传统灌水(540 mm, I2);3种种植模式,即玉米‖豌豆(M‖P)、单作豌豆(P)、单作玉米(M),测定土壤呼吸速率和N_(2)O排放速率,并...基于2014年在甘肃省武威市设置的不同灌水水平与种植模式定位试验,设置两种灌水水平,即减量灌水(495 mm, I1)和传统灌水(540 mm, I2);3种种植模式,即玉米‖豌豆(M‖P)、单作豌豆(P)、单作玉米(M),测定土壤呼吸速率和N_(2)O排放速率,并计算农田温室气体排放总量、全球增温潜势(GWP)和温室气体排放强度(GHGI)。2021—2022两年结果表明:(1)I1和M‖P处理均可显著降低土壤呼吸速率、N_(2)O排放速率、CO_(2)排放总量和N_(2)O排放总量(P<0.05),且减量灌水与间作种植模式交互效应显著(P<0.05);与MPI2处理相比,MPI1处理使土壤呼吸速率、N_(2)O排放速率、土壤CO_(2)排放总量和N_(2)O排放总量分别降低8.39%、33.12%、8.75%和32.84%。(2)I2处理土壤温度和土壤含水量显著高于I1处理(P<0.05);不同种植模式下,整个生育期土壤温度整体表现为M> M‖P> P;相关性分析表明,土壤温度和土壤含水量与土壤呼吸速率和N_(2)O排放速率呈显著正相关关系。(3)灌水水平对作物产量无显著影响(P>0.05),种植模式对作物产量影响显著(P<0.01),表现为M‖P处理产量最高;减量灌水与种植模式交互效应对GWP和GHGI影响显著(P<0.05),MPI1处理较MPI2处理的GWP和GHGI分别降低9.45%和10.00%。在绿洲灌区,减量灌水结合玉米‖豌豆种植模式能够有效提高作物产量并减少温室气体排放,可作为河西灌区推广应用的种植模式。展开更多
文摘Rhizobium tropici-derived extracellular polymeric substances (EPS) have been used in soils to enhance soil structures and mitigate soil erosions. However, information on their use to improve soil health and fertility indicators, and plant growth is limited. In a greenhouse study, we investigated their effects on some soil health, soil fertility indices, and the growth of black-eyed peas (Vigna unguiculate). Results showed that soils incubated with EPS significantly increased basal soil respiration, soil microbial biomass, permanganate oxidizable carbon (POC), and potentially mineralizable nitrogen (PMN). The EPS shifted microbial populations from bacteria to fungi and Gram (−ve) to Gram ( ve) bacteria. However, it had little or no effects on soil pH, soil organic matter (SOM), and cation exchange capacity (CEC). The EPS decreased soil moisture loss, increased soil aggregate stability, but delayed blacked-eyed peas germinations in the soils. At 0.1% (w/w) concentrations in soils, there was increase in plant root nodulations and vegetative growth. This study was carried out within 40 days of incubating soils with EPS or growing the black-eyed peas in a greenhouse study. The plant growth parameters were taken before flowering and fruiting. Further studies of the effects of incubating soils with the extracellular polymeric substances on plant growth. Soil microbial biomass, microbial diversities, and other soil fertility indices are deemed necessary.
文摘为探究产香酵母菌对耙豌豆挥发性风味物质的影响,该文用5种酵母(安琪酵母、季也蒙毕赤酵母、酿酒酵母、鲁氏酵母和近平滑假丝酵母)对耙豌豆进行固态发酵5 d。采用电子鼻结合GC-MS对发酵耙豌豆挥发性风味物质进行鉴定分析,通过主成分分析和偏最小二乘-判别分析(partial least square-discriminant analysis,PLS-DA)对不同酵母菌发酵耙豌豆的香气进行差异分析。电子鼻分析表明酵母菌发酵对耙豌豆挥发性风味有影响,酵母发酵耙豌豆与未发酵耙豌豆整体风味差异较大。GC-MS共检测出69种挥发性风味物质,系以醇类和酸类为主,其次为酯类和酮类。5种不同酵母发酵耙豌豆的挥发性香气成分差异显著(P<0.05),假丝酵母发酵耙豌豆样品中的挥发性风味物质种类最丰富,含38种。PLS-DA模型筛选得到12种关键风味物质(VIP>1),主要是异丙醇、异戊醇、2-甲基丁醇和乙酸乙酯等物质,赋予发酵耙豌豆醇香、果香和麦芽香。因此,产香酵母能降低耙豌豆的豆腥味,显著改善耙豌豆的风味。综上,该研究为酵母发酵耙豌豆工业化生产提供数据支持,为开发发酵型耙豌豆产品提供理论基础。
文摘该文探究了豌豆蛋白酶解-美拉德反应产物(Maillard Reaction Products Derived From Pea Protein Enzymatic Hydrolysate,PPIHM)对低钠植物肉品质的影响。以豌豆蛋白为原料,通过蛋白酶水解结合谷氨酰胺转氨酶(Glutamine Transaminase,TG酶)交联,添加质量分数为3.0%谷胱甘肽和1.0%还原糖(木糖:核糖=1:3)进行美拉德反应制备PPIHM,并证明PPIHM的良好烤肉香气,鲜味及抗氧化能力。进一步添加不同质量分数(1%,3%,5%)的PPIHM于低钠植物肉中,系统研究发现添加PPIHM在保持植物肉自身刚性和稳定性的前提下,能显著提升植物肉的肉香感知强度,延缓植物肉中油脂和蛋白的氧化。其中,感官品评人员对3%PPIHM植物肉组的喜好度和接受度最高,5%PPIHM植物肉组抗氧化和贮藏稳定性效果最好,在第12天时,POV值仅为0.0097 g/100 g。研究结果表明添加PPIHM是改善低钠植物肉风味,提高其储藏性能的一种有效途径。该研究为深入探究PPIHM作为天然反应型风味补偿剂在低钠植物肉中的应用提供了理论基础和方法指导。
文摘基于2014年在甘肃省武威市设置的不同灌水水平与种植模式定位试验,设置两种灌水水平,即减量灌水(495 mm, I1)和传统灌水(540 mm, I2);3种种植模式,即玉米‖豌豆(M‖P)、单作豌豆(P)、单作玉米(M),测定土壤呼吸速率和N_(2)O排放速率,并计算农田温室气体排放总量、全球增温潜势(GWP)和温室气体排放强度(GHGI)。2021—2022两年结果表明:(1)I1和M‖P处理均可显著降低土壤呼吸速率、N_(2)O排放速率、CO_(2)排放总量和N_(2)O排放总量(P<0.05),且减量灌水与间作种植模式交互效应显著(P<0.05);与MPI2处理相比,MPI1处理使土壤呼吸速率、N_(2)O排放速率、土壤CO_(2)排放总量和N_(2)O排放总量分别降低8.39%、33.12%、8.75%和32.84%。(2)I2处理土壤温度和土壤含水量显著高于I1处理(P<0.05);不同种植模式下,整个生育期土壤温度整体表现为M> M‖P> P;相关性分析表明,土壤温度和土壤含水量与土壤呼吸速率和N_(2)O排放速率呈显著正相关关系。(3)灌水水平对作物产量无显著影响(P>0.05),种植模式对作物产量影响显著(P<0.01),表现为M‖P处理产量最高;减量灌水与种植模式交互效应对GWP和GHGI影响显著(P<0.05),MPI1处理较MPI2处理的GWP和GHGI分别降低9.45%和10.00%。在绿洲灌区,减量灌水结合玉米‖豌豆种植模式能够有效提高作物产量并减少温室气体排放,可作为河西灌区推广应用的种植模式。