Landscape Aesthetic Characteristics of Wulingyuan World Natural Heritage Property and Realization Path of Aesthetic Education Value

Wulingyuan is a world natural heritage property mainly dominated by rare quartz sandstone peak forest landscape at home and abroad and supplemented by karst landscapes,with a large number of geological and historical sites,biological and ecological landscape and unique cultural landscapes.Preserving the secluded and beautiful scenery environment,biological environment and ecosystem of subtropical zone,Wulingyuan presents a splendid and magnificent landscape,with high aesthetic value,and becomes an important practice base of aesthetic education.The aesthetic education value of Wulingyuan World Natural Heritage Property can be realized by systematically studying and presenting the aesthetic education value of Wulingyuan World Natural Heritage Property,developing a series of aesthetic education courses to lead tourists into the world of Wulingyuan aesthetic education,carrying out a series of popular science activities of“Wulingyuan World Natural Heritage Property Entering Campus”,and incorporating into the aesthetic education curriculum system of schools,etc.This paper analyzes the landscape aesthetic characteristics of Wulingyuan World Natural Heritage Property thoroughly,which indicates the direction for realizing the aesthetic education value of the property,and also provides a reference for realizing the aesthetic education value of similar world natural heritage property.

School Culture Educating People: Realization Path and Action Mechanism

Culture is the core of education and the proper meaning of education. Exploring the realization path and function mechanism of school culture education is a major task for educators at present and in the future. Then, the current academic research started late, had few achievements and was relatively broad and weak. The article believes that the mechanism of school culture educating people includes three fields: “cultural field”, “cultivation field” and “education field”. School teachers and students should be guided to make cultural choices, consciously transform school culture into personal culture, and achieve the purpose of school culture educating people.

Moderate scale and realization potential of new citrus-planting business entities in hilly and mountainous areas in China

The natural and economic conditions of agricultural resources vary greatly in China,especially in hilly and mountainous areas.The phenomenon of land fragmentation has become increasingly prominent,so that large-scale operations cannot be fully achieved in a short period of time,and the centralized and continuous scale of operations cannot be realized in China.In addition,with increasingly strict farmland protection and agricultural land use control systems,the issues of nongrain production and nonagricultural cultivated land use have become increasingly restricted.Thus,it is quite necessary to determine the appropriate scale of operations and the means to achieve moderately scaled operations for the new business entities.On the basis of microsurvey data for 108 new citrus-planting business entities in the modern agricultural park in the Chongqing's Jiangjin District,an area with long citrus-planting history,we measured the moderate scale of new citrus-planting business entities to maximize profit using a translog growth model.According to the projection pursuit model,we evaluated the suitability conditions of citrus planting in garden land,woodland,grassland,and general cultivated land in the study area.We then explored the potential for new moderate-scale business entities within different farming radii.The results showed that large-scale planting conditions of citrus in garden land,forest land,grassland,and general cultivated land in the study area were suitable,and the proportion of high-suitable and mediumsuitable land was 73.42%.Under the existing social and economic conditions,the moderate scale of new citrus-planting business entities in the study area was 1.8–2.7 hm^(2).In particular,its rankings from large to small were agricultural enterprises(17.19–25.78 hm^(2)),farmer cooperatives(16.88–25.33 hm^(2)),big growers and breeders(6.39–9.59 hm^(2)),and family farms(5.02–7.53 hm^(2)).In the sample of 108 households,only 47.22%of the entities achieved moderate-scale operation,of which 25%of the entities achieved a scale greater than moderate operation.However,52.78%of the entities achieved a scale of less than moderate operation.These entities would have to transfer the surrounding adjacent garden land,forest land,grassland,or general cultivated land to achieve largescale land management.The land area of the adjacent gardens in a 1000 m farming radius could meet the moderate-scale operation demand of the vast majority of new business entities.For the vast majority of new business entities,the land area of the adjacent woodland,grassland,and general cultivated land could supplement the garden land to achieve moderate-scale operation in a 500 m farming radius.If the land area with moderate suitability and high suitability is prioritized,the land area in the adjacent gardens in the 1000 m farming radius could meet the moderate-scale operation demand for the vast majority of new business entities.Within the 500 m farming radius,the vast majority of new business entities have achieved moderate-scale operations if the land area adjacent to forest land,grassland,and general arable land was supplemented by gardens;however,a few entities could not achieve moderate-scale operations.From the village perspective,gardens were prioritized.Sixteen villages had planting areas and planting suitability that exceeded the average level of the study area,accounting for 23.53%.If combined with the reserve potential of the garden land,eight villages could improve their potential,accounting for 11.76%.Therefore,the conditions of large-scale citrus planting in the study area should be further improved,and the scale expansion of new citrus-planting business entities should receive additional scientific guidance.

RELATIONS BETWEEN PERFORMANCE POTENTIALS AND INFINITESIMAL REALIZATION FACTORS IN CLOSED QUEUEING NETWORKS

In this paper,the concept of the infinitesimal realization factor is extended to the parameter dependent performance functions in closed queueing networks.Then the concepts of realization matrix (its elements are called realization factors) and performance potential are introduced,and the relations between infinitesimal realization factors and these two quantities are discussed.This provides a united framework for both IPA and non IPA approaches.Finally,another physical meaning of the service rate is given.

Inhomogeneous Differential Realization, Boson-Fermion Realization of OSP(2,1) Superalgebra and Its Representations

Homogeneous and inhornogeneous differential realizations of the OSP(2,1)superalgebra on the spaces of homogeneous and inhomogeneous polynomials and the corresponding boson-fermioii realizations are studied.The new indecomposable and irreducible representations of the OSP(2,1)are given on subspaces and quotient spaces of the universal enveloping algebras of Heisenberg-Weyl superalgebra.All the finite dimensional irreducible representation of the OSP(2,1)superalgebra is naturally obtained as special cases.

西方国际税收中关于cash,accrual,realization的概念探讨

cash,accrual,realization是税收时间期会计计算的重要概念。在实际工作中,对其在中英文的理解上往往会产生很大差异,因而导致操作上的误区。本文试图从会计和税收角度对这几个概念进行一些探讨。

A new chaotic system and its circuit realization

Based on the Lü system, a new chaotic system is constructed, which can generate a Lorenz-like attractor, Chen-like attractor, Lii-like attractor and new attractor when its parameters are chosen appropriately. The detailed dynamical behaviours of this system are also investigated, including equilibria and stability, bifurcations, and Lyapunov exponent spectrum. Moreover, a novel analogue circuit diagram is designed for the verification of various attractors.

Realization of an Optimal Dynamic Geodetic Reference Frame in China:Methodology and Applications

China Geodetic Coordinate System 2000(CGCS2000)has been used for several years as a formal published reference frame.The coordinates of all global navigation satellite system(GNSS)stations in China need to be corrected to align with the CGCS2000 frame.Different strategies can be adopted for the realization of an optimal reference frame.However,different strategies lead to different results,with differences as great as several decimeters when GNSS station coordinates are transformed into CGCS2000-defined coordinates.The two common methods for the coordinate correction of a GNSS station are quasi-stable adjustment under CGCS2000 and plate movement correction,and the differences between their results can be greater than 10 cm.In this study,a statistic method called"supervised clustering"is applied to the selection of GNSS reference stations;a new scheme named"partition spacing"for the grouping of all processed GNSS stations is proposed;and the plate movement correction method is used to correct the coordinates of all GNSS stations from the GNSS epoch to the CGCS2000 epoch.The results from the new partitioning method were found to be significantly better than those from the conventional station-blocking approach.When coordinates from the stations without grouping were used as the standard,the accuracy of all the three-dimensional coordinate components from the new partitioning method was better than 2 mm.The root mean squares(RMSs)of the velocities in the x,y,and z directions resulting from the supervised clustering method were 0.19,0.45,and 0.32 mm∙a1,respectively,which were much smaller than the values of 0.92,0.72,and 0.97 mm∙a1 that resulted from the conventional approach.In addition,singular spectrum analysis(SSA)was used to model and predict the position nonlinear movements.The modeling accuracies of SSA were better than 3,2,and 5 mm in the east(E),north(N),and up(U)directions,respectively;and its prediction accuracies were better than 5 mm and 1 cm for the horizontal and vertical domains,respectively.

RESEARCH ON THEORETIC EVIDENCE AND REALIZATION OF DIRECTLY-MEAN EMD METHOD

Emprical mode decomposition(EMD) is a method and principle of decomposing signal dealing with Hilbert-Huang transform (HHT) in signal analysis, while directly-mean EMD is an improved EMD method presented by N.E.Huang, the inventor of HHT, which is aimed at solving the problems of EMD principle. Although the directly-mean HMD method is very remarkable with its advantages and N. E. Huang has given a method to realize it, he did not find the theoretic evidence of the method so that the feasibility of the idea and correctness of realizing the directly-mean EMD method is still indeterminate. For this a deep research on the forming process of complex signal is made and the involved stationary point principle and asymptotic stationary point principle are demonstrated, thus some theoretic evidences and the correct realizing way of directly-mean EMD method is firstly presented. Some simulation examples for demonstrating the idea presented are given.

The Realization Path of Japan's Agricultural Modernization and Its Precious Experience for China

In Japan, the per capita arable land area is small, the natural resources are short, and agricultural production has the typical characteristics of the peasant economy. Even if there are many unfavorable conditions, the level of agricultural modernization of Japan has exceeded that of many developed countries. We conduct comparative analysis on the development characteristics of China's agriculture and Japan's agriculture, and summarize the realization path of Japan's agricultural modernization. Based on the reality of China, we can draw on the following experience from Japan: establishing and improving the agricultural legislation for agriculture; improving the rural cooperative economic organizations; deepening the reform of the agricultural land property right system; increasing the government's direct funds input of into agriculture; improving the agricultural technology extension system.

Robust state-space realizations of digital filters against finite word length errors

This article deals with two important issues in digital filter implementation： roundoff noise and limit cycles. A novel class of robust state-space realizations, called normal realizations, is derived and characterized. It is seen that these realizations are free of limit cycles. Another interesting property of the normal realizations is that they yield a minimal error propagation gain. The optimal realization problem, defined as to find those normal realizations that minimize roundoff noise gain, is formulated and solved analytically. A design example is presented to demonstrate the behavior of the optimal normal realizations and to compare them with several well-known digital filter realizations in terms of minimizing the roundoff noise and the error propagation.

Indecomposable Representations of the Square—Root Lie Algebras of Vector Type and Their Boson Realizations

The explicit expressions for indecomposable representations of nine square-root Lie algebras of vector type, , are obtained on the space of universal enveloping algebra of two-state Heisenberg–Weyl algebra, the invariant subspaces and the quotient spaces. From Fock representations corresponding to these indecomposable representations, the inhomogeneous boson realizations of are given. The expectation values of in the angular momentum coherent states are calculated as well as the corresponding classical limits.

A Modal Identification Algorithm Combining Blind Source Separation and State Space Realization

A modal identification algorithm is developed, combining techniques from Second Order Blind Source Separation (SOBSS) and State Space Realization (SSR) theory. In this hybrid algorithm, a set of correlation matrices is generated using time-shifted, analytic data and assembled into several Hankel matrices. Dissimilar left and right matrices are found, which diagonalize the set of nonhermetian Hankel matrices. The complex-valued modal matrix is obtained from this decomposition. The modal responses, modal auto-correlation functions and discrete-time plant matrix (in state space modal form) are subsequently identified. System eigenvalues are computed from the plant matrix to obtain the natural frequencies and modal fractions of critical damping. Joint Approximate Diagonalization (JAD) of the Hankel matrices enables the under determined (more modes than sensors) problem to be effectively treated without restrictions on the number of sensors required. Because the analytic signal is used, the redundant complex conjugate pairs are eliminated, reducing the system order (number of modes) to be identified half. This enables smaller Hankel matrix sizes and reduced computational effort. The modal auto-correlation functions provide an expedient means of screening out spurious computational modes or modes corresponding to noise sources, eliminating the need for a consistency diagram. In addition, the reduction in the number of modes enables the modal responses to be identified when there are at least as many sensors as independent (not including conjugate pairs) modes. A further benefit of the algorithm is that identification of dissimilar left and right diagonalizers preclude the need for windowing of the analytic data. The effectiveness of the new modal identification method is demonstrated using vibration data from a 6 DOF simulation, 4-story building simulation and the Heritage court tower building.

Supplemental Materials: Realization of Quantum Maxwell's Demon with Solid-State Spins

We report experimental realization of a quantum version of Maxwell＇s demon using solid state spins where the information acquiring and feedback operations by the demon are achieved through conditional quantum gates.A unique feature of this implementation is that the demon can start in a quantum superposition state or in an entangled state with an ancilla observer. Through quantum state tomography, we measure the entropy in the system, demon, and the ancilla, showing the influence of coherence and entanglement on the result. A quantum implementation of Maxwell＇s demon adds more controllability to this paradoxical thermal machine and may find applications in quantum thermodynamics involving microscopic systems.

Realization Path to Pro-Poor-Tourism Development of Dabie Mountains

Relying on rich tourism resources of the Dabie Mountains to accelerate industrialized poverty alleviation and development is the inevitable choice of promoting regional economic and social leapfrog development. The realistic basis of pro-poor tourism of the Dabie Mountains is already ready and continuously strengthened. This paper, based on domestic and foreign pro-poor tourism practices, put forward the development path to pro-poor-tourism of Dabie Mountains of "establishing tourism development platform with the government as the leading factor; establishing the benefit sharing mechanism of pro-poor tourism with community participation as the main line; improving the community residents' professionalism in engaging in tourism with local residents as the main body; enhancing the overall effectiveness of pro-poor tourism with tourism as the principal industry".

New Bose Operator Realization of SU(2) Algebra and Its Application in Optical Propagation

We introduce a new Bose operator realization of SU(2) Lie algebra and applied it to optical propagationin GRIN media or some lens-setup.

ON MINIMUM-ERROR-PROBABILITY CHANNEL EQUALIZATION AND ITS REALIZATIONS USING k-NEAREST NEIGHBOR RULE AND NEURAL NETS

This paper deals with the minimum-error-probability(MEP)channelequalization problem and its realizations using k-nearest neighbor rule andbackpropagation(BP)neural nets.The main contributions include:(1)it shows that in thecase of the maximum possiblc value of the intcrsymbol intcrfcrcnce less than the magni-tude of the dcsircd symbol,the channcl equalization problcm is always lincarly separable;(2)the basic concepts and rclations of the MEP equalization are introduccd,and somenumcrical rcsults are providcd to indicate the performance advantage over the linear equal-izer;(3)subsequently prescntcd are the MEP adaptive equalizer implemented by k-nearestneighbor rule and the theorems regarding the asymptotic convergence and error bounds;(4)and finally it shows that the BP neural nets with appropriatc laycrs and nodes,whichtake minimization of mcan square crror(MSE)as the optimization goal,can also minimizethe error probability,thus leading to another realization of the MEP cqualizer.

Dynamical analysis,circuit realization,and application in pseudorandom number generators of a fractional-order laser chaotic system

A new five-dimensional fractional-order laser chaotic system(FOLCS)is constructed by incorporating complex variables and fractional calculus into a Lorentz-Haken-type laser system.Dynamical behavior of the system,circuit realization and application in pseudorandom number generators are studied.Many types of multi-stable states are discovered in the system.Interestingly,there are two types of state transition phenomena in the system,one is the chaotic state degenerates to a periodical state,and the other is the intermittent chaotic oscillation.In addition,the complexity of the system when two parameters change simultaneously is measured by the spectral entropy algorithm.Moreover,a digital circuit is design and the chaotic oscillation behaviors of the system are verified on this circuit.Finally,a pseudo-random sequence generator is designed using the FOLCS,and the statistical characteristics of the generated pseudo-random sequence are tested with the NIST-800-22.This study enriches the research on the dynamics and applications of FOLCS.

Inverse design-based metamaterial transparent device and its multilayer realization

We propose an inverse method to determine the material parameters of a transparent device without any knowledge of the corresponding transformation function. The required parameters are independently obtained and expressed as functions of the introduced generator. Moreover, to remove the inhomogeneity and anisotropy of material parameters, a layered transparent device composed of only homogeneous and isotropic materials is presented based on the effective medium theory. The feasibility of using the layered device in antenna protection is also investigated. Full-wave simulation is carried out for verification. This work paves a new way toward designing metamaterial devices without specifying the underlying coordinate transformation, and has great guiding significance for the practical fabrication of transparent devices.

Design and realization of a novel multitask TT&C operation pattern

With the sharp increase of China＇s in-orbit spacecraft and the constraint TT＆C resources, a mathematical model for optimal TT＆C resource allocation is proposed, and the TT＆C facility remote monitoring function is designed to achieve the multitask operation pattern under the unified management of the network management center. With this pattern, the TT＆C network management and the spacecraft management are separated, which is quite different from the previous pattern. Further, a novel spacecraft TT＆C technique based on spacecraft control language is developed, and the telecommanding pattern is designed to address the spacecraft operation problems. The engineering application shows that this pattern fundamentally improves the TT＆C network capability, increases the resource efficiency, and satisfies the efficient, accurate, and flexible operation of spacecraft.