Clinical Significance of Topical Spermidine Hyaluronate in Vestibulodynia: An Early Appraisal

Background: The most common subtype of chronic vulvar pain is provoked vestibulodynia. The entry of the vagina is the site of acute and recurrent pain in this highly prevalent and debilitating condition, which is characterized by pressure application or attempted vaginal penetration. The aim of this study was to determine the effectiveness of topical spermidine in patients with vestibulodynia. Methods: Topical gels containing spermidine in hyaluronate complexes Ubi1 and Ubi2 endowed with differentiated release ratio and viscosity were applied at 3 doses/week during 4-weeks, then at 2 doses/week during the next 4-weeks in two groups of patients. Pain relief was measured by visual analogic score (VAS) and dyspareunia score expressed as percent improvement from baseline to posttreatment. Results: Group 1 treated with Ubi1 provided improvement in pain (46%) and dyspareunia (27%). However, the treatment in Group 2 resulted in a superior amelioration: VAS of pain (76%) and dyspareunia (50%) as Ubi2 gel provided higher dose and viscosity along with improved local application. Conclusions: Our results demonstrated that preparation 2 resulted in greater reduction in symptoms as compared to preparation 1 as measured by the VAS and Marinoff scale. These early, yet outstanding clinical outcomes in vestibulodynia through to the stimulation of tissue mechanosensor and their relevant downstream effects are reviewed hereafter.

NaCl胁迫下外源亚精胺对马铃薯幼苗生理特征的影响

【目的】研究NaCl胁迫下外源亚精胺(Spd)对马铃薯幼苗生理特征的影响,为新疆盐渍化区域马铃薯种植提供技术参考。【方法】以晋薯16号马铃薯幼苗为材料,采用不同浓度NaCl模拟盐胁迫处理,研究外源亚精胺Spd对马铃薯植株生长、叶片抗氧化酶活性、渗透调节物质含量的影响。【结果】盐胁迫抑制了马铃薯植株生长,使得超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)、过氧化物酶(POD)、过氧化氢酶(CAT)、抗坏血酸过氧化物酶(APX)等酶促类抗氧化酶活性表现为低盐胁迫促进,高盐胁迫抑制;抗坏血酸(ASA)、谷胱甘肽(DSH)等非酶促类抗氧化酶含量均降低;脯氨酸、可溶性糖、氨基酸含量升高;外源亚精胺(Spd)通过提高叶绿素含量、根系活力,调节渗透调节物质含量,增强抗氧化酶活性等方式维持植物体的正常生理代谢功能。【结论】外源亚精胺(Spd)可提升马铃薯耐盐性,缓解盐胁迫对马铃薯植株的抑制作用,其中0.9 mmol/L Spd(S 3)浓度缓解效果最明显。

亚精胺对渗透胁迫下甜瓜幼苗膜脂过氧化和抗氧化系统的影响

为探讨多胺提高作物抗渗透胁迫的生理机制,以甜瓜品种‘齐甜2号’为材料,采用营养液法培养甜瓜幼苗,以15%PEG-6000模拟渗透胁迫,研究1 mmol·L^(-1)亚精胺(Spd)对不同渗透胁迫时间下甜瓜幼苗的生长、活性氧代谢、抗氧化酶活性、渗透调节物质和非酶抗氧化剂的影响。结果表明:渗透胁迫后4 d,与胁迫处理相比,1mmol·L^(-1)Spd处理使甜瓜幼苗生物量提高11.34%,根系活力提高24.20%;叶片和根系H_(2)O_(2)含量、■产生速率、MDA含量和相对电解质渗透率降低,叶片中分别降低30.72%、29.99%、29.34%和14.62%,根中分别降低29.33%、25.31%、28.23%和20.34%。Spd诱导甜瓜叶片和根系中抗氧化酶活性增加,与胁迫处理相比,叶中SOD、POD、CAT和APX抗氧化酶活性分别提高25.54%、28.70%、27.72%和28.41%,根中分别提高23.35%、27.38%、25.06%和20.34%。与渗透胁迫处理相比,Spd处理在渗透胁迫后16 d甜瓜幼苗叶片脯氨酸、可溶性糖和可溶性蛋白的含量分别增加46.51%、49.72%和40.25%;渗透胁迫后16 d幼苗叶片ASA含量增加62.50%,渗透胁迫后12 d幼苗叶片GSH含量增加37.17%,ASA/DHA和GSH/GSSG分别提高74.46%、60.95%。说明在渗透胁迫下1 mmol·L^(-1)浓度Spd能够促进甜瓜幼苗生长,稳定生物膜系统,增强甜瓜幼苗抗氧化能力,有效缓解渗透胁迫对甜瓜幼苗伤害的作用。

血清亚精胺作为绝经后女性髋部骨折潜在预测指标的初步研究

目的通过代谢组学确定与绝经后女性骨质疏松性骨折风险有关的替代指标,确定候选代谢物的预测价值。方法2018年12月~2021年8月收治的158例非创伤性髋部骨折的绝经后女性为分析对象(骨折组),另纳入197例非骨折绝经后女性为对照(非骨折组)。使用AbsoluteIDQTM p180试剂盒和靶向代谢组学法进行血清代谢物进行定量分析。采用单因素及多因素Logistic回归分析绝经后女性骨质疏松性骨折的影响因素,Spearman、Pearson分析其相关性。结果与非骨折组相比,骨折组只有血清精氨酸[(105.2±22.4)μmol/L vs.(96.3±23.5)μmol/L]、亮氨酸[(180.9±50.0)μmol/L vs.(156.7±39.5)μmol/L]和亚精胺[(1.03±0.67)μmol/L vs.(0.51±0.12)μmol/L]水平显著升高(P<0.05)。Logistic回归分析结果显示,在调整年龄、BMI、并发症、吸烟状况后,只有血清亚精胺浓度与髋部骨折风险显著相关(HR=1.35,95%CI=1.03~1.65,P=0.020)。经受试者工作特性曲线分析,血清亚精胺水平预测绝经后女性发生髋部骨折的曲线下面积为0.882(95%CI:0.847~0.916)。经Spearman分析,全髋T值与血清亚精胺水平呈显著负相关(r=-0.192,P<0.001)。血清亚精胺低水平亚组病人血清精胺和腐胺水平均较高水平亚组升高;经Pearson相关性分析,骨折组病人血清亚精胺水平与精胺(r=-0.237,P<0.001)和腐胺(r=-0.189,P=0.004)呈负相关。经单因素和多因素Logistic回归分析,血清亚精胺水平≥0.58μmol/L是绝经后女性发生髋部骨折风险增加的独立危险因素(P<0.001)。结论绝经后女性基线血清亚精胺水平升高与髋部骨折发生风险增加相关,对预测绝经后女性脆性骨折的发生有良好效能。

亚精胺通过抑制细胞凋亡、ROS生成及铁死亡减轻脂多糖诱导的小鼠心肌损伤

目的观察亚精胺(SPD)对脂多糖(LPS)诱导的脓毒症心肌损伤的保护作用及机制研究。方法在动物水平上,C57BL/6小鼠随机分为:空白对照组(Control)、LPS组(10mg/kg)、LPS+SPD组(5mmol/L),应用HE染色观察小鼠心肌组织形态变化,透射电镜观察心肌线粒体超微结构。在细胞水平上,根据处理方式及10和20μmol/LSPD,将大鼠H9c2心肌细胞随机分为:Control、LPS、LPS+SPD10、LPS+SPD20组,应用CCK-8试剂盒检测细胞活力,乳酸脱氢酶试剂盒检测细胞LDH水平、ELISA测定心肌细胞cTNI的变化,Western blot检测凋亡蛋白Bax、Bcl-2、Cleaved-caspase3表达水平及铁死亡相关蛋白SLC7A11、GPX4表达水平,应用荧光探针检测细胞活性氧ROS及Fe^(2+)水平,JC-1染色法检测细胞线粒体膜电位。结果小鼠心肌组织HE染色及透射电镜结果显示:Control组心肌及线粒体结构正常,LPS处理后,小鼠心肌组织结构紊乱、间隙变大,并且线粒体明显损伤,出现肿大、空泡化及坏死等现象,SPD处理可改善LPS导致的心肌及线粒体损伤。细胞水平上,与空白对照组相比,LPS组细胞活力明显下降(P<0.05),LDH、cTNI水平明显升高(P<0.05),细胞凋亡蛋白Bax、Cleaved-caspase3水平增加(P<0.05),Bcl-2蛋白表达水平下降(P<0.05),SLC7A11、GPX4蛋白的表达水平降低(P<0.05),细胞活性氧ROS及Fe^(2+)水平增加(P<0.05),线粒体膜电位下降;经SPD预处理后,H9c2细胞活力明显增加(P<0.05),LDH、cTNI水平降低(P<0.05),细胞凋亡蛋白Bax,Cleaved-caspase3的表达水平降低(P<0.05),Bcl-2蛋白表达水平增加(P<0.05),铁死亡相关蛋白SLC7A11、GPX4的表达水平增加(P<0.05),细胞活性氧ROS及Fe^(2+)水平降低(P<0.05),线粒体膜电位上升。结论SPD可减轻脓毒症心肌损伤,其机制与降低细胞凋亡、抑制细胞活性氧ROS产生、减轻铁死亡有关。

多胺在肿瘤发生发展中的作用及其干预研究进展

多胺在肿瘤发生发展、靶向治疗和免疫治疗方面发挥着重要的作用。多胺包括腐胺、精胺和亚精胺等,临床研究和实验结果显示肿瘤存在多种形式的多胺代谢异常,且多胺代谢异常的研究对于肿瘤靶向治疗、免疫治疗生化标志物研究具有重要价值。随着对多胺在肿瘤发生发展和肿瘤治疗中作用的认识不断加深,人们对以多胺代谢为靶点的抗肿瘤干预策略的兴趣日益加深。本文综述多胺及其代谢与不同类型肿瘤进展的关系,旨在总结多胺代谢调控的药物靶点和临床防治药物开发策略。

辽宁省农村地区成年人群血清亚精胺流行病学分布特征

目的了解辽宁省阜新蒙古自治县农村地区≥35岁成年人血清亚精胺分布状况及影响因素,为进一步开展以血清亚精胺为线索的衰老相关疾病的干预措施提供理论支持。方法于2019年6月至8月,采用分层整群随机抽样方法在中国辽宁省阜蒙县开展流行病学调查,选取年龄在≥35岁且无关键变量缺失的研究对象,采用高效液相色谱-荧光法(HPLC-FLD)检测血清亚精胺含量。采用SPSS22.0软件进行统计分析,描述不同性别、年龄等人口学特征人群的血清亚精胺分布状况及其影响因素。结果研究对象平均年龄为(59±10)岁,其中男性1573名(35.76%),女性为2826名(64.24%)。研究对象血清亚精胺水平为24.8(13.4,50.1)ng/ml,男性35~44岁组和≥65岁组、饮酒、吸烟和超重者的血清亚精胺水平较高(P<0.05)。Spearman相关性分析结果显示,血清亚精胺水平与年龄、舒张压和体质指数呈正相关(r=0.044,0.046,0.051,P<0.05),与高密度脂蛋白胆固醇呈负相关(r=-0.031,P<0.05)。结论辽宁省农村地区≥35岁成人血清亚精胺的分布存在人群差异,且受到性别、年龄、体质指数及行为生活方式等因素的影响。同时,亚精胺与衰老及心血管疾病,尤其是脑卒中密切相关。

亚精胺和柠檬酸联合处理促进荞麦芽中γ-氨基丁酸的富集

γ-氨基丁酸(γ-Aminobutyric Acid,GABA)是一种具有众多生理功能的活性物质,在谷物中含量普遍较低,但通过胁迫处理可以得到有效富集。该研究以荞麦为原料,重点研究了柠檬酸和亚精胺联合处理对荞麦芽GABA含量的影响,并初步解析了其作用机制。响应面优化试验发现,2 mmol/L柠檬酸和0.1 mmol/L亚精胺联合处理更有助于荞麦发芽过程中GABA的积累,含量可达12.23 mg/g,比单独处理分别提高了1.11和1.27倍。同时,分别考察联合处理下谷氨酸脱羧酶(GAD)、二胺氧化酶(DAO)和多胺氧化酶(PAO)的活力以解析GABA含量变化的原因。结果表明处理后三种关键酶的活力分别为1204 nmol/(min.g)、18.92 U/g和3.58 U/g,较未处理和单独处理的组别有显著提高,研究结果说明柠檬酸和亚精胺联合处理可显著提高荞麦芽GABA含量,这与GABA合成途径中关键酶GAD、DAO和PAO的酶活力提高有关,而且联合处理具有一定的协同作用。该研究为富集谷物GABA提供了思路和理论依据。

亚精胺的神经保护作用及机制的研究进展

亚精胺作为一种在神经细胞中含量较高的天然多胺,在神经系统中有着调节突触可塑性、促进自噬、减轻氧化应激等作用。亚精胺及多胺代谢可能为神经系统损伤性疾病带来新的治疗思路。本研究围绕亚精胺在神经系统损伤性疾病中发挥的神经保护作用及机制展开综述。

亚精胺缓解细胞衰老及衰老相关疾病的研究进展

衰老是机体随着时间推移而发生的不可抗拒的自然变化,表现为生物体形态结构的改变和生理功能的衰退,同时伴随着多种老年性疾病的发生。亚精胺作为天然的多胺类物质,在抑制机体衰老进程中发挥着重要作用。最近的研究表明,亚精胺通过激活细胞自噬,清除受损的线粒体,干预脂肪代谢和调节细胞周期等方式,清除衰老细胞,维持组织微环境稳定,抑制衰老相关疾病的发生和进展。系统地阐述了亚精胺的体内和体外的合成过程,缓解细胞衰老的分子机制,以及在减缓机体衰老生理过程和多种衰老相关疾病中的治疗作用,以期为衰老相关疾病的转归与临床治疗提供参考。

亚精胺通过改善心脏线粒体能量代谢缓解压力超负荷小鼠心力衰竭

目的:探讨亚精胺(spermidine,SPD)对小鼠压力超负荷心肌肥大和心力衰竭的缓解作用及其机制。方法:(1)将8周龄的雄性C57BL/6J小鼠随机分为4组:假手术(sham)组、sham+SPD喂养组、主动脉弓缩窄(transverse aortic constriction,TAC)组和TAC+SPD组。TAC术后,sham+SPD组和TAC+SPD组小鼠经饮水喂养SPD(3 mmol/L);Western blot检测心肌组织沉默信息调节因子6(silent information regulator 6,SIRT6)、过氧化物酶体增殖物激活受体γ辅激活因子1(peroxisome proliferator-activated receptorγcoactivator-1,PGC-1)和线粒体融合蛋白2(mitofusin 2,MFN2)表达量;分离成年小鼠心肌细胞,观察细胞长度和宽度;麦胚凝集素染色观察心肌细胞面积;Masson染色评估心肌纤维化面积;心脏超声检查心功能及心肌肥大情况;透射电镜观察心肌线粒体形态;采用Oxygraph-2k高分辨呼吸能量代谢仪检测心肌线粒体耗氧量。(2)用血管紧张素II(angiotensin II,Ang II;1μmol/L)处理原代大鼠心室肌细胞,建立心肌细胞肥大模型。将这些心肌细胞分为对照(control,Con)组、Con+SPD(1 mmol/L)组、Ang II组、Ang II+SPD组和Ang II+SPD+SIRT6 siRNA(siSIRT6)组。共聚焦显微镜观察心肌细胞面积和线粒体。结果:(1)与sham组比较,TAC组小鼠心功能显著降低(P<0.05),病理性心肌肥大程度显著升高(P<0.05),心肌组织SIRT6、PGC-1和MFN2表达水平显著降低(P<0.05)。相比于TAC组,TAC+SPD组小鼠心肌组织SIRT6、PGC-1和MFN2表达水平显著升高(P<0.05),病理性心肌肥大程度减轻(P<0.05),心肌细胞肥大缓解(P<0.05),线粒体数目和线粒体嵴密度增多(P<0.05),线粒体功能有所改善(P<0.05),心肌纤维化减轻(P<0.05),心脏收缩功能改善(P<0.05)。(2)细胞实验中,相比于Con组,Ang II组心肌细胞SIRT6、PGC-1和MFN2表达水平显著降低(P<0.05),心肌细胞肥大程度显著增加(P<0.05);与Ang II组相比,Ang II+SPD组心肌细胞SIRT6、PGC-1和MFN2表达水平显著升高(P<0.05),细胞肥大缓解(P<0.05),线粒体动力学改善(P<0.05),而Ang II+SPD+siSIRT6组SIRT6、PGC-1和MFN2表达量无显著差异,心肌细胞肥大程度和线粒体动力学亦无显著差异。结论:SPD可以促进SIRT6、PGC-1和MFN2的表达,改善压力超负荷小鼠线粒体功能,减轻心肌肥大,从而缓解心力衰竭。

Ethylene and Spermidine in Wheat Grains in Relation to Starch Content and Granule Size Distribution Under Water Deficit

Two wheat cultivars （Triticum aestivum L.） were used to evaluate the effects ofpost-anthesis severe water deficit （SD） on starch content and granule size distribution and their relations with ethylene and spermidine （Spd）. Comparison to the well-watered （WW） treatment, SD led to lower Spd and higher 1-aminocylopropane-l-carboxylic acid （ACC） concentrations and ethylene evolution rate （EER） in grains at the critical stage of forming starch granules. Application of Spd or aminoethoxyvinylglycine （AVG） significantly reduced ACC concentration and EER and increased Spd concentration, while ethephon or methylglyoxal-bis （MGBG） had an opposite impact. The volume and surface area distribution of starch granules showed a bimodal curve, while the number distribution exhibited a unimodal curve. SD caused a marked drop in grain weight, grain number and starch content, also led to a significant reduction in the proportion （both by volume and by surface area） of B-type starch granules （〈10 Ixm）, with an increase in those of A-type starch granules （〉10 ~tm）. Application of Spd or AVG increased the proportion （both by volume and by surface area） of B-type starch granules under SD. Correlation analysis suggested that ethylene and Spd showed an antagonism relation in the formation of B-type granules. These results suggested that it would be good for the formation of B-type starch granules to have the physiological traits of higher Spd and lower ACC concentrations and ethylene emission under SD.

Effect of Ice-Temperature and Spermidine on Chilling Sensitivity of Pepper

The peppers which were treated at ice-temperature for 6 hours and 1 mmol/L spermidine for 10 min, followed by cold storage (4℃ ± 1℃) respectively were investigated. The results indicated that the chilling injury was delayed and reduced by ice-temperature and spermidine treatments. Comparing with control group, ice-temperature and spermidine exerted significant effects on reduction of ascorbic acid (Vc) and chlororphyll contents, relatively high activity of superoxide dismutase (SOD), accumulation of malondialdehyde (MDA) as well as the increase of cell membrane penetrability. The results indicated that the spermidine and ice-temperature induced the activity of antioxidant enzyme SOD and maintained higher defence-related compound Vc as well as lower levels of membrane lipid peroxidation, which may be associated with chilling injury alleviation. There was a difference between ice-temperature treatment and spermidine treatment after 30 days. The results suggested that spermidine was more effective in reducing chilling sensitivity and prolonging storage of peppers.

Differential Proteins Expressed in Rice Leaves and Grains in Response to Salinity and Exogenous Spermidine Treatments

Exogenous application of spermidine（Spd） has been reported to modulate physiological processes and alleviate salt-induced damage to growth and productivity of several plants including rice. Employing a proteomic approach, we aimed at identifying rice leaf and grain proteins differentially expressing under salt stress, and in response to Spd prior to Na Cl treatment. A total of 9 and 20 differentially expressed protein spots were identified in the leaves of salt-tolerant（Pokkali） and saltsensitive（KDML105） rice cultivars, respectively. Differential proteins common to both cultivars included a photosynthetic light reaction protein（oxygen-evolving complex protein 1）, enzymes of Calvin cycle and glycolysis（fructose-bisphosphate aldolase and triose-phosphate isomerase）, malate dehydrogenase, superoxide dismutase and a hypothetical protein（Os I_18213）. Most proteins were present at higher intensities in Pokkali leaves. The photosynthetic oxygen-evolving enhancer protein 2 was detected only in Pokkali and was up-regulated by salt-stress and further enhanced by Spd treatment. All three spots identified as superoxide dismutase in KDML105 were up-regulated by Na Cl but down-regulated when treated with Spd prior to Na Cl, indicating that Spd acted directly as antioxidants. Important differential stress proteins detected in mature grains of both rice cultivars were late embryogenesis abundant proteins with protective roles and an antioxidant protein, 1-Cys-peroxiredoxin. Higher salt tolerance of Pokkali partly resulted from higher intensities and more responsiveness of the proteins relating to photosynthesis light reactions, energy metabolism, antioxidant enzymes in the leaves, and stress proteins with protective roles in the grains.

Exogenous Spermidine Promotes Somatic Embryogenesis of Cunninghamia lanceolata by Altering the Endogenous Phytohormone Content

In order to study how exogenous hormones in C.lanceolata(gymnosperm)regulate somatic embryogenesis,we measured the endogenous phytohormones of two genotypes with different somatic embryogenesis efficiency and found that an increase in endogenous concentrations of IAA and ABA may be correlated to more efficient somatic embryogenesis.By applying exogenous spermidine,we found that exogenous hormones may affect somatic embryogenesis efficiency through affecting the endogenous phytohormone content.Based on these results,further studies can be conducted whereby the concentration of exogenous hormones or the levels of endogenous phytohormones by molecular methods are regulated to promote somatic embryogenesis.Our research may benefit the long-term economic output of the forestry industry and lays the foundation to studying the molecular mechanism that controls somatic embryogenesis efficiency.

PRODUCTION AND APPLICATION OF MONOCLONAL ANTIBODY TO POLYAMINE (PREPARATION AND CHARACTERISTICS OF MONOCLONAL ANTIBODIES AGAINST SPERMIDINE)

A monoclonal antibody was first prepared by fusion of mouse myeloma cells (SP2/0-Ag-14) with spleen cells isolated from male BALB/ c mice immunized with spermidine-bovine serum albumin conjugate (SPD- BSA). The hybridoma cell line producing antibody specific for spermidine was cultured in vitro and after i. p. into mice, the ascitic fluid gave suitably high dilution titres (1: 106) by enzyme immunoassay. This monoclonal antibody is of IgG1 class and the bimolecular compleex with molecular weight of 52KD and 27 KD. The monoclonal antibody was clearly specific to spermidine comparing with spermine or putriscine. Monclonal antibody may prove to be useful in the rapid diagnosis and evaluation of patients with cancer.

Potent trophic activity of spermidine supramolecular complexes in in vitro models

AIM:To test the growth-promoting activity of the polyamine spermidine bound to various polymeric compounds in supramolecular complexes.METHODS:A thiazolyl blue cell viability assay was used to determine the growth-promoting potency of spermidine-supramolecular complexes in a human skin fibroblast cell line exposed to spermidine and different spermidine-supramolecular complexes that were obtained by combining spermidine and polyanionic polymers or cyclodextrin.Reconstituted human vaginal epithelium was exposed to a specific spermidinesupramolecular complex,i.e.,spermidine-hyaluronan(HA)50,and cell proliferation was determined by Ki-67immunohistochemical detection.Transepithelial electrical resistance and histological analysis were also performed on reconstituted human vaginal epithelium to assess tissue integrity.RESULTS:The effect of spermidine and spermidinesupramolecular complexes was first tested in skin fi-broblasts.Spermidine displayed a reverse dose-related mode of activity with mmol/L growth inhibition,whereas 30%stimulation over basal levels was detected at mol/L and nmol/L levels.Novel spermidine-supramolecular complexes that formed between spermidine and polyanionic polymers,such as HA,alginate,and polymaleate,were then tested at variable spermidine concentrations and a fixed polymer level(0.1%w/v).Spermidine-supramolecular complexes stimulated the cell growth rate throughout the entire concentration range with maximal potency(up to 80%)at sub-mol/L levels.Similar results were obtained with spermidine-(-cyclodextrin),another type of spermidine-supramolecular complex.Moreover,the increased expression of Ki-67 in the reconstituted human vaginal epithelium exposed to spermidine-HA 50 showed that the mode of action behind the spermidine-supramolecular complexes was increased cell proliferation.Functional and morphological assessments of reconstituted human vaginal epithelium integrity did not show significant alterations after exposure to spermidine-HA,thus supporting its safety.CONCLUSION:Spermidine found in spermidine-supramolecular complexes displayed potentiated regenerative effects.Safety data on reconstituted human vaginal epithelium suggested that assessing spermidinesupramolecular complex efficacy in atrophic disorders is justified.

SPERMIDINE RADIOIMMUNOASSAY IN MONITOR OF PRECANCEROUS LESIONS OF ESOPHAGUS

Serum spermidine was assayed by radioimmuno-assay in different stages of esophageal carcinogenesis in the population from high risk area of esophageal cancer, Linxian County. The serum spermidine values were 76.94+74.38 ng ml in 36 normal individuals; 115.71+113.45 ng/ml in 35 patients with marked epithelial hyperplasia (MEH) and 294.48+135.36 ng/ml in 31 patients with early esophageal cancer. Patients with MEH were given intervention treatment by Aminoretinoic Ester or Anticancer B or placebo (starch) as controls. One year later, samples from the population were collected again for serum spermidine msasurement. The values were 95.8+ 68.2 ng/ml in 27 normals; 125.1±72.9 ng/ml in 62 patients with MEH treated by Anticancer B; 125.6± 117.2 ng/ml in 64 patients with MEH treated by Aminoretinoic Ester; 162.4±76.6 ng/ml in 62 controls and 210.5±182.9 ng/ml in 44 patients with early esophageal cancer.The results showed that spermidine radioim-munoassay could reflect the tendency of esophageal precancerous changes toward cancer or back to normal. They can be taken as a mid-way monitor indicator for tumor-blocking drugs. Also, it could be of value in the early diagnosis of esophageal cancer.

外源亚精胺对盐胁迫下马铃薯幼苗生长和抗逆生理特征的影响

为了探究亚精胺(Spd)增强马铃薯幼苗耐盐性的生理调节机制,了解不同耐盐性马铃薯品种对Spd的响应差异,采用营养液培养方法,以100,200,300 mmol/L NaCl溶液模拟不同盐胁迫程度,选择中度耐盐品种‘晋薯16号’、轻度耐盐品种‘冀张薯12号’脱毒幼苗为试材,在幼苗长至4~5片真叶时,连续叶面喷施0.9 mmol/L外源Spd 7 d,每天2次,分析叶面喷施Spd对不同盐胁迫程度下马铃薯幼苗生长、叶片抗氧化酶活性、渗透调节物质含量的影响。结果表明:叶面喷施Spd缓解了盐胁迫对马铃薯幼苗生长的抑制,提高了叶片叶绿素含量和根系活力,增强了叶片超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)、过氧化物酶(POD)、过氧化氢酶(CAT)、抗坏血酸过氧化物酶(APX)等抗氧化酶活性,提高了氧化物质抗坏血酸(ASA)和谷胱甘肽(GSH)含量,增加了叶片脯氨酸、可溶性糖、氨基酸含量;在200 mmol/L NaCl胁迫条件下,Spd对‘晋薯16号’缓解作用最显著。可见,外源Spd能通过提高马铃薯幼苗根系活力以及叶片叶绿素含量、抗氧化酶活性、渗透调节能力,增强马铃薯幼苗对盐胁迫的适应性和耐受性,从而促进马铃薯幼苗生长。

亚精胺的抗衰机制及在人体皮肤中的应用前景

亚精胺(SPD)是一种低分子天然多胺(PA),具有抗衰老、延长机体寿命等多种作用。近年来发现SPD在皮肤抗衰老和改善皮肤功能方面也显示出明显的功效。抗氧化应激机制和细胞自噬机制是皮肤抗衰老的两个重要机制,SPD可以抑制炎症,能减少小鼠体内活性氧(ROS)的产生以及抑制脂质过氧化,显示出明显抗氧化作用。SPD能够通过影响细胞自噬机制调节线粒体功能,从而抑制线粒体氧化损伤和基因突变,对皮肤起到抗衰老作用,也能通过自噬机制促进肌肉卫星细胞的增殖来抑制肌肉衰老以及抑制紫外线辐射对皮肤的光老化作用。SPD可以增强人体的面部皮肤结构并形成脂质屏障,可以增加人体老化皮肤中胶原蛋白和弹性蛋白的表达,具有显著的抗人体皮肤衰老作用。在对皮肤的其他作用方面,SPD对小鼠的创伤皮肤具有促进修复作用,还能促进皮肤黑色素的生成以及刺激毛发生长。本文就SPD在皮肤中的研究进展及其刺激性和毒性的研究概况进行综述,展望了SPD在人体皮肤方面的开发和应用前景。