缔合Legendre函数的快速插值计算及其在六边形网格模型重力异常计算中的应用

鉴于局部区域非等纬度分布点的超高阶次球谐综合计算效率较低,本文深入研究了缔合Legendre函数的插值算法,结合模型重力异常求解的展开式,提出了超高阶模型空间重力异常插值快速计算方法,为了验证本文方法在东西狭长分布的点集更具有应用优势,采用球谐旋转变换技术进一步提升了计算效率。试验结果表明,利用2160阶次EGM2008模型计算日本地区同一高度的30303个非等纬度分布的六边形网格点处模型重力异常,插值快速计算方法相比逐点计算,在误差不超±0.005 mGal水平下,计算耗时从3669.41 s缩减到98.05 s,同时经过球谐旋转变换,将南北狭长的日本区域点集旋转为东西狭长分布,使得上述相应计算内容的耗时进一步由98.05 s缩减到19.06 s,计算效率相比最初方法提速比达到近200倍,有效解决了非等纬度分布点的超高阶模型重力异常快速解算的效率难题,且验证了该方法在东西狭长分布的情况下具有更高的提速比。

Numerical Solutions of Fractional Variable Order Differential Equations via Using Shifted Legendre Polynomials

In this manuscript,an algorithm for the computation of numerical solutions to some variable order fractional differential equations(FDEs)subject to the boundary and initial conditions is developed.We use shifted Legendre polynomials for the required numerical algorithm to develop some operational matrices.Further,operational matrices are constructed using variable order differentiation and integration.We are finding the operationalmatrices of variable order differentiation and integration by omitting the discretization of data.With the help of aforesaid matrices,considered FDEs are converted to algebraic equations of Sylvester type.Finally,the algebraic equations we get are solved with the help of mathematical software like Matlab or Mathematica to compute numerical solutions.Some examples are given to check the proposed method’s accuracy and graphical representations.Exact and numerical solutions are also compared in the paper for some examples.The efficiency of the method can be enhanced further by increasing the scale level.

时变动力学Legendre级数解的Duhamel积分改进算法

时变系统受迫振动的响应计算理论仍不完善,数值解法不能准确反映振动响应的解析性。利用Legendre多项式逼近法(Legendre polynomial approximation method, LPAM)可以得到时变系统响应的连续近似函数解,但该方法的计算效率较低。将时不变系统的时域响应求解理论移植到时变系统,基于线性系统的叠加原理提出基于Duhamel积分的改进Legendre级数算法,利用Dirac函数的Legendre多项式近似和Duhamel积分求解时变系统的响应。通过一个一阶非齐次变系数常微分方程组说明改进算法的有效性。设计刚度阻尼均线性变化和非线性变化的单自由度系统仿真算例,对比利用该方法得到的瞬态激励和简谐激励下系统位移响应和四阶Runge-Kutta数值法计算结果,说明了改进算法敛散性问题和计算速度的提升。

变系数Volterra型积分微分方程的2种Legendre谱Galerkin数值积分方法

为了进一步提高求解Volterra型积分微分的数值精度,针对一种变系数Volterra型积分微分方程,提出了2种Legendre谱Galerkin数值积分法。采用Galerkin Legendre数值积分对Volterra型积分微分方程的积分项进行预处理,对其构造Legendre tau格式,同时用Chebyshev-Gauss-Lobatto配置点对变系数和积分项部分进行计算,并通过对方程的定义区间进行分解,提出了一种多区间Legendre谱Galerkin数值积分法。该方法的格式对于奇数阶模型具有对称结构。此外,通过引入Volterra型积分微分方程的最小二乘函数,构造了Legendre谱Galerkin最小二乘数值积分法。该方法对应的代数方程系数矩阵是对称正定的。数值算例验证了这2种Legendre谱Galerkin数值积分方法的高阶精度和有效性。

Diophantine equations and Fermat's last theorem for multivariate(skew-)polynomials

Fermat’s Last Theorem is a famous theorem in number theory which is difficult to prove.However,it is known that the version of polynomials with one variable of Fermat’s Last Theorem over C can be proved very concisely.The aim of this paper is to study the similar problems about Fermat’s Last Theorem for multivariate(skew)-polynomials with any characteristic.

Legendre-Weighted Residual Methods for System of Fractional Order Differential Equations

The numerical approach for finding the solution of fractional order systems of boundary value problems (BPVs) is derived in this paper. The implementation of the weighted residuals such as Galerkin, Least Square, and Collocation methods are included for solving fractional order differential equations, which is broadened to acquire the approximate solutions of fractional order systems with differentiable polynomials, namely Legendre polynomials, as basis functions. The algorithm of the residual formulations of matrix form can be coded efficiently. The interpretation of Caputo fractional derivatives is employed here. We have demonstrated these methods numerically through a few examples of linear and nonlinear BVPs. The results in absolute errors show that the present method efficiently finds the numerical solutions of fractional order systems of differential equations.

An Extended Numerical Method by Stancu Polynomials for Solution of Integro-Differential Equations Arising in Oscillating Magnetic Fields

In this study, the Bernstein collocation method has been expanded to Stancu collocation method for numerical solution of the charged particle motion for certain configurations of oscillating magnetic fields modelled by a class of linear integro-differential equations. As the method has been improved, the Stancu polynomials that are generalization of the Bernstein polynomials have been used. The method has been tested on a physical problem how the method can be applied. Moreover, numerical results of the method have been compared with the numerical results of the other methods to indicate the efficiency of the method.

Improving Video Watermarking through Galois Field GF(2^(4)) Multiplication Tables with Diverse Irreducible Polynomials and Adaptive Techniques

Video watermarking plays a crucial role in protecting intellectual property rights and ensuring content authenticity.This study delves into the integration of Galois Field(GF)multiplication tables,especially GF(2^(4)),and their interaction with distinct irreducible polynomials.The primary aim is to enhance watermarking techniques for achieving imperceptibility,robustness,and efficient execution time.The research employs scene selection and adaptive thresholding techniques to streamline the watermarking process.Scene selection is used strategically to embed watermarks in the most vital frames of the video,while adaptive thresholding methods ensure that the watermarking process adheres to imperceptibility criteria,maintaining the video's visual quality.Concurrently,careful consideration is given to execution time,crucial in real-world scenarios,to balance efficiency and efficacy.The Peak Signal-to-Noise Ratio(PSNR)serves as a pivotal metric to gauge the watermark's imperceptibility and video quality.The study explores various irreducible polynomials,navigating the trade-offs between computational efficiency and watermark imperceptibility.In parallel,the study pays careful attention to the execution time,a paramount consideration in real-world scenarios,to strike a balance between efficiency and efficacy.This comprehensive analysis provides valuable insights into the interplay of GF multiplication tables,diverse irreducible polynomials,scene selection,adaptive thresholding,imperceptibility,and execution time.The evaluation of the proposed algorithm's robustness was conducted using PSNR and NC metrics,and it was subjected to assessment under the impact of five distinct attack scenarios.These findings contribute to the development of watermarking strategies that balance imperceptibility,robustness,and processing efficiency,enhancing the field's practicality and effectiveness.

A Collocation Technique via Pell-Lucas Polynomials to Solve Fractional Differential EquationModel for HIV/AIDS with Treatment Compartment

In this study,a numerical method based on the Pell-Lucas polynomials(PLPs)is developed to solve the fractional order HIV/AIDS epidemic model with a treatment compartment.The HIV/AIDS mathematical model with a treatment compartment is divided into five classes,namely,susceptible patients(S),HIV-positive individuals(I),individuals with full-blown AIDS but not receiving ARV treatment(A),individuals being treated(T),and individuals who have changed their sexual habits sufficiently(R).According to the method,by utilizing the PLPs and the collocation points,we convert the fractional order HIV/AIDS epidemic model with a treatment compartment into a nonlinear system of the algebraic equations.Also,the error analysis is presented for the Pell-Lucas approximation method.The aim of this study is to observe the behavior of five populations after 200 days when drug treatment is applied to HIV-infectious and full-blown AIDS people.To demonstrate the usefulness of this method,the applications are made on the numerical example with the help of MATLAB.In addition,four cases of the fractional order derivative(p=1,p=0.95,p=0.9,p=0.85)are examined in the range[0,200].Owing to applications,we figured out that the outcomes have quite decent errors.Also,we understand that the errors decrease when the value of N increases.The figures in this study are created in MATLAB.The outcomes indicate that the presented method is reasonably sufficient and correct.

基于循环Legendre模糊神经网络的DFIG二阶滑模容错控制

针对双馈感应发电机(DFIG)易受外界干扰而对并网产生影响的问题,将循环Legendre模糊神经网络(RLFNN)与二阶滑模控制(SOSMC)应用于DFIG控制中,从而提高了DFIG在传感器故障和不确定条件下的功率跟踪能力。首先,SOSMC采用超螺旋算法进行推导,并使用Lyapunov第二定理证明了控制系统的渐近稳定性。其次,提出了使用RLFNN来估计不确定部分,RLFNN的控制律与参数可在线训练,以进一步确保系统鲁棒性。仿真结果表明,所提出的方法能够使DFIG在发生传感器故障、参数变化以及外部干扰情况下保持正常运行,实现了有效容错控制。

The Study of Root Subspace Decomposition between Characteristic Polynomials and Minimum Polynomial

Let Abe the linear transformation on the linear space V in the field P, Vλibe the root subspace corresponding to the characteristic polynomial of the eigenvalue λi, and Wλibe the root subspace corresponding to the minimum polynomial of λi. Consider the problem of whether Vλiand Wλiare equal under the condition that the characteristic polynomial of Ahas the same eigenvalue as the minimum polynomial (see Theorem 1, 2). This article uses the method of mutual inclusion to prove that Vλi=Wλi. Compared to previous studies and proofs, the results of this research can be directly cited in related works. For instance, they can be directly cited in Daoji Meng’s book “Introduction to Differential Geometry.”

A coupled Legendre-Laguerre polynomial method with analytical integration for the Rayleigh waves in a quasicrystal layered half-space with an imperfect interface

The Laguerre polynomial method has been successfully used to investigate the dynamic responses of a half-space.However,it fails to obtain the correct stress at the interfaces in a layered half-space,especially when there are significant differences in material properties.Therefore,a coupled Legendre-Laguerre polynomial method with analytical integration is proposed.The Rayleigh waves in a one-dimensional(1D)hexagonal quasicrystal(QC)layered half-space with an imperfect interface are investigated.The correctness is validated by comparison with available results.Its computation efficiency is analyzed.The dispersion curves of the phase velocity,displacement distributions,and stress distributions are illustrated.The effects of the phonon-phason coupling and imperfect interface coefficients on the wave characteristics are investigated.Some novel findings reveal that the proposed method is highly efficient for addressing the Rayleigh waves in a QC layered half-space.It can save over 99%of the computation time.This method can be expanded to investigate waves in various layered half-spaces,including earth-layered media and surface acoustic wave(SAW)devices.

Linear Functional Equations and Twisted Polynomials

A certain variety of non-switched polynomials provides a uni-figure representation for a wide range of linear functional equations. This is properly adapted for the calculations. We reinterpret from this point of view a number of algorithms.

New Form of Legendre Polynomials Obtained by Virtue of Excited Squeezed State and IWOP Technique in Quantum Optics

Using the technique of integration within an ordered product of operators and the intermediate coordinatemomentum representation in quantum optics, as well as the excited squeezed state we derive a new form of Legendre polynomials.

非线性非一致介质二维Maxwell方程leap-frogCrank-Nicolson多区域Legendre-tau配置谱方法

该文研究了具有非线性电导率的非一致介质二维Maxwell方程的数值求解方法,提出了多区域Legendre-tau配置谱方法.该数值方法空间上达到谱精度,时间上是二阶精度.时间方向采用leap-frog Crank-Nicolson三层格式进行离散.非线性项放在中间已知层采用谱配置法显式处理,线性项采用Legendre谱方法隐式处理.利用显隐数值格式,既有较好的稳定性又方便算法实施.基于合理的弱形式,不需要使用额外附加的连接条件,以自然边界条件的方式处理交界面条件.定义不同次数多项式逼近空间,构建一致的数值格式.详细证明了半离散和全离散数值格式的稳定性和收敛性,并得到L^(2)-范数的最优误差估计.算例中,利用快速Legendre变换在Chebyshev点上计算非线性项,提高算法效率.数值结果证实了该数值方法求解此类非线性问题的有效性,并且没有因为解的间断而损失谱精度.

New Implementation of Legendre Polynomials for Solving Partial Differential Equations

In this paper we present a proposal using Legendre polynomials approximation for the solution of the second order linear partial differential equations. Our approach consists of reducing the problem to a set of linear equations by expanding the approximate solution in terms of shifted Legendre polynomials with unknown coefficients. The performance of presented method has been compared with other methods, namely Sinc-Galerkin, quadratic spline collocation and LiuLin method. Numerical examples show better accuracy of the proposed method. Moreover, the computation cost decreases at least by a factor of 6 in this method.

Legendre配置谱方法求解Bose-Einstein凝聚态的基态解

近年来,有关Bose-Einstein凝聚态基态解的实验研究已经取得了一系列重要的成果.该文在相关研究成果的基础上,首先通过降维和无量纲化方法将Bose-Einstein凝聚态基态解问题转换成能量泛函极值问题,在离散该泛函时,尝试使用Legendre配置谱方法离散该能量泛函的一维和二维情形.其次,对该能量泛函极小值问题进行了数值模拟.最后,通过分析实验数据结果和图像得出,针对非旋转的Bose-Einstein凝聚态的基态解问题可以使用Legendre配置谱方法来求解,且数值结果的误差较小.

A Block Procedure with Linear Multi-Step Methods Using Legendre Polynomials for Solving ODEs

In this article, we derive a block procedure for some K-step linear multi-step methods (for K = 1, 2 and 3), using Legendre polynomials as the basis functions. We give discrete methods used in block and implement it for solving the non-stiff initial value problems, being the continuous interpolant derived and collocated at grid and off-grid points. Numerical examples of ordinary differential equations (ODEs) are solved using the proposed methods to show the validity and the accuracy of the introduced algorithms. A comparison with fourth-order Runge-Kutta method is given. The ob-tained numerical results reveal that the proposed method is efficient.

Characterization of Optical Aberrations Induced by Thermal Gradients and Vibrations via Zernike and Legendre Polynomials

For every astronomical instrument, the operating conditions are undoubtedly different from those defined in a setup experiment. Besides environmental conditions, the drives, the electronic cabinets containing heaters and fans introduce disturbances that must be taken into account already in the preliminary design phase. Such disturbances can be identified as being mostly of two types: heat sources/sinks or cooling systems responsible for heat transfer via conduction, radiation, free and forced convection on one side and random and periodic vibrations on the other. For this reason, a key role already from the very beginning of the design process is played by integrated model merging the outcomes based on a Finite Element Model from thermo-structural and modal analysis into the optical model to estimate the aberrations. The current paper presents the status of such model, capable of analyzing the deformed surfaces deriving from both thermo-structural and vibrational analyses and measuring their effect in terms of optical aberrations by fitting them by Zernike and Legendre polynomial fitting respectively for circular and rectangular apertures. The independent contribution of each aberration is satisfied by the orthogonality of the polynomials and mesh uniformity.

Legendre多项式神经网络在重力数据插值中的应用

当前重力背景场构建所需的高精度、高分辨率重力数据,已可通过多种方式获取。神经网络与重力场结合的研究方兴未艾,考虑到神经网络使用的特点,其适用于重力数据处理的插值拟合过程。本文针对重力离散数据格网化插值过程精度降低的问题,提出一种基于正交多项式神经网络对重力数据进行插值的新方法。勒让德多项式神经网络(LPNN)模型具有复杂非线性映射能力,能够对重力数据推估建模,但由于其单层结构,LPNN的计算复杂度低。通过与现有方法进行比较,本文方法获得结果的准确性和可靠性,最后在中国南海实验区域上进行高精度重力数据插值成图,进一步验证了方法的可行性。