Study of the Diffusion Behavior of Seawater Absorption in Multi-Walled Carbon Nanotubes/Halloysite Nanotubes Hybrid Nanofillers Modified Epoxy-Based Glass/Carbon Fiber Composites

In the maritime industry, cost-effective and lightweight Fiber Reinforced Polymer (FRP) composites offer excellent mechanical properties, design flexibility, and corrosion resistance. However, their reliability in harsh seawater conditions is a concern. Researchers address this by exploring three approaches: coating fiber surfaces, hybridizing fibers and matrices with or without nanofillers, and interply rearrangement. This study focuses on evaluating the synergistic effects of interply rearrangement of glass/carbon fibers and hybrid nanofillers, specifically Multi-walled carbon nanotubes (MWCNT) and Halloysite nanotubes (HNT). The aim is to enhance impact properties by minimizing moisture absorption. Hybrid nanocomposites with equal-weight proportions of two nanofillers: 0 wt.%, 1 wt.%, and 2 wt.% were exposed to seawater for 90 days. Experimental data was subjected to modelling through the application of Predictive Fick’s Law. The study found that the hybrid composite containing 2 wt.% hybrid nanofillers exhibited a 22.10% increase in impact performance compared to non-modified counterparts. After 90 days of seawater aging, the material exhibited enhanced resistance to moisture absorption (15.74%) and minimal reduction in impact strength (8.52%) compared to its dry strength, with lower diffusion coefficients.

Microstructure evolution and nitrides precipitation in in-situ Ti_2 AlN/TiAl composites during isothermal aging at 900°C

Microstructures of Ti2AlN/TiAl composites prepared by in-situ method were characterized in in-situ and aging treatment conditions and the nitride precipitation was investigated in Ti2AlN/TiAl composites aged at 900 ℃ for 24 h after being heat treated at 1400 ℃ for 0.5 h. The in-situ composites consist of γ＋α2 lamellar colonies, equiaxed y grains and Ti2AlN reinforcements. Matrix with nearly fully lamellar structure formed after solution and subsequently aging treatment. With the increase of Ti2AlN content, the nearly fully lamellar structure becomes instable for the aged composites. According to TEM study, fine Ti2AlN precipitates are found to distribute at the grain boundaries of lamellar colony. Needle-like Ti3AlN precipitates arrange in line with growing axis parallel to [001] direction of the γ-TiAl matrix and another needle-like Ti3AlN precipitates with lager size distribute at the dislocations. Key words：

PAN/MgO/Ag复合纳米纤维过滤膜的制备及性能分析

为提高聚丙烯腈(PAN)纳米纤维膜的性能,在PAN溶液中掺杂了MgO和Ag纳米颗粒(MgONPs和AgNPs),通过静电纺丝方法制备了不同质量分数的PAN/MgO/Ag复合纳米纤维过滤膜,采用扫描电镜、X射线衍射仪、红外光谱仪、紫外线透反射分析仪、过滤性能测试仪测试复合纤维过滤膜的微观形态、结晶结构、透气性、透湿性及过滤性能等。结果表明:纯PAN纳米纤维的直径为222.9 nm,PAN/MgO/Ag复合纳米纤维的直径为151.5 nm~258.6 nm。相对于纯PAN纤维膜,PAN/MgO/Ag复合纤维膜具有优良的过滤性能和紫外线防护性能,其紫外线防护系数为38.73~55.37,过滤效率为95.36%~97.59%,阻力压降为46.06 Pa~58.31 Pa。当MgONPs和AgNPs的质量分数都是0.75%时,PAN/MgO/Ag复合纤维膜的品质因子最高,为0.071 4 Pa^(-1),过滤性能最好,属于高效低阻且具有防紫外线功能的过滤膜材料。

Ternary Ag/AgCl/BiOIO_3 composites for enhanced visible-light-driven photocatalysis

Ternary Ag/AgC l/BiO IO3 composite photocatalysts are prepared by a facile method. Enhanced visible-light absorption and charge carrier separation are achieved after the introduction of Ag/AgC l particles into BiO IO3 systems,as revealed by ultraviolet-visible diffuse-reflectance spectrometry,photocurrent response and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy. The Ag/AgC l/BiO IO3 composites are applied to the visible-light photocatalytic oxidization of NO in air and exhibit an enhanced activity for NO removal in comparison with Ag/AgC l and pure BiO IO3. A possible photocatalytic mechanism for Ag/AgC l/BiO IO3 is proposed,which is related to the surface plasmon resonance effects of Ag metal and the effective carrier separation ability of BiO IO3. This work provides insight into the design and preparation of BiO IO3-based materials with enhanced visible-light photocatalysis ability.

Preparation of Z-scheme WO_3(H_2O)_(0.333)/Ag_3PO_4 composites with enhanced photocatalytic activity and durability

Ag3PO4 is widely used in the field of photocatalysis because of its unique activity. However, photocorrosion limits its practical application. Therefore, it is very urgent to find a solution to improve the light corrosion resistance of Ag3PO4. Herein, the Z-scheme WO3(H2O)0.333/Ag3PO4 composites are successfully prepared through microwave hydrothermal and simple stirring. The WO3(H2O)0.333/Ag3PO4 composites are characterized by X-ray diffraction, scanning electron microscopy, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy and UV-Vis spectroscopy. In the degradation of organic pollutants, WO3(H2O)0.333/Ag3PO4 composites exhibit excellent performance under visible light. This is mainly attributed to the synergy of WO3(H2O)0.333 and Ag3PO4. Especially, the photocatalytic activity of 15%WO3(H2O)0.333/Ag3PO4 is the highest, and the methylene blue can be completely degraded in 4 min. In addition, the stability of the composites is also greatly enhanced. After five cycles of testing, the photocatalytic activity of 15%WO3(H2O)0.333/Ag3PO4 is not obviously decreased. However, the degradation efficiency of Ag3PO4 was only 20.2%. This indicates that adding WO3(H2O)0.333 can significantly improve the photoetching resistance of Ag3PO4. Finally, Z-scheme photocatalytic mechanism is investigated.

Microstructural characterization and mechanical properties of friction surfaced AA2024-Ag composites

The effects of Ag on the microstructure, mechanical properties, and electrical conductivity of AA2024 aluminum alloy coating were investigated. It was fabricated by friction surfacing as an additive manufacturing process. To carry out this investigation, Ag was added by 5.3, 10.6, and 16.0 wt.% to an AA2024 consumable rod by inserting holes in it. It was found that due to the strengthening by solid solution and the formation of precipitates and intermetallic containing Ag, the driving force for grain growth is reduced and consequently the grain size of the coating is decreased. After artificial aging heat treatment, the electrical conductivities of the coatings containing 0 and 16.0 wt.% Ag are increased by 4.15%(IACS) and decreased by 2.15%(IACS), respectively. While considering a linear relationship, it can be proposed that for a 1 wt.% Ag increase, the strength and hardness of the coating will be increased by 1.8% and 1.0%, respectively. It was established that the effect of Al6(Cu,Ag)Mg4 precipitate formation on strengthening is greater than that of Ag-rich intermetallic.

The aging behavior,microstructure and mechanical properties of AlN/AZ91 composite

Microstructure evolution and mechanical properties of the aging treated AlN/AZ91 composites were systematically investigated by optical microscopy(OM),high resolution scanning electron microscopy(HRSEM)with an energy dispersive spectrum(EDS),and high-angle annular dark field scanning transmission electron microscopy(HAADF-STEM).The results show that the higher fracture elongation(14±1%)and ultimate tensile strength(275±6 MPa)were simultaneously obtained in the peak-aged AlN/AZ91 composites.Comparied with AZ91 matrix alloy,the strength was increased by about 44%and the elongation was approximately five times higher,which mainly attributed to the precipitation of nano-sizedγ-Mg_(17)Al_(12)phase and the activation of non-basal slip systems induced by in-situ AlN particles at room temperature.However,the in-situ formation of AlN reinforcements consumed part of Al element in the matrix alloy,which resulted into the volume fraction decreasing ofγ-Mg_(17)Al_(12)precipitates,and then the age hardening and strengthening efficiency were reduced in the AlN/AZ91 composites.On the other hand,the mismatch of thermal expansion coefficient between AlN particles and AZ91 matrix generated high density dislocations around AlN particles,which promoted the precipitation ofγ-Mg_(17)Al_(12)phase,and then the peak aging time and temperature were decreased.

Aging behavior of nano-SiC_p reinforced AZ61 magnesium matrix composites

The mechanical properties of magnesium matrix composties can be further improved by aging treatment. To study the aging behavior of SiC particles reinforced AZ61 magnesium matrix composites fabricated by ultrasonic method, an investigation has been undertaken by means of Vickers hardness measurement, scanning electron microscopy （SEM） and energy spectrum analyzing apparatus. The box-type heat treatment furnace was used in the study. The results showed that no discontinuous cellular precipitation is observed at the grain boundaries in the magnesium matrix of the composite while the MglTAI12 preferentially precipitates in the matrix. The time to reach the peak hardness for AZ61 alloy or SiCp/AZ61 magnesium matrix composites is reduced with the increase of aging temperature. At the same temperature, the composite exhibit an accelerated aging manner but lower aging efficiency, compared with the unreinforced matrix alloy. The microhardness of the composite is higher than that of the unreinforced matrix alloy, because that the SiC particles distributes homogeneously in the matrix alloy under the ultrasonic processing condition.

Effect of parameter setting and spectral normalization approach on study of matrix effect by laser induced breakdown spectroscopy of Ag–Zn binary composites

The complex nature of laser-material interaction causes non-stoichiometric ablation of alloy samples.This is attributed to matrix effect, which reduces analyzing capability. To address this issue, the analytical performance of three different normalization methods, namely normalization with background, internal normalization and three point smoothing techniques at different parameter settings is studied for quantification of Ag and Zn by Laser induced breakdown spectroscopy(LIBS).The LIBS spectra of five known concentration of silver zinc binary composites have been investigated at various laser irradiances(LIs). Calibration curves for both Ag(I) line(4d^(10)5s^2S_(1/2)→4d^(10)5p^2P_(1/2) at 338.28 nm) and Zn(I) line(4s5s^3S_1→4s4p^3P_2 at 481.053 nm) have been determined at LI of 5.86?×?10^(10)W cm^(-2). Slopes of these calibration curves provide the valuation of matrix effect in the Ag–Zn composites. With careful sample preparation and normalization after smoothing at optimum parameter setting(OPS), the minimization of sample matrix effect has been successfully achieved. A good linearity has been obtained in Ag and Zn calibration curve at OPS when normalized the whole area of spectrum after smoothing and the obtained coefficients of determination values were R^2?=?0.995 and 0.998 closer to 1. The results of matrix effect have been further verified by analysis of plasma parameters. Both plasma parameters showed no change with varying concentration at OPS. However, at high concentration of Ag, the observed significant changes in both plasma parameters at common parameter setting PS-1 and PS-2 were the gesture of matrix effect. In our case, the better analytical results were obtained at smoothing function with optimized parameter setting that indicates it is more efficient than normalization with background and internal normalization method.

Ag/MoS_(2)-WS_(2)复合材料的微纳摩擦学特性

为探明Ag/MoS_(2)-WS_(2)复合材料在解决空间载流摩擦部件高稳定载流和抗磨损问题的作用效果,采用纳米压痕、纳米划痕、表面轮廓仪、扫描电镜等研究微/纳力学尺度下、不同载荷和电流时Ag/MoS_(2)-WS_(2)复合材料的力学行为和摩擦磨损特性。研究结果表明:Ag/MoS_(2)-WS_(2)复合材料在精准微小力作用下具有良好的塑性,压痕模量和硬度与载荷呈非线性关系,其变化机制主要由压痕尺寸效应和塑性变形共同主导;随着载荷增加,Ag/MoS_(2)-WS_(2)复合材料压痕最大深度和塑性深度呈线性增大,当载荷从10 mN增加到20 mN时,压痕最大深度增加约44%,塑性深度增加约51%,而当载荷从20 mN增加到50 mN时,压痕最大深度增加约78%,塑性深度增加约79%,材料的弹塑性转变载荷约为20 mN。在较低载荷(50~100 mN)下,Ag/MoS_(2)-WS_(2)复合材料具有较好的耐磨性。

含Ag@Ni核壳结构粉体镍基复合涂层的多循环高温摩擦学性能

为了抑制Ag的扩散,采用化学镀方法制备Ag@Ni核壳结构粉体,并利用大气等离子喷涂技术制备NiCrAlY-Mo-Ag@Ni涂层,详细研究核壳结构设计对涂层在高温循环工况下的力学及摩擦学性能的影响。研究结果表明:Ag的核壳结构设计可以提高镍基涂层中Ag与NiCrAlY的界面结合强度,进而显著提高复合涂层的硬度。Ni覆层有效地抑制了Ag在高温摩擦过程中的扩散与耗散。800℃时NiCrAlY-Mo-Ag@Ni涂层的摩擦因数仅为0.25,磨损率仅为1×10^(-5)mm^(3)/(N·m),显著低于NiCrAlY-Mo-Ag涂层。同时,Ag的核壳结构设计使得涂层在高温多循环工况下始终保持良好的自润滑性和耐磨性。

Ag/h-BNNS/PVP复合纤维膜光催化CO_(2)还原性能研究

为了改善纳米贵金属材料的光催化性能,以三聚氰胺和硼酸为原料,采用前驱体高温热解制备高比表面积的氮化硼纳米片(h-BNNS),将其真空浸渍AgNO3后加入到聚乙烯吡咯烷酮(PVP)纺丝液中,通过静电纺丝得到Ag/h-BNNS/PVP复合纤维膜,并对复合纤维膜的组成、微观结构和光电热等性能进行表征,以CO_(2)的还原反应为模型探究测试复合纤维膜的光催化剂性能。结果表明:银纳米颗粒(Ag NPs)均匀分散于复合纤维的表面,平均粒径小于10 nm;纳米Ag等离子共振效应显著提高了复合物纤维膜对可见光的吸收和电子-空穴对的分离效率,Ag NPs的引入提高了膜材料的热稳定性;制备工艺中的焙烧温度为250℃,Ag NPs的含量为1.0%时,复合纤维膜的光催化活性最佳(CO产率为300μmol/(g·h));Ag/h-BNNS/PVP复合膜经过10次循环使用后,光照8 h的CO产率不低于500μmol/g。通过掺杂Ag NPs改性h-BNNS,并将Ag/h-BNNS复合微粒负载于PVP纤维中可制备高效多孔复合膜催化剂,为氮化硼基催化剂的研究提供了理论参考。

Aging behavior of Al_2O_3 short fiber reinforced Al-Cu alloy composites

Al2O3 short fiber reinforced Al-Cu composites containing 1%, 3%, 5% and 7% Cu were fabricated by a squeeze casting technique. The as-cast Al2O3/Al-Cu composites were solution treated at 535 ℃ and then aged at 170, 190 and 210 ℃, respectively. Age hardening behavior of the Al2O3/Al-Cu composites was analyzed by measuring the hardness of the samples at different aging temperatures and aging time. Microstructures of the composites were observed by transmission electron microscope(TEM). The results indicate that the hardness of the Al2O3/Al-Cu composites containing 7% Cu is much higher than that containing 1%-5% Cu because of the large amount of CuAl2 precipitant in the Al2O3/Al-Cu composite. With the increase of Cu content from 1% to 7%, the time needed for the appearance of peak hardness shortened, indicating that the addition of Cu can accelerate the kinetic of CuAl2 precipitation in the Al2O3/Al-Cu composites. The Al2O3/Al-Cu composite containing 7% Cu shows the highest increment of hardness by aging treatment. Therefore, in order to get a higher peak hardness, the Al2O3/Al-Cu composites need more Cu addition as compared with the un-reinforced Al-Cu alloys.

直流复合高功率脉冲磁控溅射VAlN-Ag涂层的宽温域摩擦特性研究

通过直流磁控溅射(DCMS)复合高功率脉冲磁控溅射(HiPIMS)技术制备了VAlN/VAlN-Ag复合涂层,调控HiPIMS靶功率控制Ag质量分数变化范围(11.4%、19.8%、24.5%),探究了涂层在25、300和650℃温度下的摩擦学性能.在室温摩擦条件下,3种涂层的摩擦系数均较高,当温度升高至300和650℃时,摩擦系数随Ag含量增加而降低,高Ag含量(质量分数24.5%)涂层摩擦系数最低,分别为0.45和0.23.磨损率随温度升高而增加,宽温域环境中,低Ag含量的S1(Ag质量分数为11.4%)涂层具有最优的力学性能和最低的磨损率,使复合涂层在宽温域内表现出良好的摩擦学性能.复合涂层的物相结构、元素价态和化学键在中低温摩擦环境中无明显变化;经650℃摩擦试验后,涂层表面发生摩擦化学反应,V和Ag元素的价态升高,生成层状结构的AgVO_(3)和Ag_(3)VO_(4)高温润滑相,有效降低涂层的摩擦系数.高温摩擦过程中伴随着元素扩散,涂层内部微结构演变成致密的Al_(2)O_(3)层包裹钒酸银润滑相的表层结构,V_(2)O_(5)和NiO这2种物相为主的中间层,以及Ti主导的过渡层结构.高温磨损机制表现为黏着磨损和氧化磨损.

Effect of SiC Particulate Reinforcement on Aging Behaviour of SiC（P）／AI Composites

The process of aging precipitation in a SiC(p)/ 6061 composites was investigated. Hardness testing.differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) and transmission electron microscopy (TEM) were employed. Theresults show that the main precipitation phase at the peak hardness is p' phase, and solution treatment at530℃ . followed by aging at 160℃ for 7 h, is a proper technique.

Electrical conductivity of Cu-Ag in situ filamentary composites

The electrical conductivity of Cu-10Ag in situ filamentary composite was studied during the deformation and annealing processes. The dependence of electrical resistivity of the deformed composites on the true strain presents a two-stage change with increase of the true strain. The intermediate heat treatment and the stabilized annealing treatment to the deformed composite promote the separation of Ag precipitate, and increase the electrical conductivity. The maximum conductivity of the composite experienced the stabilizing heat treatment can reach about 97% IACS with σb≥400 MPa at 550 ℃ annealing, and reach about 70% IACS with σb≥1 250 MPa at 300 ℃ annealing. The corresponded strength of the composite was reported. The microstructure reason for the changes of the conductivity was discussed.

Processing,Properties and Microstructures of Ag-ZnO Electrical Contact Composites

New powder metallurgy processing routes were designed to manufacture Ag ZnO electrical contact composites. Their physical properties, electrical contact properties and microstructures were investigated. By modelling tests, it is shown that the requirements of commercial use were met. It is proved that Ag ZnO composites could be used to substitute toxic Ag CdO on large load electrical contactors.

AGING BEHAVIOUR OF PARTICULATE REINFORCED ALUMINUM ALLOY MATRIX COMPOSITES

The process of aging precipitation in SiCp/6061 and Al2O3/6061 composites were investigated. Hardness testing, differential scanning calorimetry（DSC） and transmission electron microscopy were employed. Results showed that the precipitation phase form directly along dislocation lines in the composites because the particles produce high densities of dislocations which makes vacancy densities in the composites decrease, and the main precipitation phase at peak hardness was β′ phase.

Influence of Cerium Addition on Microstructure and Properties of Cu-Ag Alloy in Situ Filamentary Composites

The in situ filamentary composites based on the Cu-10Ag and Cu-10Ag-Ce alloys were prepared. The microstructure and properties of the composites were studied. The effects of Ce addition on the microstructure as cast, including refining Cu grains and the Ag filaments, increasing the proportion of (Cu+Ag) eutectic and decreasing the proportion of the Ag precipitate, were researched. The average size of the Ag filaments in the composites could be approached by a formula: d=C·exp(-0.228η), here C is a coefficient related to the size of the original grains and 1500 nm for Cu-10Ag and 800 nm for Cu-10Ag-Ce. A two-stage strain strengthening effect was found for the deformed composites, that is the dislocation strengthening at low strain stage and the ultra-fine Ag filaments or interface strengthening at the high strain stage. The intermediate heat treatment at lower temperature further refined the Ag filaments and therefore improved the properties. The high strengthening rate of Ce addition on Cu-10Ag alloy attributed the refining effect to Cu grains and Ag filaments. The typical properties of the heavy deformed composites with 1 IHT reached to UTS=1500 MPa with conductivity 62% IACS for the Cu-10Ag alloy and UTS=1550 MPa with conductivity 65% IACS for the Cu-10Ag-Ce alloy, respectively.

Nonlinear Optieal Properties of Ag Nanopartieles/Glass Composites Measured on a Femtosecond Time Scale

Ag nanoparticles embedded in soda-lime silicate glass were fabricated by ion-exchange and subsequently annealing method. Effects of annealing duration on the optical nonlinearity and ultrafast dynamics of Ag nanoparticles in glass were investigated by z-scan technique and pump-probe technique. The results indicate that the third-order optical nonlinearity increases with extending the annealing time, the fast decay process with lifetime of a few picoseconds is attributed to thermal equilibrium process of hot electrons and the energy transfer to lattices by interaction with phonons in the formed Ag nanoparticles, while the slow decay in more than one hundred picoseconds corresponds to the subsequent cooling process by a thermal diffusion from the Ag nanoparticle to the host matrix via the phonon-medium interaction. The fast decay process is accelerated with extending the annealing time.