Wireless Power Supply Based on MNG-MNZ Metamaterial for Cardiac Pacemakers

To solve the low power transfer efficiency and magnetic field leakage problems of cardiac pacemaker wireless powering, we proposed a wireless power supply system suitable for implanted cardiac pacemaker based on mu-negative(MNG) and mu-nearzero(MNZ) metamaterials. First, a hybrid metamaterial consisted of central MNG unit for magnetic field concentration and surrounding MNZ units for magnetic leakage shielding was established by theoretical calculation. Afterwards, the magnetic field distribution of wireless power supply system with MNG-MNZ metamaterial slab was acquired via finite element simulation and verified to be better than the distribution with conventional MNG slab deployed. Finally, an experimental platform of wireless power supply system was established with which power transfer experiment and system temperature rise experiment were conducted.Simulation and experimental results showed that the power transfer efficiency was improved from 44.44%,19.42%, 8.63% and 6.19% to 55.77%, 62.39%, 20.81%and 14.52% at 9.6 mm, 20 mm, 30 mm and 50 mm,respectively. The maximum SAR acquired by SAR simulation under human body environment was-7.14 dbm and maximum reduction of the magnetic field strength around the receiving coil was 2.82 A/m. The maximum temperature rise during 30min charging test was 3.85℃,and the safety requirements of human bodies were met.

Application Effect of External Diaphragm Pacemaker Combined with Active Respiratory Circulation Technology in Pulmonary Rehabilitation of Perioperative Lung Cancer Patients

Aim: To explore the application effect of external diaphragm pacemaker combined with active respiratory circulation technology in pulmonary rehabilitation of perioperative lung cancer patients. Methods: A total of 98 lung cancer patients admitted to our hospital from April 2020 to November 2021 were selected as the observation objects, and then divided into a control group and an observation group using the random number table method, with 49 cases in each group. The control group received routine admission guidance and active respiratory circulation training, while the observation group was supplemented with external diaphragm pacemaker on the basis of the control group. The intervention effect was evaluated by blood gas indicators, pulmonary function indicators, diaphragm function indicators, sputum comfort degree, and activity tolerance indicators before and after intervention. Results: Before intervention, there were no significant differences in blood gas analysis indicators, pulmonary function indicators, diaphragm function indicators, sputum comfort degree, and activity tolerance indicators between the two groups (P > 0.05). After intervention, the improvement degree of the above indicators in the observation group was higher than that in the control group (P < 0.05). Conclusions: The application of external diaphragm pacemaker combined with active respiratory circulation technology in pulmonary rehabilitation of perioperative lung cancer patients is significant, which can effectively improve the pulmonary function, blood gas function, and diaphragm function of lung cancer patients after surgery, and improve the activities of daily living and quality of life of patients.

Risk of permanent pacemaker implantation following transcatheter aortic valve replacement:Which factors are most relevant?

Transcatheter aortic valve replacement(TAVR)has emerged as a formidable treatment option for severe symptomatic aortic stenosis ahead of surgical aortic valve replacement.The encouraging results from large randomized controlled trials has resulted in an exponential rise in the use of TAVR even in the low-risk patients.However,this is not without challenges.Need for permanent pacemaker(PPM)post-TAVR remains the most frequent and clinically relevant challenge.Naturally,identifying risk factors which predispose an individual to develop high grade conduction block post-TAVR is important.Various demographic factors,electrocardiographic features,anatomic factors and procedural characteristics have all been linked to the development of advanced conduction block and need for PPM following TAVR.Amongst these electrophysiological variables,most notably a prolonged QRS>120 ms regardless of the type of conduction block seems to be one of the strongest predictors on logistic regression models.The index study by Nwaedozie et al highlights that patients requiring PPM post-TAVR had higher odds of having a baseline QRS>120 ms and were more likely to be having diabetes mellitus that those who did not require PPM.

Current knowledge for the risk factors of early permanent pacemaker implantation following transcatheter aortic valve replacement and what is next for the primary prevention?

In this editorial,we comprehensively summarized the preoperative risk factors of early permanent pacemaker implantation after transcatheter aortic valve replacement(TAVR)among patients with severe aortic stenosis from several renowned clinical studies and focused on the primary prevention of managing the modifiable factors,e.g.,paroxysmal atrial fibrillation before the TAVR.

Pacemaker post transcatheter aortic valve replacement:A multifactorial risk?

Pacemaker post-transcatheter aortic valve replacement is related to multifactorial risk.Nwaedozie et al brought to the body of evidence electrocardiogram and clinical findings.However,procedural characteristics have at least as much impact on the final need for a permanent pacemaker and potentially on the pacing rate.In this regard,long-term follow-up and understanding of the impact of long-term stimulation is of utmost importance.

Bow-and-arrow sign on point-of-care ultrasound for diagnosis of pacemaker lead-induced heart perforation:A case report and literature review

BACKGROUND Pacemaker lead-induced heart perforation is a rare but life-threatening complication of pacemaker implantation,and timely diagnosis remains a challenge for clinicians.Here,we report a case of pacemaker lead-induced cardiac perforation rapidly diagnosed by a“bow-and-arrow”sign on point-of-care ultrasound(POCUS).CASE SUMMARY A 74-year-old Chinese woman who had undergone permanent pacemaker implantation 26 d before suddenly developed severe dyspnea,chest pain,and hypotension.The patient had received emergency laparotomy for an incarcerated groin hernia and was transferred to the intensive care unit 6 d before.Computed tomography was not available due to unstable hemodynamic status,so POCUS was performed at the bedside and revealed severe pericardial effusion and cardiac tamponade.Subsequent pericardiocentesis yielded a large volume of bloody pericardial fluid.Further POCUS by an ultrasonographist revealed a unique“bow-and-arrow”sign indicating right ventricular(RV)apex perforation by the pacemaker lead,which facilitated the rapid diagnosis of lead perforation.Given the persistent drainage of pericardial bleeding,urgent off-pump open chest surgery was performed to repair the perforation.However,the patient died of shock and multiple organ dysfunction syndrome within 24 h post-surgery.In addition,we also performed a literature review on the sonographic features of RV apex perforation by lead.CONCLUSION POCUS enables the early diagnosis of pacemaker lead perforation at the bedside.A step-wise ultrasonographic approach and the“bow-and-arrow”sign on POCUS are helpful for rapid diagnosis of lead perforation.

Successful leadless pacemaker implantation in a patient with dextroversion of the heart:A case report

BACKGROUND Dextroversion is defined as the presence of dextrocardia with situs solitus,dextroloop ventricles,and normally related great arteries.Dextrocardia can pose technical challenges when interventional treatments are required.However,the challenges posed by dextroversion can be amplified due to the disruption of typical anatomical relationships,the unpredictable positioning and boundaries of cardiac structures resulting from the shift,and the pathological processes influencing rotation.CASE SUMMARY A 73-year-old woman with cardiac dextroversion suffered from a recurrence of atrial fibrillation after her radiofrequency catheter ablation and Despite the cessation of antiarrhythmic medications,there were episodes of sinus pauses and symptomatic bradycardia,with heart rates dropping as low as 28 beats per minute.CONCLUSION Dextroversion makes the implantation of leadless pacemakers more challenging,and appropriate adjustments in fluoroscope angles may be crucial for intracardiac operations.Additionally,when advancing delivery systems,attention should be paid to rotational direction during valve-crossing procedures;changes in the perspective of posture angle between normal cardiac position and dextroversion can serve as references.

Perioperative coagulation activation after permanent pacemaker placement

BACKGROUND Bradyarrhythmias are typically treated with permanent pacemakers(PM). The elimination of bradyarrhythmia by PM implantation improves the patient’s quality of life and prognosis, but it can also result in a number of sequalae. It is still unclear how PM implantation affects the hemostasis system’s parameters and how such parameters relate to different consequences after PM placement.AIM To assess the blood coagulation factor activity in PM patients throughout the perioperative period.METHODS Patients treated in the Department of Surgical Therapy of Cardiac Arrhythmias and Pacing at the Ryazan State "Regional Clinical Cardiology Dispensary" from April 2020 to December 2021 were included in the study. Before surgery, 7 and 30 d after PM placement, peripheral venous blood samples were withdrawn to measure the level of blood coagulation factor Ⅰ(FⅠ) and the activity of blood coagulation factors Ⅱ(FⅡ), Ⅴ(FⅤ), Ⅶ(FⅦ), Ⅷ(FⅧ), ⅸ(Fⅸ), ⅹ(Fⅹ), Ⅺ(FⅪ), Ⅻ(FⅫ). We used an automatic coagulometer Sysmex CA 660(Sysmex Europe, Germany) and reagents from Siemens(Siemens Healthcare Diagnostics Products GmbH, Germany).RESULTS The study included 146 patients. The activity of factors FⅤ [147.7(102.1-247.55)% vs 103.85(60-161.6)% vs 81.8(67.15-130.65)%, P = 0.002], FⅧ [80.4(60.15-106.25)% vs 70.3(48.5-89.1)% vs 63.7(41.6-88.25)%, P = 0.039], Fⅸ [86.2(70.75-102.95)% vs 75.4(59.2-88.3)% vs 73.9(56.45-93.05)%, P = 0.014], Fⅹ [188.9(99.3-308.18)% vs 158.9(83.3-230)% vs 127.2(95.25-209.35)%, P = 0.022], FⅪ [82.6(63.9-103.6)% vs 69.75(53.8-97.6)% vs 67.3(54.25-98.05)%, P = 0.002], FⅫ [87.6(67.15-102.3)% vs 78.9(63.4-97.05)% vs 81.2(62.15-97.4)%, P < 0.001] decreased at 7 and 30 d after surgery;FⅡ activity [157.9(109.7-245.25)% vs 130(86.8-192.5)% vs 144.8(103.31-185.6)%, P = 0.021] decreased at 7 d and increased at 30 d postoperatively. There were no statistically significant changes in the FVII activity within 30 d after PM placement [182.2(85.1-344.8)% vs 157.2(99.1-259)% vs 108.9(74.9-219.8)%, P = 0.128]. Subgroup analysis revealed similar changes only in patients on anticoagulant therapy. FⅫ activity decreased in patients on antiplatelet therapy [82(65.8-101.9)% vs 79.9(63.3-97.1)% vs 89.7(75.7-102.5)%, P = 0.01] 7 d after surgery, returning to baseline values at 30 d postoperatively.CONCLUSION PM placement and anticoagulant therapy were associated with decreased activity of clotting factors FⅤ, FⅧ, Fⅸ, Fⅹ, FⅪ, FⅫ in the postoperative period. FⅧ activity did not decrease within 30 d after PM placement, which may indicate endothelial injury caused by lead placement.

Subclavian Arterial Bleeding during Permanent Pacemaker Implantation: Clinical Case Report and Literature Review

Research objective: To study a clinical case that had a complication of subclavian artery bleeding during permanent pacemaker implantation process. Subject and Method: Clinical case report and literature review. Study of a patient had an indication for permanent pacemaker implantation who had complication of subclavian artery bleeding during the procedure. Result: An 84-year-old female patient was admitted to the hospital because of fainting spells with chest pain, on the background of dangerous complex arrhythmias and ischemic heart disease, and was prescribed a pacemaker for this patient. The patient had complication occurred during the procedure, which left subclavian artery bleeding was detected and treated promptly, a cardiac pacemaker was implanted on the right side of the chest, and the patient had a successful endovascular stent cover in the left subclavian artery. Conclude: Subclavian artery bleeding is a rare complication in the procedure of permanent pacemaker implantation, but it can still occur and requires quick detection and timely treatment, needs to be successful in cardiac pacemaker placement and subclavian artery drug-eluting stent cover placement intervention. Individualized patient risk assessment is needed;appropriate and standardized intervention techniques and experience can reduce the occurrence of this variable.

Balloon venoplasty for disdialysis syndrome due to pacemakerrelated superior vena cava syndrome with chylothorax postbacteraemia: A case report

BACKGROUND Although superior vena cava(SVC)syndrome has also been reported as a late complication of pacemaker(PM)implantation,acute onset of SVC syndrome caused by disdialysis syndrome in patients with PM implantation is very rare.There are no specific therapies or guidelines.CASE SUMMARY A 96-year-old woman receiving dialysis was implanted with a PM due to sick sinus syndrome.She was referred to our facility for chest discomfort experienced during dialysis.Upon examination,unilateral pleural effusion on the right side was cloudy with a foul odour.The patient was diagnosed with pyothorax and treated with antibiotics.After the effusion was reduced,it gradually reaggravated and remained cloudy.In this case,SVC syndrome,which is generally considered a late complication after PM implantation,rapidly developed following the bacteraemia,resulting in impaired venous return,chylothorax,and disdialysis syndrome.After catheter intervention for SVC stenosis,the patient’s symptoms promptly improved.The patient has been recurrence-free for a year.CONCLUSION Acute SVC syndrome can cause dysdialysis in PM-implanted patients.Catheter intervention alone has improved this condition for a traceable period.

Prediction of permanent pacemaker implantation after transcatheter aortic valve replacement:The role of machine learning

BACKGROUND Atrioventricular block requiring permanent pacemaker(PPM)implantation is an important complication of transcatheter aortic valve replacement(TAVR).Application of machine learning could potentially be used to predict preprocedural risk for PPM.AIM To apply machine learning to be used to predict pre-procedural risk for PPM.METHODS A retrospective study of 1200 patients who underwent TAVR(January 2014-December 2017)was performed.964 patients without prior PPM were included for a 30-d analysis and 657 patients without PPM requirement through 30 d were included for a 1-year analysis.After the exclusion of variables with near-zero variance or≥50%missing data,167 variables were included in the random forest gradient boosting algorithm(GBM)optimized using 5-fold cross-validations repeated 10 times.The receiver operator curve(ROC)for the GBM model and PPM risk score models were calculated to predict the risk of PPM at 30 d and 1 year.RESULTS Of 964 patients included in the 30-d analysis without prior PPM,19.6%required PPM post-TAVR.The mean age of patients was 80.9±8.7 years.42.1%were female.Of 657 patients included in the 1-year analysis,the mean age of the patients was 80.7±8.2.Of those,42.6%of patients were female and 26.7%required PPM at 1-year post-TAVR.The area under ROC to predict 30-d and 1-year risk of PPM for the GBM model(0.66 and 0.72)was superior to that of the PPM risk score(0.55 and 0.54)with a P value<0.001.CONCLUSION The GBM model has good discrimination and calibration in identifying patients at high risk of PPM post-TAVR.

214例老年缓慢性心律失常植入心脏起搏器治疗的临床观察

目的 观察不同年龄段的老年患者在治疗缓慢性心律失常时植入心脏起搏器的临床特征。方法 选取2019年1月—2021年12月在内蒙古医科大学附属医院接受心脏永久起搏器植入治疗的214例缓慢性心律失常老年患者为研究对象,根据年龄不同分为60~69岁组(60例)、70~80岁组(82例)、> 80岁组(72例)。对比3组患者首发症状、起搏器植入病因、起搏器类型及随访电极参数。结果 所有入选者首发症状以黑蒙、晕厥为主(33.64%)。不同年龄组首发症状比较,差异无统计学意义(P>0.05);老年女性乏力比例高于男性(P <0.05)。植入起搏器的病因依次为:病态窦房结综合征(以下简称病窦)79例(36.92%)、房室传导阻滞(AVB)78例(36.44%)、心房颤动(以下简称房颤)合并长间歇34例(15.89%)、双结病变23例(10.75%)。60~69岁组、70~80岁组病窦的占比均高于>80岁组(P <0.05),而>80岁组房颤合并长间歇占比高于其他两组(P <0.05)。老年女性病窦的占比高于男性,而男性Ⅱ度Ⅱ型AVB的占比高于女性(P <0.05)。起搏器植入类型以双腔为主体(185例,86.45%),>80岁组单腔起搏器植入数量高于70~80岁组(P <0.05);术后7、90 d各组患者电极阈值和阻抗较术中均下降(P <0.05),术后7 d与术后90 d比较,差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。各组患者相同时间点各个电极参数比较,差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。结论 接受心脏永久起搏器治疗的缓慢性心律失常老年患者的临床特征具有年龄和性别差异。通过短期随访,不同年龄的老年患者右心室中低位间隔固定电极均安全有效。

Micra AV无导线起搏器植入术后随访优化对房室同步率的影响

目的分析Micra AV无导线起搏器植入术后的房室同步率,探讨术后程控优化对房室同步率的影响。方法采用前瞻性队列研究,选取2022年8月至2023年6月于首都医科大学附属北京安贞医院行Micra AV无导线起搏器植入的持续三度房室传导阻滞患者,于术后1周、1个月和3个月分别进行程控和优化,记录房室同步率、电学参数和超声心动图等。结果共入选68例植入Micra AV的三度房室传导阻滞患者,平均年龄(68.2±9.7)岁,其中男47例(69.1%)。所有患者均成功植入Micra AV,术后无严重并发症发生;术中和术后1周、1个月、3个月的平均阈值、感知、阻抗参数稳定;术后超声心动图左心室射血分数变化差异无统计学意义(P=0.162);术后1周、1个月、3个月的平均房室同步率分别为(75.2%比83.8%比91.6%,P=0.001),差异有统计学意义。结论Micra AV作为心房机械感知,需要个性化来调整相关参数。术后随访程控和优化对于三度房室传导阻滞患者植入Micra AV后的房室同步起搏和舒适度体验具有重要作用。

超声引导下起搏器植入构建犬慢性心力衰竭模型的方法

目的探讨超声引导下起搏器植入构建犬慢性心力衰竭(CHF)模型的方法。方法随机选择健康犬5只,在超声引导下,将人用起搏电极经颈外静脉植入右心室心尖部,连接人用起搏器后,将其放置在右侧颈部囊袋中,采用心室非同步起搏模式,180次/min(3 d),220次/min(3 d),250次/min(3周),输出电压4.0 V,脉宽0.5 ms。通过观察起搏前后犬的临床表现、超声心动图、血浆脑钠肽水平以及心脏形态学变化来评价犬CHF模型构建的成效。结果5只犬经右心室起搏4周后均出现食欲减退、呼吸困难、活动量减少等临床表现,超声心动图证实左室射血分数降低,酶联免疫吸附试验检测血浆脑钠肽水平升高,病理染色结果显示胶原纤维增多,透射电子显微镜结果显示心肌肌原纤维断裂、肌节损伤、Z线消失、线粒体溶解和破碎。结论采用超声引导经颈外静脉植入人用起搏器建立的犬CHF模型操作方便,成功率高,是一种安全高效的CHF模型构建方法。

一种新的临时心脏起搏器置入方法及综合护理策略

目的:探讨经肘正中静脉行临时心脏起搏器置入术的可行性、安全性、舒适度和情感差异,并总结相应的综合护理策略。方法:选取2020年6月—2022年3月于我院行临时心脏起搏器置入术病人136例,采用随机数字表法分为股静脉组(F组)和肘正中静脉组(M组),各68例。统计两组病人的手术成功率、电极脱位率以及并发症发生率,并采用Kolcaba舒适状况量表(GCQ)、Zung焦虑自评量表(SAS)和Zung抑郁自评量表(SDS)进行舒适状况评价及情感评定,总结综合护理经验。结果:两组病人手术均成功,与M组比较,F组的电极脱位率和并发症发生率更高(P<0.05)。术后,与F组比较,M组GCQ评分更高(P<0.05),而SAS评分和SDS评分更低(P<0.05),相应的护理策略可以改善M组病人GCQ评分,差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05),但对F组GCQ改善不明显,差异无统计学意义(P>0.05);同时两组SAS评分和SDS评分均进一步降低,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论:与传统股静脉路径比较,经肘正中静脉置入临时心脏起搏器疗效确切,安全性更高、舒适度更佳且情绪更平稳,辅助于综合护理对病人获益更大。

体外膈肌起搏器联合间歇式训练在慢性阻塞性肺疾病急性加重期患者肺康复中的应用

目的探讨体外膈肌起搏器联合间歇式训练在慢性阻塞性肺疾病急性加重期(AECOPD)患者肺康复中的应用价值。方法选取2019年2月至2022年2月南京市第一医院呼吸内科门诊或急诊收治的100例AECOPD患者,采用随机数字表法将其分为对照组和试验组,各50例。对照组采用间歇式训练干预,试验组采用体外膈肌起搏器联合间歇式训练,两组均持续接受干预到出院,出院时进行效果评价。对两组膈肌功能、肺功能进行比较。结果干预后,两组膈肌活动度、膈肌增厚分数高于干预前,且试验组高于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。干预后,两组第1秒用力呼气量(FEV_(1))、用力肺活量(FVC)、FEV_(1)/FVC水平高于干预前,且试验组高于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论采用体外膈肌起搏器联合间歇式训练干预AECOPD患者能显著改善膈肌功能,促进肺功能康复。

体外膈肌起搏器联合人工膨肺技术对颈髓损伤气管切开患者肺功能康复的应用研究

目的探讨研究体外膈肌起搏器(EDP)联合人工膨肺技术(MHI)对颈髓损伤气管切开患者肺功能康复的应用效果。方法选取2021年4月至2022年4月于赣州市人民医院进行颈髓损伤气管切开治疗的50例患者作为研究对象,采用随机数字表法将其分为观察组(n=25)和对照组(n=25),对照组予以常规呼吸训练,观察组在对照组基础上联合EDP、MHI进行干预。比较两组患者治疗前后的肺功能变化。结果观察组治疗7、14、21、28 d的肺部感染评分均低于对照组,用力肺活量(FVC)水平均高于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。观察组治疗28 d的膈肌移动度、厚度均大于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论对于颈髓损伤气管切开患者,EDP联合MHI的应用能够有效改善患者肺功能,降低肺部感染风险,整体效果显著,值得推广。

心律失常与起搏领域临床研究2023年度进展

回顾2023年心律失常领域重要临床试验,涉及心房颤动(房颤)、起搏等方面。CIRDADOSE研究及EARLY-AF研究均肯定冷冻球囊消融治疗房颤疗效,减慢房颤进展。MANIFEST-PF研究回顾房颤脉冲场消融的成功率及安全性,在ADVENT研究中再次证实其安全性和有效性不劣于传统热消融。在左束支区域起搏(LBBAP)研究中,与双心室起搏(BVP)相比,LBBAP降低持续性室性心动过速(VT)/心室颤动(VF)和新发房颤发生率。对于起搏比例高且射血分数降低的起搏器或植入式心律转复除颤器(ICD)患者,BUDAPEST CRT升级研究肯定了其升级到心脏再同步除颤器(CRT-D)的明确获益。DANPACEⅡ研究显示窦房结功能障碍患者的心房起搏最小化并不能降低房颤的发生率。IDE研究显示Aveir DR双腔无导线起搏器术后3个月安全性良好,可提供可靠的心房起搏和房室同步。iSUSI研究是对皮下植入式心律转复除颤器的注册研究,发现心力衰竭和非心力衰竭患者不恰当和恰当电击率相似。

主动固定电极对心脏起搏器置入术患者心室起搏参数的影响

目的探讨与分析主动固定电极对心脏起搏器置入术患者心室起搏参数的影响。方法选择2020年1月—2023年4月新疆生产建设兵团第二师库尔勒医院收治的需安置埋藏式心脏起搏器的85例患者作为研究对象,根据随机掷骰子原则把85例患者分为主动组(43例)与被动组(42例)。主动组采用主动固定电极行右室流出道间隔部、希氏束起搏治疗,被动组采用被动固定电极行右室心尖部起搏治疗,记录与观察两组心室起搏参数变化情况。结果主动组起搏器置入即刻的心室起搏参数起搏阈值、阻抗、P波幅度、电流均明显低于被动组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。主动组电极置入时间、曝光时间均长于被动组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。主动组电极置入后7 d起搏系统感染、下肢深静脉血栓、起搏电极脱位、起搏功能障碍等并发症发生率明显低于被动组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。主动组的下肢制动时间、住院时间、临时心脏起搏电极留置时间均短于被动组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论主动固定电极在心脏起搏器置入术患者中的应用能改善其心室起搏参数,增加患者的电极置入时间、曝光时间,减少右心尖起搏带来的心室非同步的电激动,降低患者的并发症发生率,改善患者的总体预后。

复杂先心矫正术后合并起搏器植入患者房扑射频消融1例

心房扑动(atrial flutter,Af)是儿童时期较为少见的一类快速性心律失常,可为原发性,也可为继发性。其中继发性Af常见于先天性心脏病、心脏手术后、心肌病等。依据体表心电图的不同,房扑可分为典型Af和非典型Af^([1])。Af的治疗目前主要包括控制心室率、转复窦性心律以及抗凝治疗^([2])。射频消融治疗Af安全性和有效性高,因此逐渐成为根治Af的首选治疗方法^([3])。然而,心脏起搏器的植入无疑增加了射频消融术的难度。现就1例射频消融治疗复杂先心起搏器植入术后Af病例予以报道。