Diagnosing ratio of electron density to collision frequency of plasma surrounding scaled model in a shock tube using low-frequency alternating magnetic field phase shift

A non-contact low-frequency(LF)method of diagnosing the plasma surrounding a scaled model in a shock tube is proposed.This method utilizes the phase shift occurring after the transmission of an LF alternating magnetic field through the plasma to directly measure the ratio of the plasma loop average electron density to collision frequency.An equivalent circuit model is used to analyze the relationship of the phase shift of the magnetic field component of LF electromagnetic waves with the plasma electron density and collision frequency.The applicable range of the LF method on a given plasma scale is analyzed.The upper diagnostic limit for the ratio of the electron density(unit:m^(-3))to collision frequency(unit:Hz)exceeds 1×10^(11),enabling an electron density to exceed 1×10^(20)m^(-3)and a collision frequency to be less than 1 GHz.In this work,the feasibility of using the LF phase shift to implement the plasma diagnosis is also assessed.Diagnosis experiments on shock tube equipment are conducted by using both the electrostatic probe method and LF method.By comparing the diagnostic results of the two methods,the inversion results are relatively consistent with each other,thereby preliminarily verifying the feasibility of the LF method.The ratio of the electron density to the collision frequency has a relatively uniform distribution during the plasma stabilization.The LF diagnostic path is a loop around the model,which is suitable for diagnosing the plasma that surrounds the model.Finally,the causes of diagnostic discrepancy between the two methods are analyzed.The proposed method provides a new avenue for diagnosing high-density enveloping plasma.

Simulation Studying Effects of Multiple Primary Aberrations on Donut-shaped Gaussian Beam

In this paper, we demonstrate the variation of donut-shaped depletion pattern which influenced by multiple primary aberrations. The simulation is base on a common stimulation emission of depletion (STED) system composed by Gaussian laser and vortex phase plate. The simulation results are helpful guidelines for analyzing the aberration of depletion patterns in real situations.

数字全息显微中相位像差校正技术综述

数字全息显微技术是数字全息技术与显微技术的结合,兼备两种技术的优点,为微纳领域的定量三维测量提供了一种无损、无标记、准确和近实时的测量手段。然而,由于元件缺陷和失调以及环境扰动等原因,会在数字全息显微测量结果中额外引入相位像差。为了获得准确的定量相位测量结果,必须对像差成因和主要成分进行分析,然后补偿和校正像差。这篇综述介绍了数字全息显微成像测量中主要的像差来源和影响,基于实现的方式对现有的像差校正方法进行了综述,并展望了未来像差校正领域的发展方向,为从事数字全息检测研究的研究者提供参考。

A modified phase diversity wavefront sensor with a diffraction grating

The phase diversity wavefront sensor is one of the tools used to estimate wavefront aberration, and it is often used as a wavefront sensor in adaptive optics systems. However, the performance of the traditional phase diversity wavefront sensor is limited by the accuracy and dynamic ranges of the intensity distribution at the focus and defocus positions of the CCD camera. In this paper, a modified phase diversity wavefront sensor based on a diffraction grating is proposed to improve the ability to measure the wavefront aberration with larger amplitude and higher spatial frequency. The basic principle and the optics construction of the proposed method are also described in detail. The noise propagation property of the proposed method is also analysed by using the numerical simulation method, and comparison between the diffraction grating phase diversity wavefront sensor and the traditional phase diversity wavefront sensor is also made. The simulation results show that the diffraction grating phase diversity wavefront sensor can obviously improve the ability to measure the wavefront aberration, especially the wavefront aberration with larger amplitude and higher spatial frequency.

基于相位标靶的相位测量轮廓术投影色差建模与校正

光学三维测量中的三通道相位测量轮廓术具有高精度、易识别、自动化程度高等优点,在科学研究和工程应用中获得了广泛的关注。在三通道相位测量轮廓术中,投影仪不同通道间的色差成为影响测量精度的关键因素。针对该问题,文中开展了基于相位标靶的相位测量轮廓术投影色差建模与校正研究。提出了将带有全息投影膜的液晶显示屏(Liquid Crystal Display, LCD)当作相位标靶对投影色差建模与校正的方法。通过LCD显示条纹与投影仪投射条纹的相位,计算投影仪色差并建立其数学模型。然后通过预补偿的方法实现投影仪三通道投射色差的校正,进行实验验证校正前后对相位测量轮廓术精度的影响。实验结果表明,文中所提方法的校正效果为蓝绿通道的平均色差由0.325 5 pixel校正为0.106 3 pixel,红绿通道的平均色差由0.365 1 pixel校正为0.111 4 pixel。该方法可为三通道相位测量轮廓术提升投影质量。实测台阶的平均误差从0.489 mm减少到0.038 mm。实验结果验证了投影仪色差建模与校正方法的有效性,提升了三通道相位测量轮廓术的整体测量精度。与已有方法相比,可以有效避免相机误差带来的影响,大大缩短计算时间,能够适用于不同型号的投影仪色差测量与校正。

复合表面形貌测量中通道串扰和色差消除方法

为实现漫反射表面和镜面复合表面的快速测量,基于条纹投影和条纹反射的复合表面测量系统通过相机的多颜色通道快速获得绝对相位。针对复合表面形貌测量中相机、投影仪、显示屏所引入颜色通道间的串扰和色差,研究了基于矩阵的串扰消除方法和绝对相位对应像素偏差的色差消除方法。基于串扰矩阵,分别建立投影仪和显示屏的串扰矩阵,完成颜色通道间的串扰消除。通过彩色正交条纹获得各颜色通道水平和竖直方向的绝对相位,建立颜色通道间相位差和像素偏差之间的关系,实现每一像素点的像素偏差校正,消除色差的影响。实验结果证明,所提色差和串扰消除方法使复合台阶的测量均方根误差从0.479 mm降至0.030 mm,提高了测量效率和测量精度。

A coherence-based phase aberration correction method in medical ultrasound

A coherence-based correction method was proposed in order to improve the lateral resolution and enhance the contrast of medical ultrasound imaging in the presence of phase aberration. The averaged coherence factor was proposed at first and used as a metric to evaluate phase aberration correction. By maximizing the averaged coherence factor, the time delay parameter of each channel was adjusted. A new set of coherence factors was calculated and the corrected data was optimized to form the final B-mode image. The simulations on point targets and a cyst phantom showed that the proposed method outperformed the nearest neighboring cross correlation method and conventional coherence-weighting method, and the lateral resolution and contrast ratio was improved by approximately 0.24mm and 18dB respectively. The proposed method combined the advantages of phase error correction and coherence-weighting, which could improve imaging qualities effectively in medical ultrasound.

Complex amplitude reconstruction and phase aberrations compensation in phase-shifting in-line image digital holographic microscopy

When an image digital holographic microscopy （DHM） layout is employed, the Fresnel integral cannot be used in separating the reconstructed image from its conjugate image and background. However, combining image plane DHM with the phase-shifting in-line technique, the complex amplitude of reconstructed image can be obtained without using Fresnel integral, moreover the approximate error of reconstruction calculation is easily eliminated and the signal-to-noise ratio of reconstructed image is significantly improved. Since a normal incidence plane wave is used as the reference wave, the difficulty and complexity of phase aberration and phase unwrapping of DHM are remarkably decreased.

利用相位差异技术恢复宽带白光图像

研究了用于扩展目标成像的相位差异技术。该技术利用焦面和离焦面上的两幅图像之间的相位差异来估算波前相位畸变,同时对采集的图像进行恢复。设计了白光目标成像实验系统,用宽带白光作光源,在实验室搭建实验平台,模拟无穷远处目标和波前相位畸变。采用直角梯形分光棱镜将光路分为两个通道,在一台相机上同时采集两个通道像面上的图像,消除了相机不同产生的差异,极大地抑制了噪声对图像恢复的影响,分光后系统抗两个通道独立的高斯白噪声的能力为10%。实验结果显示恢复后的图像分辨率提高了19%,表明该技术是适合光电成像系统的图像恢复技术。

双相机相位差异散斑成像技术

开展了用相位差异散斑技术实现图像采集和图像恢复的实验,在实验室环境下设计了针对扩展目标的相位差异散斑成像双相机实验平台。用两台外触发模式的相机同步采集焦面和指定离焦面上的短曝光图像,用变形镜构造光学系统误差,用强力热吹风机模拟大气湍流。分析了用多台相机与单台相机相比引入的不同问题,给出了多通道之间相面旋转问题的处理方法和多通道之间读出噪声不一致时的相位差异散斑法的目标函数;验证了相位差异散斑法提高图像分辨率的能力。分别用采集到的单帧,3帧,10帧图像进行PDS运算并分析结果,与基本的相位差异法相比,多帧相位差异散斑成像所恢复的图像质量有很大的提高。

相位差异散斑法图像复原技术

为了克服大气湍流和光学成像系统像差引起的波前相位畸变,提出利用相位差异散斑法同时采集焦面和离焦面通道的单帧短曝光图像来估算波前相位畸变。结合夏克哈特曼波前探测器设计了针对扩展目标的相位差异散斑法高分辨率成像和相位估计对比实验,通过定量移动高精密平移台获得焦面和离焦面图像,并将解算的波前面形与夏克哈特曼波前探测器实测的波前面形进行对比,验证了相位差异散斑法提高图像分辨率和正确解算波前相位的能力。实验结果表明,估算的波前相位面形和夏克哈特曼实测面形趋势有较好的一致性,恢复后图像分辨率提高了12%,表明该方法是大口径光电成像系统较为理想的图像恢复技术之一。

利用多通道相位差异波前探测法检测自适应光学系统非共光路像差

针对自适应光学系统非共光路像差检测中遇到的若干实际问题,设计了基于多通道相位差异法的波前探测器,用于在不对光路进行任何改变的前提下定量测量自适应光学系统的第一像面到成像相机之间的像差。与前人的双通道相位差异波前探测器相比,该方法对波前具有更强的约束力,从而能够对目标光源的形状容忍力更强,理论上对波前求解的精度更高。将该方法应用于1.23m口径自适应光学系统的非共光路的静态像差测量,取得了良好的效果,为光路装调带来了极大的方便。将测得的像差直接用于变形镜的初始偏置,大大提高了成像质量。

共轭读出法消除光致变色材料全息记录中的相位畸变

采用有机光致变色材料 -吲哚俘精酰胺 /PMMA薄膜作为可擦写全息记录介质 ,建立了一种能消除全息光存储中相位畸变的光路 此光路采用参考光的相位共轭光再现全息图 ,能有效消除物光路中由于光学元件失调和记录材料缺陷引起的相位畸变 。

基于相位差异的图像复原方法

相位差异法利用焦面和离焦通道图像存在的固定离焦相位差为先验信息,联合估计波前相位和目标。本文设计了相位差异图像复原实验,利用变形镜模拟大气湍流扰动,通过Offner反射镜搭建反射式成像系统,消除了色差影响和简化了实验光路。实验结果表明,恢复后图像的分辨率提高了12%,验证了相位差异法提高图像分辨率和解算波前相位的能力。因此该方法是大口径光电成像系统克服波前畸变较为理想的图像恢复技术。

低频位相误差新校正方法模拟研究

就多程放大系统中产生的低频位相噪声 ,提出用位相补偿反射镜来进行补偿的静态校正方法。用随机位相屏模拟光学元件产生的低频位相噪声 ,建立光传输模拟模型 ,引入等效位相片的概念 ,将数个光学元件对位相的影响简化为等效位相片 ,在此基础上对位相补偿反射镜的校正原理进行阐述。进而对双程光路校正过程进行了模拟研究 ,得到了很好的校正效果。

光在超声速湍流边界层中的传输

采用数值方法分析超声速边界层流场对光传输的影响,并根据光波的变化对流场特征进行分析.用法福尔质量加权平均N-S方程及两方程湍流模型求解三维超声速平板湍流边界层流动;光在流场中的传输采用傍轴近似光波传输方程描述,用相屏法和快速傅里叶变换(FFT)技术求解.利用穿越流场的光波光强和相位的改变,直观分析光波畸变和流场的部分特征信息.

干涉成像系统传递函数的数值分析(英文)

干涉仪系统传递函数能有效地表征系统相位成像的性能。通过假设干涉成像系统是复振幅的线性平移不变系统,模拟计算正弦相位光栅和相位台阶这两类标准相位物体的成像,确定干涉仪系统传递函数。数值分析结果表明:系统传递函数随着波像差的增加而减小;干涉成像系统对小幅度相位(远小于1 rad)成像是近似线性的,而对大幅度相位(大于0.5 rad)成像则是明显非线性的。当正弦相位的幅度为1时,系统传递函数在1/2和1/3截止频率处出现明显的急剧下降。高度为π/2的相位台阶成像时,系统传递函数随着空间频率的增加而缓慢地降低。

组合变形镜对板条固体MOPA激光波前畸变校正（英文）

提出了一种利用组合变形镜校正板条MOPA固体激光器像差的方法,并通过实验验证其有效性。通过将一个11单元的一维变形镜和一个67单元的二维变形镜组合,有效降低了单个二维变形镜波前校正过程中驱动器间的电压差,从而提高了二维变形镜的使用安全性,并在一定程度上改善了校正后波前畸变的空间分布,降低了波前畸变残差。实验结果表明,一维变形镜与二维变形镜的组合能高效地校正板条MOPA固体激光器的波前畸变,波前残差均方根值小于0.08μm,远场光束质量因子可达1.67。

部分阵元参考法校正超声成像相位畸变的仿真研究

本文应用互相关技术在阵元接收射频信号信噪比（SNR）不同情况下，对部分阵元参考法校正超声成像相位畸变进行了仿真实验。结果显示：孔径阵元数目为128，SNR＞10dB时，参考阵无数目选择2—8个可以获得最佳的相位畸变校正效果，残留相位误差约为0．02波长；当参考阵元数目为1或大于20个，残留相位误差接近或大于0．04波长。信号信噪比较低时（SNR＜20dB），采用部分阵元参考法的校正效果较相邻阵元参考法差。

对一种线性相位反演波前测量方法的数值仿真

利用数值仿真方法对一种基于线性相位反演波前测量方法的性能进行了详细分析。讨论了这种线性相位反演波前测量方法的定标过程,描述了基于线性相位反演算法的波前传感器的基本组成结构。利用数值仿真计算,分析了系统自身像差和模式标定系数对这种波前传感器性能的影响,通过复原矩阵条件数,分析了靶面像素和这种波前测量方法的空间分辨力的关系。仿真结果验证了该种新型线性相位反演波前测量方法的可行性。