Windows、Linux和TCP/IP中Timer的实现机制

在系统和应用程序的软件开发过程中,常常使用计数器,用来设置命令的超时时间,触发定时事件等。在Windows系统下,使用内核对象来管理各种各样的资源,计数器内核对象就是其中的一个.主要讨论了Windows、Linux和TCP/IP中关于Timer的实现机制和特性,并给出了应用的例子以供理解.

通过交叉验证堆栈和VAD信息检测Windows代码注入

Windows 32/64位代码注入攻击是恶意软件常用的攻击技术,在内存取证领域,现存的代码注入攻击检测技术在验证完整性方面不能处理动态内容,并且在解析内存中数据结构方面无法兼容不同版本的Windows系统。因此提出了通过交叉验证进程堆栈和VAD信息定位注入代码方法,将基于遍历栈帧得到的函数返回地址、模块名等信息结合进程VAD结构来检测函数返回地址、匹配文件名以定位注入代码,并且研发了基于Volatility取证框架的Windows代码注入攻击检测插件codefind。测试结果表明,即使在VAD节点被恶意软件修改,方法仍能够有效定位Windows 32/64位注入代码攻击。

基于Windows Server Failover Cluster的Apache故障转移集群应用实践

在当前互联网时代,Web应用程序的高可用性和可靠性是确保业务持续运行的关键因素。针对Apache Web服务器,介绍了利用Windows Server 2019 Failover Cluster构建Apache故障转移集群的实践方案。通过配置两个节点的故障转移集群,当某个节点发生故障时,Apache服务将自动在另一个节点上重新启动,从而最大程度地减少系统中断的时间,提高Web应用的可用性。详细阐述了集群搭建的具体步骤、配置要点、集群验证方法以及运行时的监控与维护方法,为构建高可用Apache Web服务器提供一种实用的解决方案。

基于Windows/RTX的实时仿测软件设计

针对传统测试软件实时性有限、传统仿真接口软件通用性程度低的问题,为满足半实物仿真软件需兼顾单元测试和控制系统仿真验证的需求,设计了基于Windows/RTX的实时仿测软件。仿测软件采用模块化的设计原则,开发了GUI层人机交互界面和RTX层实时运行程序。为保证实时性,采用无锁循环缓冲区+双线程技术,解决了RTX环境下仿真步长为1 ms时串口数据收发的超时问题;提出一种超时检测算法监测仿真节点的实时状态。借助cJSON优化了测试用例配置文件,用户可以更灵活地编辑测试用例,利用RTW自动代码生成将弹体模型编译集成到RTX仿测软件工程。实验结果表明:该仿测软件有效兼顾了单测与仿真,提高了仿测软件的通用性和二次开发效率,降低了开发难度。

Determination of Timer Error and Evaluation of Its Effect on Dose for OB6, GammaBeam X200 and X-Ray Irradiators at the Secondary Standard Dosimetry Laboratory in Nigeria

Timer error as well as its convention is very important for dose accuracy during irradiation. This paper determines the timer error of irradiators at Secondary Standard Dosimetry Laboratory (SSDL) in Nigeria. The irradiators are Cs-137 OB6 irradiator and X-ray irradiators at the Protection level SSDL;and Co-60 irradiator at the Therapy Level SSDL. PTW UNIDOS electrometer and LS01 Ionization chamber were used at the Protection Level to obtain doses for both Cs-137 OB6 and X-ray irradiators while an IBA farmer type ionization chamber and an IBA DOSE 1 electrometer were used at the Protection Level SSDL. Single/multiple exposure method and graphical method were used in the determination of the timer error for the three irradiators. The timer error obtained for Cs-137 OB6 irradiator was 0.48 ± 0.01 s, the timer error for the X-ray irradiator was 0.09 ± 0.01 s while the timer error obtained for GammaBeam X200 was 1.21 ± 0.04 s. It was observed that the timer error is not affected by source to detector distance. It was also observed that the timer error of Co-60 Gamma X200 irradiator is increasing with the age of the machine. Source to detector distance and field size do not contribute towards the timer error of the irradiators. The timer error of the Co-60 Gamma X200 irradiator (the only irradiator among the irradiators with a pneumatic system) increases with the age of the irradiator.

Bimetallic In_(2)O_(3)/Bi_(2)O_(3) Catalysts Enable Highly Selective CO_(2) Electroreduction to Formate within Ultra-Broad Potential Windows

CO_(2)electrochemical reduction reaction(CO_(2)RR)to formate is a hopeful pathway for reducing CO_(2)and producing high-value chemicals,which needs highly selective catalysts with ultra-broad potential windows to meet the industrial demands.Herein,the nanorod-like bimetallic ln_(2)O_(3)/Bi_(2)O_(3)catalysts were successfully synthesized by pyrolysis of bimetallic InBi-MOF precursors.The abundant oxygen vacancies generated from the lattice mismatch of Bi_(2)O_(3)and ln_(2)O_(3)reduced the activation energy of CO_(2)to*CO_(2)·^(-)and improved the selectivity of*CO_(2)·^(-)to formate simultaneously.Meanwhile,the carbon skeleton derived from the pyrolysis of organic framework of InBi-MOF provided a conductive network to accelerate the electrons transmission.The catalyst exhibited an ultra-broad applied potential window of 1200 mV(from-0.4 to-1.6 V vs RHE),relativistic high Faradaic efficiency of formate(99.92%)and satisfactory stability after 30 h.The in situ FT-IR experiment and DFT calculation verified that the abundant oxygen vacancies on the surface of catalysts can easily absorb CO_(2)molecules,and oxygen vacancy path is dominant pathway.This work provides a convenient method to construct high-performance bimetallic catalysts for the industrial application of CO_(2)RR.

Strong Interaction Between Redox Mediators and Defect-Rich Carbons Enabling Simultaneously Boosted Voltage Windows and Capacitance for Aqueous Supercapacitors

Energy density,the Achilles’heel of aqueous supercapacitors,is simultaneously determined by the voltage window and specific capacitance of the carbon materials,but the strategy of synchronously boosting them has rarely been reported.Herein,we demonstrate that the rational utilization of the interaction between redox mediators(RMs)and carbon electrode materials,especially those with rich intrinsic defects,contributes to extended potential windows and more stored charges concurrently.Using 4-hydroxy-2,2,6,6-tetramethylpiperidinyloxyl(4OH-TEMPO)and intrinsic defect-rich carbons as the RMs and electrode materials,respectively,the potential window and capacitance are increased by 67%and sixfold in a neutral electrolyte.Moreover,this strategy could also be applied to alkaline and acid electrolytes.The first-principle calculation and experimental results demonstrate that the strong interaction between 4OH-TEMPO and defectrich carbons plays a key role as preferential adsorbed RMs may largely prohibit the contact of free water molecules with the electrode materials to terminate the water splitting at elevated potentials.For the RMs offering weaker interaction with the electrode materials,the water splitting still proceeds with a thus sole increase of the stored charges.The results discovered in this work could provide an alternative solution to address the low energy density of aqueous supercapacitors.

Vehicle routing optimization algorithm based on time windows and dynamic demand

To provide the supplier with the minimizum vehicle travel distance in the distribution process of goods in three situations of new customer demand,customer cancellation service,and change of customer delivery address,based on the ideas of pre-optimization and real-time optimization,a two-stage planning model of dynamic demand based vehicle routing problem with time windows was established.At the pre-optimization stage,an improved genetic algorithm was used to obtain the pre-optimized distribution route,a large-scale neighborhood search method was integrated into the mutation operation to improve the local optimization performance of the genetic algorithm,and a variety of operators were introduced to expand the search space of neighborhood solutions;At the real-time optimization stage,a periodic optimization strategy was adopted to transform a complex dynamic problem into several static problems,and four neighborhood search operators were used to quickly adjust the route.Two different scale examples were designed for experiments.It is proved that the algorithm can plan the better route,and adjust the distribution route in time under the real-time constraints.Therefore,the proposed algorithm can provide theoretical guidance for suppliers to solve the dynamic demand based vehicle routing problem.

基于Windows和Linux操作系统基线核查及加固技术的研究和应用

文章对Windows和Linux操作系统基线核查加固技术进行研究。针对电力系统主机存在的安全缺陷,从主机信息、账户及口令、主机配置、服务及应用以及日志及审计等五个大类着手,给出自动化基线核查与加固工具的总体开发架构与模块设计,重点阐述2种操作系统基线安全与加固以及数据分析等核心功能的开发流程,经测试证明了该工具的可用性和健壮性。

Fine-Tuning Cyber Security Defenses: Evaluating Supervised Machine Learning Classifiers for Windows Malware Detection

Malware attacks on Windows machines pose significant cybersecurity threats,necessitating effective detection and prevention mechanisms.Supervised machine learning classifiers have emerged as promising tools for malware detection.However,there remains a need for comprehensive studies that compare the performance of different classifiers specifically for Windows malware detection.Addressing this gap can provide valuable insights for enhancing cybersecurity strategies.While numerous studies have explored malware detection using machine learning techniques,there is a lack of systematic comparison of supervised classifiers for Windows malware detection.Understanding the relative effectiveness of these classifiers can inform the selection of optimal detection methods and improve overall security measures.This study aims to bridge the research gap by conducting a comparative analysis of supervised machine learning classifiers for detecting malware on Windows systems.The objectives include Investigating the performance of various classifiers,such as Gaussian Naïve Bayes,K Nearest Neighbors(KNN),Stochastic Gradient Descent Classifier(SGDC),and Decision Tree,in detecting Windows malware.Evaluating the accuracy,efficiency,and suitability of each classifier for real-world malware detection scenarios.Identifying the strengths and limitations of different classifiers to provide insights for cybersecurity practitioners and researchers.Offering recommendations for selecting the most effective classifier for Windows malware detection based on empirical evidence.The study employs a structured methodology consisting of several phases:exploratory data analysis,data preprocessing,model training,and evaluation.Exploratory data analysis involves understanding the dataset’s characteristics and identifying preprocessing requirements.Data preprocessing includes cleaning,feature encoding,dimensionality reduction,and optimization to prepare the data for training.Model training utilizes various supervised classifiers,and their performance is evaluated using metrics such as accuracy,precision,recall,and F1 score.The study’s outcomes comprise a comparative analysis of supervised machine learning classifiers for Windows malware detection.Results reveal the effectiveness and efficiency of each classifier in detecting different types of malware.Additionally,insights into their strengths and limitations provide practical guidance for enhancing cybersecurity defenses.Overall,this research contributes to advancing malware detection techniques and bolstering the security posture of Windows systems against evolving cyber threats.

快速拓展Windows实时性!史上最小的PLC运动控制器发布

为了解决Windows系统下可视化界面友好、软件开发容易、兼容性好,但无法实现实时性控制;其它带有实时控制功能的系统存在软件平台搭建困难、开发难度高、兼容性差等问题。立迈胜研发了一种NIMC301-A微型运动控制器,可以做到开箱即用,极大地增加了用户的易用性。其自带CANopen主站,具备PLC控制功能,也可为WindoWs平台提供实时性拓展,而体积仅相当于“U盘”大小!

畅玩3A、能装Windows和Linux!国产处理器KX-7000测评来了

近日,有第三方媒体发布了关于兆芯KX-7000的评测视频,认为KX-7000不仅是目前桌面端最强的国产处理器之一,对于普通用户来说,也是最易上手的一款国产CPU。KX-7000是兆芯最新一代的国产X86处理器,部分海外网站媒体(如PC Watch)对其进行了性能测试并发布了结果。测试内容围绕KX-7000的架构、性能及主流应用方面进行了测试,在介绍了兆芯x86架构来源及特点的同时,展现了KX-7000在Spec2006、视频编解码、3A游戏、主流办公等应用下的数据与体验。具体如下。

远隔缺血后适应治疗对急性缺血性卒中超时间窗患者临床预后的影响:一项随机对照试验

背景急性缺血性卒中(AIS)高发,及时恢复脑血流是治疗的关键,超时间窗就诊患者无更多促进脑血流恢复的治疗手段。研究远隔缺血后适应(RIPostC)治疗对AIS超时间窗就诊患者的临床疗效、并发症和预后,具有重要的临床意义。目的探究RIPostC治疗对AIS超时间窗患者干预的影响,为超时间窗就诊的AIS患者寻求安全、有效的脑血流恢复治疗方式。方法本研究采用随机、分组、安慰剂对照法进行试验。选取2021-09-02—2022-08-31于北京航天总医院神经内科病房住院治疗的超溶栓时间窗(发病时间>6 h)的AIS患者为研究对象。依据随机数字表法将患者分为对照组和试验组。试验期+随访期共90 d,均使用同等的一般治疗、脑血管病常规治疗,试验组在此基础上给予RIPostC治疗14 d(28次),对照组给予模拟的RIPostC治疗14 d(28次)。在干预前和干预后30 d、干预后90 d,采用改良Rankin量表(mRS)、美国国立卫生研究院卒中量表(NIHSS)评估两组患者神经功能,简易精神状态检查量表(MMSE)、蒙特利尔认知评估量表(MoCA)评估患者认知功能,工具性日常生活能力量表(IADL)评估日常生活能力,焦虑自评量表(SAS)、抑郁自评量表(SDS)评估精神状态,经颅多普勒超声(TCD)评估脑血流速度,以白介素(IL)-6反映炎症情况。结果122例患者中,最终完成试验及随访99例,其中试验组49例,对照组50例。两组患者性别、年龄、基础疾病(高血压、糖尿病、冠心病)及基线NIHSS评分比较,差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。重复测量方差分析结果示,时间与组别对MMSE、MoCA、mRS、NIHSS、脑血流速度、IL-6存在交互作用(P<0.05),时间和组别对MMSE、MoCA、NIHSS、脑血流速度、IL-6主效应显著(P<0.05),时间对mRS、SAS、SDS、IADL主效应显著(P<0.05)。试验组干预后30、90 d MMSE、MoCA评分及脑血流速度均高于对照组,mRS、NIHSS评分均低于对照组(P<0.05);试验组干预后30、90 d SDS、IADL评分低于对照组(P<0.05);试验组干预后30 d SAS评分高于对照组,IL-6低于对照组(P<0.05)。99例患者中共有23例患者发生不良反应,其中试验组17例,对照组6例,两组皮肤瘀点、头晕、心慌、胸闷发生率比较,差异无统计学意义(P>0.05);对照组患者皮肤瘀斑发生率[4.00%(2/50)与12.24%(6/49)]、总不良反应发生率[12.00%(6/50)与34.69%(17/49)]低于试验组(P<0.05)。结论RIPostC治疗可降低AIS患者的炎症反应,对神经功能、认知功能抑郁情绪及颅内血流速度可起到积极的改善效果。

Windows 98环境下实时控制系统的开发

针对Ｗｉｎｄｏｗｓ ９８环境下开发实时控制系统等有关内容进行了分析，指出仅仅通过Ｗｉｎｄｏｗｓ ９８中提供的定时器要完成高精度的实时控制是不可能的，必须从软、硬件两方面加以解决。提出了两种编写中断处理程序的方法：开发虚拟设备驱动程序和使用ＴＶｉｃＨＷ３２控件。

基于Timer Pro的某摩托车发动机生产线现场改善及仿真

在现场改善中,现场数据的采集、处理主要依靠人工,存在处理效率低和质量难以保证的问题。以某摩托车发动机生产线为研究对象,提出基于时间研究软件Timer Pro进行作业测定及现场改善,并制定改善后的标准时间和作业方法。应用离散系统仿真软件Flexsim对改善前后效果进行仿真验证。结果表明,改善方案明显提升了生产线的整体生产绩效。通过基于Timer Pro的现场改善及仿真方法,企业可快速、灵活、经常地应用先进软件工具进行时间研究和现场改善,从而满足多品种少批量生产模式的需要。

基于Windows CE的数控系统中断控制

比较了几种数控系统的开发平台,指出Windows CE是开发开放式数控系统的一个较理想的选择;讨论了怎样设计驱动程序去完成基于Windows CE的数控系统的中断控制;以数控系统实时插补为例,介绍了IPC5387定时器卡中断驱动程序的开发技术。

MS Windows定时器性能分析及在定时-计数系统设计中的应用

通过对MSWindows定时器性能的测试和分析,利用多媒体定时器精度分布的特点,采用"合成定时-选择计数"方法获得预定精度定时,在放射测量定时-计数系统中应用。

中文Windows环境下的海上溢油预报系统

本文以辽东湾为示范海区，建立了中文Ｗｉｎｄｏｗｓ环境下的海上溢油预报系统。采用已经验证的环境动力和溢油行为模型，可提供海面油膜的位置和覆盖面积、水体中油的浓度分布以及溢油的比重、粘度、蒸发量、残留量、平均厚度等物化参数的实时预报信息，或用于溢油的环境风险评价。系统界面友好、输入方便、操作简单、反应快捷、后处理功能完备，并具有可扩充性。

基于Windows平台的仿真支撑系统的研究

对可运行于Windows平台的仿真支撑系统进行了研究，并加以了具体地实现。针对微机系统的特点，采用了客户/服务器方式，对大型网络实时数据库进行了精心设计，实现了利用微机群构成大型仿真系统，对模型的编写、编译、连接、调试、运行和结果分析等全过程提供支持，并将指导员台、就地操作、工程师站等功能有机地进行了集成。同时，作为一个开放的系统，还提供了应用程序编程接口，为用户的进一步开发提供了方便。在多个仿真系统的实际使用表明，本研究成果为基于Windows平台的仿真系统的开发、运行和研究提供了良好的基础。

基于Windows NT与实时扩展的开放式数控系统的研究

为了提高数控系统的开放性和运行效率,提出一种基于Windows NT及实时扩展的开放式数控系统架构及其实现方法。在该架构中,实时性弱的任务在通用PC中运行,而实时性强的运动控制任务则分布在伺服驱动器中完成。通用PC和伺服驱动器之间用现场总线进行通讯。系统软件采用模块化设计,各模块之间的通信被抽象和统一为接口,使系统软件具有良好的开放性和可扩展性。