Study on the Relationship between 5-HttLPR Gene and BDNF Gene Polymorphism and Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder in Li and Han Nationality of Hainan Province

Objective: To investigate the correlation between 5-HTTLPR (5-and serotonin transporter linked polymer region) gene polymorphism and BDNF (brain derived neural factor) gene polymorphism and PTSD (post traumatic stress disorders) in Li and Han nationalities in Hainan Province. Methods: 167 Hainan Li PTSD patients, 141 Hainan Han PTSD patients and 158 healthy volunteers (control group) were investigated by ETI, caps, Toh, WCST, TMT and WAIS-RC. The polymorphisms of rs6265 locus of 5-HTTLPR and BDNF genes were detected by PCR (polymerase chain reaction) and page (polycylamide gel electrophoresis), and the correlation with PTSD was analyzed. Logistic regression analysis was used to analyze the influencing factors of PTSD. Results: The ETI score, total PTSD score and TMT time of Li PTSD patients were significantly higher than those of Han PTSD patients (P < 0.01). The comprehension, picture filling, picture arrangement, operation IQ and total IQ of WAIS-RC were significantly lower than those of Han PTSD patients (P < 0.01);The numbers of errors, TMT and Toh in WCST were significantly lower than those in Han PTSD patients (P < 0.01). There was no significant difference in the distribution of 5-HTTLPR genotype and allele between Li PTSD patients and control group (P > 0.05). SS genotype of 5-HTTLPR and (GA + AA) genotype of rs6265 locus may increase the risk of PTSD in Hainan Han population. AA and GA + AA genotypes at rs6265 locus may increase the risk of PTSD in Li population (P < 0.05). Among Li PTSD patients, the ETI score, PTSD total score, TMT time, Toh planning time and execution time of AA genotype at rs6265 locus were significantly higher than those of GG genotype;the total scores of comprehension and operation IQ, and Toh in WAIS-RC were significantly lower than those in GG genotype (P < 0.05). Among Han PTSD patients, the ETI score, PTSD total score and TMT time of SS genotype of 5-HTTLPR were significantly higher than those of LL genotype, and the comprehension, arithmetic and block diagram in WAIS-RC were significantly lower than those of LL genotype;The ETI score, PTSD total score and TMT time of patients with (GA + AA) genotype at rs6265 locus were also significantly higher than those of patients with GG genotype. The comprehension and block diagram in WAIS-RC were significantly lower than those of patients with GG genotype. The number of WCST errors in patients with AA genotype was significantly higher than those of patients with GG genotype, and the operational IQ in WAIS-RC was significantly lower than those of patients with GG genotype (P < 0.05). Conclusion: The LL genotype of 5-HTTLPR and the GG genotype of rs6265 locus are related to PTSD of Li and Han nationalities in Hainan, which are important protective factors for PTSD of Li and Han nationalities in Hainan.

Association of Gghrelin Polymorphisms with Metabolic Syndrome in Han Nationality Chinese

Objective To investigate the association of ghrelin gene polymorphisms with metabolic syndrome in Han Nationality Chinese. Methods A total of 240 patients with metabolic syndrome and 427 adults aged above forty years were recruited. Genotypes were determined by polymerase chain reaction and restriction fragment length polymorphism analysis. Results The allelic frequency of the Leu72Met polymorphism was 17.3% in the patient group and 11.9% in the control group （x^2=7.36, P=0.007）. Metabolic syndrome was more prevalent among carriers of the Met72 variant （43.8 vs 33.1%, age- and sex-adjusted odds ratio=1.57, P=0.01）. No Arg51Gln variants were found in our study subjects. Conclusion Rather than being associated with its individual components, Leu72Met polymorphism is associated with metabolic syndrome in the Han Nationality Chinese. Arg51Gln polymorphism is rare in the Han Nationality Chinese.

From Xia People to Han People and to Chinese Nation——A Study of the Trajectory of the Cohesion and Integration of Chinese Ethnic Groups

Building multiethnic China was primarily driven by the cohesion and integration of main ethnic groups within Chinese territory, but the process was recorded according to traditional ethnic group discourse system of ancient China, so there is some doubt whether “nation state” theory can interpret it precisely. This paper manages to figure out the trajectory of cohesion and integration of main ethnic groups propelled by ancient Chinese people from the Xia Dynasty to the late Qing Dynasty by focusing on traditional views on ethnic groups of ancient China. This paper contend that although there were the phenomena of naming the products of the integrations after the regimes they belonged to,“Han people,”“Hua people” and even “Zhonghua(Chinese) people,” became the designations of main cohesive ethnic groups in China over time, and the concept of “Chen Min(subjects)” and the appearance of “nationals” that developed during the Qing Dynasty successfully transformed their identity, which Liang Qichao referred to as “Chinese nation”. Efforts by the rulers of the Qing Dynasty to bridge the gaps between different ethnic groups by developing a community of “subjects”(Chenmin), produced the concept of “Chinese nation” which included the various ethnic groups with the “Han people” as the main group. This new community merely represents the present-day cohesion of the Chinese Nation and the internal integration continues.

Comparison on Detection Results of Pathogen Nucleic Acids for Bronchoalveolar Lavage Fluid of Lung Infection Infants Between Uighur Nationality and Han Nationality

Objective:To analyze the detection results of pathogen nucleic acids for bronchoalveolar lavage fluid(BALF)of lung infection infants from Uighur nationality and Han nationality.Methods:A retrospective analysis was performed on the 318 infants with lung infection who were admitted to the hospital from April 2018 to April 2019.According to their nationality,they were divided into Uighur nationality group(190 cases)and Han nationality group(128 cases).The BALF specimens were collected to test pathogen nucleic acid.The distribution and positive rates of[respiratory syncytial virus(RSV),adenovirus(ADV),influenza virus A(IFA),influenza virus B(IFB),parainfluenza virus type 1(PIV I),parainfluenza virus type 2(PIV II),parainfluenza virus type 3(PIV III)],bacteria(Streptococcus pneumoniae,Haemophilus influenzae,staphylococcus aureus,Pseudomonas aeruginosa,klebsiella pneumoniae),Mycoplasma pneumoniae(MP)and Chlamydia pneumoniae(CP)in both groups were observed and compared.Results:The virus detection for RSV,ADV and PIV III were on the top three in BALF from the children in both groups.The total positive rate of virus examination in Uighur nationality group was higher than that in Han nationality group(P<0.05).BALF in both groups was mainly on Streptococcus pneumoniae.The total positive rate of bacteria,MP and detection rate of chlamydia were higher in Uighur nationality group were higher than those in Han nationality group(P<0.05).Conclusion:The pathogen nucleic acid examination for bronchoalveolar lavage fluid in infants with lung viral infection is in the majority,mainly on RSV virus infection.The positive rates of virus,bacteria,MP and CP of children in Uighur nationality are high than those in Han nationality.

一份珍贵的学术遗产:1950年代民族问题大讨论再审视

1950年代关于民族问题的大讨论,开启了中国史学界以马克思主义理论为指导研究民族问题的热潮。当时学习的重点是斯大林关于形成民族的四个要素。斯大林强调依照这四个要素衡量,在资本主义出现之前,不可能出现民族,民族只能是资本主义时代的产物。范文澜注意到斯大林论断的适用性问题,著文指出中、欧历史情况不同。欧洲历史进入资本主义时代才有了民族国家,而古代中国早在秦汉时期就已经有了“持久的相当巩固的整体”的王朝国家,“汉民族有它自己的发展过程,并不因为有了资本主义才开始形成民族”。围绕汉民族形成时间问题所展开的大讨论实际上是在马克思主义理论指导下成规模地研讨中华民族形成问题的嚆矢。这场大讨论的丰富成果是一份珍贵的学术遗产。

汉魏六朝北地傅氏籍贯考察——以《宋书·傅弘之传》的载述为中心

魏晋南北朝是一个特殊的时代,关于世族籍贯的认定,不能只是简单地考察地理沿革和家族迁徙等表层问题,而应综合考量家族认同、国家认同、历史认同等诸多层面的历史信息。北地傅氏虽然自汉末以来寄寓关中冯翊境内,此后又流寓江南,但其姓望所系与文化根脉仍在河陇地区(义渠、灵州、泥阳)。其亦文亦武、刚直尚气的家族风尚,正是秦汉以来河陇地区风声气俗的本色呈现。如果将汉末以来北地傅氏的籍贯确定在今陕西耀县境内,不仅与北地傅氏家族兴起于河陇边塞、流离迁徙中仍然情系河陇故土的历史事实不符,而且与门阀制度背景下“寄寓他所”“仍冠旧邦”的时代风气不合,显然不是合理公允的结论。

元白话语言接触研究综述

由于元代特殊的社会文化背景,使得元白话表现出独特的语言接触面貌。目前在语法和词汇方面,学界对其研究可以说表现为从断代的静态描写到历时的动态描写,从文献的混同分析到分类对照考察,且逐渐兼顾汉语本身演变规律和语言融合因素的双重影响。不过研究成果虽多,但也存在研究广度欠缺、研究视域狭窄,对内在机制动因挖掘不够深入等问题。站在长城地带北方话语言接触底层研究的视角上,认为“汉儿言语”并非某个朝代所独有,至少在魏晋南北朝以来不断发展递变,在长城内外已构成“汉儿言语联盟”。站在北方话发展历史的角度观照“汉儿言语”“辽代汉儿言语”“蒙式汉语”“满式汉语”等均是其不同时代的变体。理清这一汉语发展脉络,对我们认识汉语基础方言的演变、认识中华民族多元一体化格局的形成,无疑具有重要的历史和现实意义。

甲状腺癌患者BRAF V600E基因突变与民族及临床病理特征的关系

目的探讨甲状腺癌患者BRAF V600E基因突变与民族及其临床病理特征的关系。方法选取2021年1月至2023年1月于右江民族医学院附属医院确诊的甲状腺癌患者300例作为研究对象,收集其病理标本,并根据患者民族将其分为壮族病例150例和汉族病例150例。采用实时荧光定量聚合酶链反应(qRT-PCR)检测BRAF基因V600E位点的突变情况。结果300例甲状腺癌患者中,突变型221例,野生型79例。壮族和汉族甲状腺癌患者BRAF V600E基因突变率比较(72.00%vs.75.33%),差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。相同民族不同性别甲状腺癌患者间BRAF V600E基因突变率比较,差异均有统计学意义(P<0.01);相同性别不同民族甲状腺癌患者间BRAF V600E基因突变率比较,差异均有统计学意义(P<0.01)。<40岁的甲状腺癌患者BRAF V600E基因突变率为88.67%,明显高于≥40岁患者的58.67%,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);但不同肿瘤最大径及不同淋巴结数目的甲状腺癌患者BRAF V600E基因突变率比较,差异均无统计学意义(P>0.05)。同一年龄范围内不同民族甲状腺癌患者间BRAF V600E基因突变率比较,差异均无统计学意义(P>0.05)。肿瘤最大径<2 cm的不同民族甲状腺癌患者间BRAF V600E基因突变率比较,差异有统计学意义(P=0.001),肿瘤最大径为2~4 cm的不同民族甲状腺癌患者间BRAF V600E基因突变率比较,差异有统计学意义(P=0.003)。相同淋巴结数目的不同民族甲状腺癌患者间BRAF基因V600E位点基因突变率比较,差异均无统计学意义(P>0.05)。不同民族甲状腺乳头状癌患者BRAF V600E基因突变率比较,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05),但不同民族甲状腺滤泡状癌及甲状腺未分化癌患者BRAF V600E基因突变率比较,差异均无统计学意义(P>0.05)。结论百色市甲状腺癌患者BRAF V600E基因突变率与民族、性别、肿瘤最大径及肿瘤类型有关。

中华民族共同体意识的历史形成与铸牢实践——以浙南畲汉民族“三交”为例

中华民族共同体意识是在各民族交往、交流、交融(简称“三交”)的历史过程中逐渐形成与发展的。浙南畲汉民族“三交”具有典型性与代表性,其行为所体现的以“自在”“自觉”“自为”为特征的中华民族共同体意识发展阶段非常鲜明。在清代,当地畲汉民族已实现了经济、文化、精神由浅至深的交往、交流、交融;而在近现代的革命斗争中,通过党的宣传,中华民族共同体意识逐渐在畲汉人群中“自觉”;中华人民共和国成立后,畲汉民族在党群互动下同舟共济、深入交融,“自为”性得到显现。浙南畲汉民族“三交”所形成的铸牢中华民族共同体意识的历史经验可以为当下民族工作的开展提供重要参考。

近现代汉族传统丧服及其文化变迁

汉族传统丧服是中国传统服饰及古代礼仪制度的重要组成部分。本文结合文化变迁特征,梳理近现代汉族传统丧服及其文化的变迁历程,揭示汉族传统丧服、丧葬仪式及丧服制度的成因及发展规律,探究近现代汉族丧服及丧葬礼俗与物质文化、制度文化及心理文化之间的关系,提出当前殡葬改革所面临困境与挑战的核心问题。深入理解传统丧服的文化内涵及其在现代社会发展转变的现实意义,承扬优秀传统服饰文化,促进传统礼俗与现代社会发展相适应。

基于16S rDNA测序分析云南高原世居汉族高血压患者肠道菌群的差异

目的:采用16S rDNA测序技术分析云南高原世居汉族新诊断高血压患者与健康人群肠道菌群的差异。方法:基于中国多民族队列(CMEC)的基线调查数据,将云南丽江永胜县汉族新诊断高血压患者分为未用药组(H组)23例,高血压药物治疗组(HM组)13例,以健康人群26例作为对照(C组)。收集3组血液、粪便样本,用于血液生化指标检测及16S r DNA测序技术分析。结果:α多样性结果显示,与C组相比,H组肠道菌群物种丰富度下降(P=0.037);β多样性结果显示,3组比较差异具有统计学意义(R^(2)=0.047,P=0.043),其中HM组与C组差异最为显著(R^(2)=0.0552,P=0.005)。在属水平上,与C组比较,H组双歧杆菌、柯林斯杆菌属、苏黎世杆菌属等7个菌属丰度显著降低,而肠球菌属丰度显著增高(均P<0.05)。H组与C组Spearman相关性分析结果显示,双歧杆菌属和柯林斯杆菌属与收缩压(SBP)和舒张压(DBP)呈负相关关系(P<0.05)。受试者工作特征(ROC)曲线分析显示,双歧杆菌和柯林斯杆菌作为高血压疾病的微生物标志物的曲线下面积(AUC)为0.78。结论:云南高原世居汉族人群高血压疾病的发生、发展与肠道菌群紊乱相关,表现为有益菌减少,有害菌增加;双歧杆菌和柯林斯杆菌或可作为高原地区人群高血压的微生物标志物,补充有益菌和调整饮食结构可预防和改善高血压。

汉族在铸牢中华民族共同体意识中的优势及其提升路径

汉族在铸牢中华民族共同体意识过程中具备人口基数、族际互动广度、群体亲和性、文化特点、族际经济互动状况、历史延续性等六方面优势,可以在凝聚中华各民族铸牢中华民族共同体意识中发挥更大作用。这些优势的发挥在具体实践中,受到民族人口空间分布格局、地域偏见和民族偏见以及潜在民族本位主义观念等因素的影响,需要及时“破”此实践路径上的障碍,同时从五方面的具体实践“立”其发挥优势的充分条件,进而同中华各民族携手同行,秉持“美人之美、美美与共”的基本理念共同臻于“铸牢”。

基于SWOT分析的国家考古遗址公园旅游开发研究--以汉长安城未央宫国家考古遗址公园为例

国家考古遗址公园能够兼顾遗址资源的保护和利用,已成为当前大考古遗址保护利用的主流模式。以汉长安城未央宫国家考古遗址公园为例,运用SWOT理论,系统分析了汉长安城未央宫国家考古遗址公园旅游开发的优势、内部劣势、外部机遇及挑战,结合遗址区周边环境特征,提出相应的开发策略,探索科学的大遗址保护利用方法,实现可持续发展。

《孙子兵法·形篇》札记——简本与十一家注本异文分析

《孙子兵法》是一部针对统帅和将军的军事著作,与统帅相关的属于军事战略思想,对将军而言的则是一系列具体的战术原则。《形篇》的旨意是对统帅讲“先为不可胜”的国防战略问题,汉简本“守则有余,攻则不足”正是这方面的认识,十一家注本改为“守则不足,攻则有余”不妥。另在“动于九天之上”前加“善攻者”有误,其主语当为“善守者”。简本“无奇胜”,指统帅要从国家整体实力出发考虑问题,不能把胜利寄托在将军个人的谋略才能上,这与《势篇》指示将军在指挥作战时要“以奇胜”没有矛盾。在“胜”前有“称”,是对“胜”的限定,强调基于客观比较分析的实践理性精神。由此可见,十一家注本对于《孙子兵法》本旨有误读。当然,这也可谓阐释过程中的军事思想发展。

北京地区汉族献血者Kidd血型系统调查

目的了解北京地区汉族献血人群Kidd血型系统的分布和基因分型。方法采用尿素溶血试验,对北京地区15984名汉族献血者进行Jk(a-b-)表型筛查。尿素溶血试验阳性标本用血清学方法确认,PCR-SSP法进行基因分型。结果筛选出1例未溶血标本,血清学试验确认为Jk(a-b-)表型,基因分型为Jk b/Jk b。结论北京汉族献血者人群中有Jk(a-b-)表型存在,稀有血型筛选对解决临床稀有血型患者紧急用血、完善稀有血型库具有重要意义。

汉代漆器纹样在国潮服装设计中的创新应用

汉代漆器造型独特,工艺精细,装饰纹饰丰富,色彩多样,是中国古代漆艺史上的鼎盛时期,在中国古代漆艺史上占据着非常重要的位置。本文围绕汉代漆器纹样图案的应用与表现手法进行重点剖析,采用文献研究法、元素重构法、创新实践法等方式探究汉代漆器纹样的应用方法,并将其与具有中国传统文化内涵的国潮服装相结合,实现传统文化与现代设计的融合创新,创造出具有中国传统文化特色的现代国潮服装设计作品。

Ultrasonographic measurement of median nerve cross-sectional area reference values in a healthy Han population from Guiyang,China

High-resolution ultrasonography was used to analyze the nerve cross-sectional area （CSA） of the median nerve at 7 sites： the wrist crease, pisiform bone, hamate bone, 6 cm proximal to the tip of the wrist crease, proximal forearm （where the nerve enters the pronator teres muscle）, 4 cm proximal to the tip of the medial epicondyle, and mid-humerus （mid-point between elbow crease and axilla） in 200 healthy volunteers from Guiyang, China. Results showed similar CSA values between the left and right sides, but the CSA 6 cm proximal to the tip of the wrist crease, proximal forearm, 4 cm proximal to tip of the medial epicondyle, and mid-humerus in males was greater than that of females. Moreover, CSA values at the wrist crease, pisiform bone, and hamate bone were greater in the middle-aged and old groups when compared to the young group, and correlated with body mass and height. Thus, reference values of median nerve CSA of the upper limbs can facilitate the analysis of abnormal nerve conditions.