中国经济向何处去?

When analyzing the Chinese economy,one should not merely focus on surface phenomena,or be confined by a purely economic,partial,or static standpoint.Contrarily,we should uphold the stances and methodologies of Xi Jinping Thought on Socialism with Chinese Characteristics for a New Era to get a clear picture of the current state,future direction,overarching strategies,and specific approaches of the Chinese economy in the context of the long-term evolution of the global economic system and China's endeavors of building a great modern socialist country.Since the launch of reform and opening up in 1978,China has effectively modernized itself through economic development.Par ticularly,in the f irst decade of the new era,China laid down rock-solid foundations and expanded vast spaces for future economic development through systematic modernization.With the advent of the post-COVID-19 era,the Chinese economy has entered a phase of great transition,and the country has set a goal of achieving high-quality development through a new development patter n in three critical decades.This will be unprecedented in China's economic history,and its significance and implications for the global economic system will also be unseen.China's strengths in terms of system,supply,demand,and talent provide important guarantees for a successful economic transition.During the transition period,China will look economic competition squarely,continuing to deepen its opening up and reform.The Chinese economy is expected to stabilize and accumulate momentum in the short term,gradually lift off in the medium term,and have a bright future in the long term.To bring that bright future into reality,China needs to strike a good balance between two“great miracles,”two“new patterns,”two“major blocs,”and two“world orders.”Further capacity building is needed to strengthen the Communist Party of China,enhance scientific and technological innovation,build China into a financial powerhouse,cultivate good relationships worldwide,and uphold national security while creating the conditions for ensuring it.

Changes of Wage Structures in Chinese Public and Private Sectors： 1995-2007

Using CHIP （Chinese Household Income Project Survey） data and the sample selection bias corrected wage function model, this paper estimated changes in wage structure in China by ownership types （SOEs, COEs, FEs, and PEs） in 1995 and 2007. The major conclusions are as follows. First, effects of education on wage levels in SOEs and FEs become greater, while education effects decrease in SOEs and PEs under economic transition periods; firm-specific human capital becomes more important in the wage determination mechanism along with market-oriented reforms in SOEs, PEs, and FEs; age effect decreases in SOEs and COEs, but it becomes greater in PEs and FEs. Second, there exist wage structure differences between sectors by wage distributions. For example, in 2007, in SOEs, education return rates are higher for the low-wage and middle-wage groups, and the effect is the highest at the 40th percentile. However in COEs and FEs, education return rates are higher for the high-wage groups, and the effect is the highest at the 70th percentile in COEs and at the 70th percentile in FEs. Tenure effects are greater in the middle-wage groups （40th-80th） in SOEs, COEs, and FEs, and age effects are greater in the low-wage groups （5th-30th） in SOEs, FEs, and PEs.

A CHINESE ECONOMIC CIRCLE IN REALITY——On Five Basic Features of the Economic Relations Between the China's Mainland and Hongkong/Macao

Generally speaking, "an economic circle" refers to a group of countriesand regions whose economic relations override the universally accepted in-ternational practice or norms and they have formulated new economic ruleswhich are applicable only to countries and regions inside the circle.

The Global Value Chains and the Evolution of Chinese Economic Model

According to the Word Bank,in the first 38 years of China,economic reform took 700 million people out poverty line in China at the same time benefiting the Global South economy due to the integration of the transnational enterprises global value chains with China.Chinese government understood the economic rational of global value chains,Flying Geese Model,and foreign direct investment theories and introduced policies to attract foreign capital,technology,production,and foreign buyers,placing China as the final stage of the production networks in Asia and also transforming China in the biggest buying market of many resources and energy suppliers from less developed countries in Asia,Africa,and South America.But a new model of Chinese economic development even more interconnected and interdependent with the world is now on move.Even quite before the world acknowledge the protectionist mindset of the US in Trump era,Chinese President Xi Jinping launched in 2013 a very ambitious initiative under the name of“One Road,One Belt,the 21st-Century Maritime Silk Road”to enhance a new stage of world globalization,which together with two complimentary initiatives:the“International Production Cooperation”and“Third-Country Market Cooperation”,and in complementarity with the“Made in China 2025”and“Internet Plus”plans will lead China to develop global value chains leaded by Chinese companies and integrating countries of Europe,Africa,Asia,and South America.

A closer look at Chinese and Indian economic development

Both populous and fast-growing, China and India share important similarities. Over the years, comparative studies on both countries, especially in terms of economic development, have become a hot topic around the world. China and India issues have aroused intense attention and interest in international academia. Three articles in this issue examine the race between the dragon and the elephant in the arena of economic development, information industry and software. In his article "A closer look at Chinese and Indian economic development," Prof. Huang Qunhui compares China and India’s economic development from national strategic perspectives based on his first-hand research; in "What China and India can learn from each other in the information industry?" Prof. Shen Kaiyan undertakes a comparative analysis of the development of information industries in China and India; lastly, Prof.Fang Hong’s empirical study looks at competition and cooperation in the Chinese and Indian software industries. This selection of essays begins with overall economic development, moves to a closer examination of the information industry, and then concludes with a look at the software industry, giving us an extremely broad yet also detailed comparison of the economies of these two emerging giants.

Discussion on the Path of Chinese Urbanization

The urbanization is the course that industries and economic activities concentrate, and the history of urban development can be divided into three periods： early urbanization, industrial urbanization and post-industrialized urbanization. Marketization is the foundation of the city, and the development of non-agricultural industry such as commerce, service trade and secondary industry has spurred the prosperity of the city enormously. China has led rfiarketing economy into the course of industrialization and urbanization gradually in more than 20 years, but the level of marketization is still relatively low. China should endeavor to strengthen the tertiary industry, improve its quality and level, in order to get the full outside-effect and diffusion effect of it.

Experts: Chinese Economic Boom Against Global Slowdown

China economic boom to last until at least 2020"The cycle of economic boom in China, the world’s fastest-growing major economy, would last until at least 2020", said an expert with the National Development and Reform Commission (NDRC), the top economic planner.

New Tasks for Chinese Economic Development

LAST March the Third Session of the Ninth National Comminttee of the Chinese People s Political Consultative Conference (CPPCC)and the Third Session of the Ninth National People’s Congress. (NPC) were held in Beijing. At the sessions, attendees discussed western development in China, stateowned enterprise reform, China’s WTO accession, giving aid to poorer regions, new legislature and the Taiwan Question. Because the year 2000 is the last year for Chinese state-owned enterprise reform and the 87 poverty allevia- tion projects. much planning was done at the sessions, making this year sessins particularly significant.

Research on the Contribution of the Chinese People’s Political Consultative Conference in Promoting the Construction of the Chengdu- Chongqing Economic Circle

The influence applied by the Chinese People’s Political Consultative Conference(CPPCC)in promoting the construction of the Chengdu-Chongqing economic circle cannot be ignored.At present,the Sichuan Committee of CPPCC and Chongqing Committee of CPPCC are actively participating in the construction of the Chengdu-Chongqing economic circle by building collaborative platforms,conducting joint consultations,and holding consultations on special issues.From three aspects,namely the unique advantages of the CPPCC,the fact that full consultation between CPPCCs in different regions is conducive to coordinating the interests of local governments of the same level,and that fact that it is also conducive to promoting inter-governmental cooperation,this article elaborates on the necessity of the contribution of the CPPCC in promoting the construction of the Chengdu-Chongqing economic circle and discusses four paths for the CPPCC’s promotion of the construction of the Chengdu-Chongqing economic circle:Strengthening the Communist Party of China’s leadership over the political consultation work of the CPPCC,using the CPPCC to consolidate the consensus of“a Sichuan-Chongqing close family,”innovating the form,content,and objects of democratic supervision,and building the information exchange mechanisms between the CPPCCs of Sichuan and Chongqing.

White-Paper Report:Textile Machinery Industry (2005-2009) Economic Performance in Chinese Textile Machinery Industry

This report is accomplished by China Textile Machinery and Accessories Association to be part of the Annual Report of China Textile Industry that comes out in the middle of the year.Given that all the official statistics are channeled to each industrial sector four times a year(March,May,Aug.Nov.) ,it comes as no surprise at all when an annual report is prepared at the beginning of the new year by taking eleven months into account because of the data availability from the government.This report of Chinese textile machinery industry is also based on the data attainable from Jan.to Nov.in 2009.

Economic Performance of Chinese Wool Textile Industry (1-9,2005)

Chinese wool textile industry kept devel- oping smoothly, though RMB was rising in value and textile trade conflicts took place in succession. The whole industry increased but wool fabric’s market share shrank. Manufacture rose compared with last year. For the first three quarters, manufac- ture of wool yarn and wool fabric went up 4.9% and 16.1%

China's Economic Diplomacy:Concept,Organization,Implementation Mechanisms and the BRI

Based on the existing research regarding China’s economic diplomacy,this study creates a theoretical structure for economic diplomacy with Chinese characteristics that encompasses soft power,the two competitive concepts of justified ought and self interests,and the Belt and Road Initiative(BRI).By introducing soft power,this paper argues that the goal of economic diplomacy with Chinese characteristics for the new era is to achieve the conversion of hard power to soft power.Unlike the“carrot and stick”principle often followed by Western powers in their economic diplomacy with political strings attached,the conversion between hard power and soft power in China’s economic diplomacy hinges upon the two competitive concepts of justified ought and self interests,which is the basic principle that guides China’s economic diplomacy overall.We argue that in creating an implementation mechanism for China’s economic diplomacy,policymakers must consider China’s unique national condition as a large economy not yet rich in per capita terms,while drawing upon the experiences of other major nations.

The Intensification of Sino-African Economic Cooperation： What Is the Role of the Congolese Economy in the Game of Equality and Mutual Benefit？

The main goal of this paper is to examine the economic relations of the Republic of Congo in its bilateral cooperation with China and to see its real implications in the Congolese economy. In other words, this paper is going to highlight the real status of the Republic of Congo in the recent intensification of cooperation with the Middle Kingdom. Indeed, China has always been criticized as a predator of African raw materials by its opponents （traditional partners of Africa）. Thus, in the Congolese context, the authors try to analyze and see whether this cooperation has corroborated that anti-thesis or not. After examining various facets of Chinese interventions in Congo, the authors conclude that： The cooperation between these two countries is a kind of cooperation for the modernization and industrialization of the Congo, which is now developing in a satisfactory way. It brings real benefits to people of both countries, and it is also welcomed by both of them. Congo and China are bound by a traditional friendship, they have cooperated with each other since 1964, and both countries must be determined to further strengthen this cooperation to achieve a common development. It should also be noted that China is first and foremost a strategic partner of development for the Congo because of the positive results recorded by its actions in different areas of its operations in that country. The authors have also noted some pitfalls and have made some suggestions accordingly, in order to enhance the performance of cooperation between the two countries. It is particularly in terms of the transfer of technology, compliance with the regulations in force in Congo by Chinese enterprises, the adjustments made by China concerning the training of Congolese students who receive scholarships from the Chinese government for their training in China and on Chinese language, and finally the area of diversification of production, it is worth pointing out that the Congo only exports its main raw materials to China, such as oil and wood, and moreover, those materials are exported in the raw state, thus reducing the incentives of diversification of its domestic production. The data used in this article cover the periods from 1995 to 2005, which are inadequate for this work, given the momentum taken by the development of cooperation between the two countries. Then, for future researchers, they have to refine the work concerning the next state of Sino-African cooperation.