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Research Progress on Evaluation Frameworks of Regional Ecological Sustainability 被引量:9
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作者 PENG Jian WANG Yanglin +2 位作者 WU Jiansheng SHEN Hong PAN Yajing 《Chinese Geographical Science》 SCIE CSCD 2011年第4期496-510,共15页
As natural ecosystems provide the material basis and fundamental support for regional sustainable devel-opment,the sustainability of natural ecosystems is an important prerequisite and a viable approach for the achiev... As natural ecosystems provide the material basis and fundamental support for regional sustainable devel-opment,the sustainability of natural ecosystems is an important prerequisite and a viable approach for the achievement of regional sustainable development.It is also the final criteria to assess whether sustainable development paradigm is successful.Along with the increasing impacts of human activities on natural ecosystems,the evaluation of regional ecological sustainability has become one of the key issues for research on macro ecology and sustainable development.Based on different unit of indicators,this study firstly groups the evaluation frameworks of regional ecological sus-tainability into three major types:comprehensive index evaluation with dimensionless unit,monetary valuation,and biophysical quantity measurement.We then discuss and compare these types in terms of basic principles,scope of ap-plications,advantages and shortcomings.Finally,drawn on the discussion about characteristics of ecological sustain-ability,we outline the current trend and future directions of regional ecological sustainability evaluation,for instance,transition from sustainable development evaluation to sustainability science,integration of goal-oriented and problem-solving approaches,combination of spatial pattern analysis and ecological sustainability evaluation,and en-hancement of ecological sustainability evaluation at landscape scale. 展开更多
关键词 evaluation framework regional ecological sustainability research progress research prospects compre-hensive index evaluation monetary valuation biophysical quantity measurement
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Seagrass Bed Ecosystem Service Valuation——A Case Research on Hepu Seagrass Bed in Guangxi Province 被引量:3
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作者 韩秋影 黄小平 +1 位作者 施平 张景平 《Marine Science Bulletin》 CAS 2008年第1期87-96,共10页
Seagrass bed ecosystem is a coastal ecosystem with abundant biodiversity and high production. It is also an important system for the sustainable development of human society and economy. Based on the local research, s... Seagrass bed ecosystem is a coastal ecosystem with abundant biodiversity and high production. It is also an important system for the sustainable development of human society and economy. Based on the local research, statistical data and prevenient research results, the main services of Hepu seagrass ecosystem were analyzed in the paper, including fishing production, nutrient cycling, scientific research, protecting the coast from eroding, climate regulation, biodiversity, culture, bequest valuation, option valuation and existence valuation and so on. At the same time, we used ecological and economic methods for economic evaluation of seagrass in Hepu of Guangxi, including the market valuation method, contingent valuation method, carbon and tax method, benefit transfer method and expert survey method. The results showed that the total valuation of the Hepu seagrass ecosystem service was about 6.29 × 10^5 Yuan RMB/ha in 2005. Among these services, the indirect using valuation is the main aspect, which was 4.47 x 10^5Yuan RMB/ha in 2005, accounting for 70.97 % of the total valuation. The non-using valuation was 1.54 × 10^5 Yuan RMB/ha in 2005, accounting for 24.52 % of the total valuation. The direct using valuation is the least, which was only 2.84 × 10^4 Yuan RMB/ha in 2005, accounting for 4.51% of the total valuation. 展开更多
关键词 Seagrass bed ecosystem service valuation Hepu South China
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Assessing the Economic Value of Vernacular Architecture of Mountain Regions Using Contingent Valuation 被引量:6
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作者 Stella GIANNAKOPOULOU Dimitris DAMIGOS Dimitris KALIAMPAKOS 《Journal of Mountain Science》 SCIE CSCD 2011年第5期629-640,共12页
Human pressure on mountain resources poses certain threats to their natural and man-made environment. Although there are many parameters involved, one of the driving forces behind this situation is the emphasis given ... Human pressure on mountain resources poses certain threats to their natural and man-made environment. Although there are many parameters involved, one of the driving forces behind this situation is the emphasis given so far only to the market value of mountain goods and services, ignoring the true social and environmental costs of using mountain resources. Towards this direction, the use of non-market valuation techniques could prove to be beneficial. Bearing in mind the above remarks, the paper presents an application of the Contingent Valuation Method, which aims at estimating the monetary value of a mountain settlement’s vernacular architecture, namely Metsovo. For this purpose, the survey focuses on Metsovo visitors’ willingness to pay a single annual voluntary contribution to an institution that would be founded in order to undertake all necessary actions required to preserve the town’s traditional character. The results are very promising and indicate that vernacular architecture holds a significant economic value that could justify the implementation of appropriate policies towards the protection of vernacular settlements in mountain areas. 展开更多
关键词 Non-market valuation Vernacular architecture Contingent valuation
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Evaluation on Non-use Value of Dianchi Lake Wetland Using CVM
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作者 谭喨 刘春学 +2 位作者 王鹏云 徐杉 曾燕 《Agricultural Science & Technology》 CAS 2012年第3期617-622,共6页
[Objective] This study was to analyze the personal Willingness to Pay (WI-P) on the non-use value of Dianchi lake wetland and the influential factors. [Method] Questionnaire was designed according to the Contingent ... [Objective] This study was to analyze the personal Willingness to Pay (WI-P) on the non-use value of Dianchi lake wetland and the influential factors. [Method] Questionnaire was designed according to the Contingent Valuation Method (CVM) to investigate people of different occupations at different ages, based on which the evaluation on non-use value of Dianchi lake wetland was carried out. And the relationship between WTP and social characteristics were analyzed by using non- parametric estimation. [Result] The average WTP on Dianchi lake wetland is 150.03- 217.66 yuan per person every year, and the total WTP is 626-909 million yuan ev- ery year. Age, education and residence of the respondents have remarkable influ- ence on the VVTP. The influence of education level and residence on option value is significant; bequest value is significantly correlated with age; while there is no significant relationship between existence value and social characteristics. [Conclusion] The evaluation on the non-use value of Dianchi lake wetland is important for the scientific development and utilization of wetland resources. 展开更多
关键词 CVM (Contingent valuation Method) Dianchi lake wetland Non-use value WTP (Willingness to Pay)
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Economic Valuation of Environmental Services: Increasing the Effectiveness of PES Schemes in Developing Countries?
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作者 Ana Claudia Sant Anna Jorge Madeira Nogueira 《Journal of Agricultural Science and Technology(A)》 2012年第9期1048-1057,共10页
Payments for ecosystem service (PES) schemes have spread all over developing countries in the last 20 years or so. PES schemes often have high opportunity costs in terms of foregone uses of goods and services offere... Payments for ecosystem service (PES) schemes have spread all over developing countries in the last 20 years or so. PES schemes often have high opportunity costs in terms of foregone uses of goods and services offered by the environment. It is within this scope that economic evaluation of environmental goods and services plays a role. In this paper we surveyed articles and studies that report application of economic environmental valuation procedures in PES schemes. Special attention was paid to data collection and analysis, to theoretical robustness of its procedures and to the aggregation of estimated value. We also scrutinize how these estimates had been incorporated into PES schemes, in particularly in the assessment phase of these schemes. Empirical data from Brazil and other Latin American countries were used, particularly those in the Amazon Basis. Our results reveal a frequent overestimation of the values of ecosystem services calculated through the use of economic valuation methods. Values have been estimated by production function methods (opportunity cost, preventive expenditures, recovering cost or dose-response methods). As a consequence, estimated values reflect much more willingness to accept compensation by supplier and rarely willingness to pay by consumer of these ecosystem services. Besides this distance between supply and demand, application of valuation methods did not account for problems such as uncertainty, risks, and lack of information. All these limitations have led to wrong decision-making. 展开更多
关键词 Economic valuation PES valuation methods environmental costs benefits.
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IPT's Quick & Dirty Economic Valuation Method: An Empirical Test on Three Cases
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作者 Paulo Brito Moreira de Azevedo Yuri Basile Tukoff-Guimaraes 《Chinese Business Review》 2015年第1期1-7,共7页
The assessment of economic potential of technological innovation projects and its valuation are key aspects in negotiations among universities, research institutes, and companies. Among the reasons for this, it can be... The assessment of economic potential of technological innovation projects and its valuation are key aspects in negotiations among universities, research institutes, and companies. Among the reasons for this, it can be quoted portfolio prioritization, which involves several different economic, social, and environmental impacts aspects and industrial productivity. The standard of economic potential is an important reference in the project selection process. For technology transfer, the valuation of technologies consists in a relevant task to support intellectual property (IP) negotiations. However, in dynamic environments, negotiations for the commercial exploitation and payment of IP resulting from research projects require quick answers, due to several aspects like tight deadlines to sign contracts. Moreover, technology valuation is one of the most complex activities related to the technology transfer. Due to these challenges faced by Instituto de Pesquisas Tecnol6gicas do Estado de S~,o Paulo (IPT--Institute For Technological Research) in its participation in Brazilian Association of Industrial Innovation (EMBRAPII, acronym in Brazilian Portuguese), authors developed an expedite technology valuation method, based on concepts of discounted cash flow (DCF) associated with Gompertz curve adaptations as a way to support universities and research institutes in negotiations with enterprises. This method has been regularly applied on negotiations between 1PT and companies. This paper will present cases of metallurgical companies. The results obtained confirm the validity of the method in supporting the definition of the payable amounts for commercial exploitation of technologies, enabling the application of this method as an alternative to some methods found in the literature and eventually employed by universities and research institutes in Brazil. For future research, authors recommend comparative studies between Gompertz curve and other methods, such as the Pearl curve, using the same variables of our method. 展开更多
关键词 technology valuation technology transfer intellectual property economic evaluation intellectualproperty (IP) agreements
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Financial Statement Valuations in Italian Accounting Thought Between the 19th and the 20th Century: From "Exchange Value" to "Historical Cost"
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作者 Enrico Gonnella 《Journal of Modern Accounting and Auditing》 2012年第9期1255-1271,共17页
The main subject of this paper is the theory of financial statement valuations observed in its historical development. More notably, regarding the subject, the research is concerned with some theoretical concepts deve... The main subject of this paper is the theory of financial statement valuations observed in its historical development. More notably, regarding the subject, the research is concerned with some theoretical concepts developed by the Italian doctrine in a very specific age, namely, between the 19th and the 20th century, which in fact, devoid of any accounting regulation. This paper analyzes in particular the shift from the exchange value rule to the historical cost method and tries to explain the reasons of such a development. In the second half of the 19th century, some of the best Italian scholars, who were faced with the need to properly develop the problem of accounting valuations, thought that it was appropriate to rely on concepts that belonged to similar sciences, such as economics and real estate appraisal, by blindly borrowing the theory of value from the former and the theory of valuations from the latter. During that age, everything hinged around the concept of exchange value. At the dawn of the 20th century, the Italian accounting doctrine began to wonder about a subject that was crucial to the financial statement theory: the informative purposes underlying the financial statements. At the same time, the first principle took shape, which might be called as the "finalistic principle of value". It is still the basis of the theory of financial accounting measurements, for which different evaluative criteria must be applied to different informative purposes. Thus, an alternative criterion to that of the exchange value makes its appearance on the scene of the accounting valuations, notably the historical cost. The introduction of the historical cost criteria and above all the relinquishment of the combination of the "economic cost" in favor of that of the "manufacturing cost" allow the Italian accounting to get rid of the theories of economics and real estate appraisal, thus, becoming independent regarding the financial statement valuations. 展开更多
关键词 accounting history financial statement valuations asset valuation exchange value historical cost ITALY
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Nature of Valuational Consciousness in Good Life
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作者 Kumar Neeraj Sachdev 《Journal of Philosophy Study》 2012年第10期767-771,共5页
I make an attempt in the paper to argue in favor of the person-centered view of good life, where becoming a good person involves seeking to qualitatively transform oneself into a worthy human being. I maintain that be... I make an attempt in the paper to argue in favor of the person-centered view of good life, where becoming a good person involves seeking to qualitatively transform oneself into a worthy human being. I maintain that becoming fully a person and respecting others as persons are achievements that are not assured for all of us. Thus, for the purpose I prepare the ground for an account of good life that rests on valuational consciousness. I propose that one may ascribe valuational consciousness to a person who is a value-sensitive rational being striving to attain a kind of inner transparency. Evidently, to say that a person has valuational consciousness is to stress the values, which are built into personal consciousness. The life of a person, whether that of truth, courage, nobility, justice, kindness, is a life marked by ego transcending personal consciousness that reaches out to humanity at large. And such a repository of values enables a human being to attain the ideal of good life. The ideal of good life, I contend, consists of attaining the higher order posture of selflessness--a posture of inner transparency. It is to shake off the egocentric partiality that characterizes our usual attitudinal stance towards one another. 展开更多
关键词 good life CONSCIOUSNESS valuational consciousness strong evaluation SELFLESSNESS
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Business valuation methods selection that based on the life cycle
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作者 Qi Huitao Li Hongyan 《International English Education Research》 2015年第4期27-29,共3页
Based on modem financial markets becoming more and more perfect, in company stock, bonds, represented by the investment banking has permeated all aspects of life. Business valuation is the core of value management.How... Based on modem financial markets becoming more and more perfect, in company stock, bonds, represented by the investment banking has permeated all aspects of life. Business valuation is the core of value management.However, companies in different stages of development have a certain stage characteristics, and therefore from the features and characteristics of the different stages of business valuation methods and the factors that affect the value of different businesses created to start, can provide investors assess the business value of new ideas. 展开更多
关键词 life cycle business valuation valuation methods
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Real Estate Evaluation in Germany
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作者 Otmar Schuster Hanns-Florian Schuster 《Journal of Geodesy and Geomatics Engineering》 2014年第1期11-17,共7页
The real estate market is at risk to produce economic bubbles, which produce heavy financial losses while bursting. To flatten these bubbles, Germany tried since the 1960s a way of thorough analysis and high transpare... The real estate market is at risk to produce economic bubbles, which produce heavy financial losses while bursting. To flatten these bubbles, Germany tried since the 1960s a way of thorough analysis and high transparency of the real estate market as a public task. The experts from different professions in the local market effectively are included in a honorary form. The competition between the experts and also between the experts and the public institution is intentionally maintained. 展开更多
关键词 Real estate valuation committees of experts on real estate evaluation purchasing price data base BauGB (FederalBuilding Code).
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Measuring Recreational Value of World Heritage Sites Based on Contingent Valuation Method:A Case Study of Jiuzhaigou 被引量:8
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作者 DONG Xuewang ZHANG Jie +2 位作者 ZHI Ruizhi ZHONG Shi'en LI Min 《Chinese Geographical Science》 SCIE CSCD 2011年第1期119-128,共10页
World heritage possesses various kinds of use value and non-use value. Measuring the recreational value of world heritage sites is a key issue in the heritage tourism. This paper employs Contingent Valuation Method (C... World heritage possesses various kinds of use value and non-use value. Measuring the recreational value of world heritage sites is a key issue in the heritage tourism. This paper employs Contingent Valuation Method (CVM), which is an evaluation instrument on the basis of tourists′ attitude and preference, to measure the recreational value of Jiuzhaigou, one of the World Natural Heritage sites in China, and analyzes the biases in the survey. The results show that: 1) In 2009, Jiuzhaigou′s recreational value was 3.46×108 yuan (RMB), and the per capita Willingness to Pay (WTP) was 137.31 yuan by CVM. Compared with the results of other methods, this result is significantly low. 2) Among the factors that influence Jiuzhaigou tourists′ WTP, psychological perception factors have the greatest effect while demographic and socio-economic characteristics have a small effect on WTP. 3) The virtuality in CVM creates biases both from CVM itself and in the procedures that CVM was implemented. The former includes hypothetical bias, information bias, protest response bias, and strategic bias; and the latter includes the questionnaire design, population and sample definition, sampling and data processing. The paper analyses those biases and illustrates their potential in-fluences on the accuracy of CVM measurement. 4) Although there are various defects in CVM measurement, it is still an effective valuation method. 展开更多
关键词 Contingent valuation Method (CVM) Willingness to Pay (WTP) tourist's attitude tourist's preference world heritage recreational value BIAS Jiuzhalgou
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Valuation of forest carbon sinks in China within the framework of the system of national accounts 被引量:3
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作者 Ying Zhang Jiancheng Chen +1 位作者 Mingxing Hu Armin Offer 《Journal of Forestry Research》 SCIE CAS CSCD 2016年第6期1321-1328,共8页
To better promote forest resource management and strengthen the development of forest carbon sink marketization, this paper studied the accounting of forest carbon sinks from 2003 to 2008 based on a system of national... To better promote forest resource management and strengthen the development of forest carbon sink marketization, this paper studied the accounting of forest carbon sinks from 2003 to 2008 based on a system of national accounts (SNA) and data from the latest forest resources inventory in China. The study calculated the value of forest carbon stocks at a total of RMB 817.13 × 10^9 yuan in 2003 and RMB 839.93×10^9 yuan in 2008, with an average annual increase of 0.55 % from an increase in physical carbon sinks. The total value of forest carbon sinks in 2003 and 2008 was RMB 26.73×10^9 yuan and RMB 29.77×10^9 yuan, respectively, with an average annual growth of 2.18 %. From 2003 to 2008, both stock and flow value of forest carbon sinks increased, but the total net flow value of carbon sinks decreased. The growth rate for the environmentally adjusted Gross Domestic Product (eaGDP) for China's forest carbon sinks was 17.23 %, outstripping the average growth rate of 9.5 % for the GDP during the same period. The study alsoindicates that China's forest carbon sinks affects the GDP in the range of 0.25-0.26 %, and its economic potential is not relatively huge. 展开更多
关键词 Carbon sequestration market China Economic development System of national accounts valuation
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Estimation of conservation value of myrtle(Myrtus communis)using a contingent valuation method:a case study in a Dooreh forest area,Lorestan Province,Iran 被引量:3
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作者 Neda Amiri Seyed F.Emadian +2 位作者 Asghar Fallah Kamran Adeli Hamid Amirnejad 《Forest Ecosystems》 SCIE CSCD 2016年第1期26-36,共11页
Background: Around 2000 plant species occur naturally in Lorestan Province of which 250 species are medicinal and myrtle is one of them. Myrtle is a shrub whose leaves and fruits have medicinal value and thus, if man... Background: Around 2000 plant species occur naturally in Lorestan Province of which 250 species are medicinal and myrtle is one of them. Myrtle is a shrub whose leaves and fruits have medicinal value and thus, if managed and harvested properly, could produce sustained economic benefits. In recent years, however, over half of the myrtle site areas was destroyed, due to inappropriate management and excessive harvesting practices. Thus, coming up with a practical harvesting approach along with identifying those factors damaging the sites, seems to be very crucial. Methods: In our investigation, we calculated the conservation value per hectare of myrtle in the Dooreh forest area in Lorestan Province. Using the Contingent Valuation (CV) and Double Bounded Dichotomous Choice (DBDC) methods, we determined the willingness to pay (VVTP) for myrtle conservation. The VVTP was estimated with a Iogit model for which indices were obtained based on a maximum precision criterion. Results: The results showed that 86.67 per cent of people were willing to pay for the conservation of these myrtle sites. Average monthly WTP per family was calculated as $0.79. The annual conservation value in terms of WTP for the preservation of the myrtle sites in Dooreh was estimated as $102,525. Among the variables of the model presented, education had a positive impact, while the amount proposed for payment and family size had a negative impact on the WTP. Conclusions: Our estimate of the value of myrtle conservation should provide justification for policy makers and decision making bodies of natural resources to implement policies in order to conserve the natural sites of this species more effectively. 展开更多
关键词 Conservation value Myrtle Contingent valuation method Double Bounded Dichotomous method Logit model
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Economic Valuation of Health Impact of PM_(10) Pollution in Beijing from 2001 to 2006 被引量:2
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作者 Zou Wenbo Zhang Shiqiu 《Chinese Journal of Population,Resources and Environment》 2010年第2期68-74,共7页
In light of the practical need for research to inform policy in Beijing,this study evaluates the economic cost of the impact of PM 10 pollution in Beijing from 2001 to 2006,taking health as the main impact,and mortali... In light of the practical need for research to inform policy in Beijing,this study evaluates the economic cost of the impact of PM 10 pollution in Beijing from 2001 to 2006,taking health as the main impact,and mortality as the main outcome.Based on the literature review,this study adopts relatively conservative parameters as the basis for calculating the health impacts.It concludes that nearly 30%of mortality among registered residents above age 30 in Beijing can be attributed to PM 10 pollution,and that the economic cost equals 0.8%-1.2%of the city's GDP over the same period.This is lower than the results of previous studies,but still high enough to warrant a commitment to solve the city's air pollution problem. 展开更多
关键词 health impact economic valuation MORTALITY MORBIDITY PM10 air pollution
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Evaluation of the water conservation function in the Ili River Delta of Central Asia based on the InVEST model 被引量:2
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作者 CAO Yijie MA Yonggang +2 位作者 BAO Anming CHANG Cun LIU Tie 《Journal of Arid Land》 SCIE CSCD 2023年第12期1455-1473,共19页
The Ili River Delta(IRD)is an ecological security barrier for the Lake Balkhash and an important water conservation area in Central Asia.In this study,we selected the IRD as a typical research area,and simulated the w... The Ili River Delta(IRD)is an ecological security barrier for the Lake Balkhash and an important water conservation area in Central Asia.In this study,we selected the IRD as a typical research area,and simulated the water yield and water conservation from 1975 to 2020 using the water yield module of the Integrated Valuation of Ecosystem Services and Tradeoffs(InVEST)model.We further analyzed the temporal and spatial variations in the water yield and water conservation in the IRD from 1975 to 2020,and investigated the main driving factors(precipitation,potential evapotranspiration,land use/land cover change,and inflow from the Ili River)of the water conservation variation based on the linear regression,piecewise linear regression,and Pearson's correlation coefficient analyses.The results indicated that from 1975 to 2020,the water yield and water conservation in the IRD showed a decreasing trend,and the spatial distribution pattern was"high in the east and low in the west";overall,the water conservation of all land use types decreased slightly.The water conservation volume of grassland was the most reduced,although the area of grassland increased owing to the increased inflow from the Ili River.At the same time,the increased inflow has led to the expansion of wetland areas,the improvement of vegetation growth,and the increase of regional evapotranspiration,thus resulting in an overall reduction in the water conservation.The water conservation depth and precipitation had similar spatial distribution patterns;the change in climate factors was the main reason for the decline in the water conservation function in the delta.The reservoir in the upper reaches of the IRD regulated runoff into the Lake Balkhash,promoted vegetation restoration,and had a positive effect on the water conservation;however,this positive effect cannot offset the negative effect of enhanced evapotranspiration.These results provide a reference for the rational allocation of water resources and ecosystem protection in the IRD. 展开更多
关键词 water conservation function water yield Integrated valuation of Ecosystem Services and Tradeoffs(InVEST)model climate change land use/land cover change(LUCC) Ili River Delta Lake Balkhash
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Effect and satisfaction of outpatient services by precision valuation reservation registration 被引量:2
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作者 Hai-Jun Jin An-Lan Cheng +2 位作者 Jin-Yan Qian Li-Mei Lin Huan-Mei Tang 《World Journal of Clinical Cases》 SCIE 2021年第26期7750-7761,共12页
BACKGROUND Due to improvements in living standards,people are now paying more attention to their health.In China,more patients choose to go to large or well-known hospitals,which leads to constant crowding of outpatie... BACKGROUND Due to improvements in living standards,people are now paying more attention to their health.In China,more patients choose to go to large or well-known hospitals,which leads to constant crowding of outpatient clinics in these hospitals.AIM To establish precision valuation reservation registration aimed at shortening waiting time,improving patient experience and promoting the satisfaction of outpatients and medical staff.METHODS On the basis of the implementation of a conventional appointment system,more reasonable time intervals were set for different doctors by evaluating the actual capacity of each doctor to receive patients,and appointment times were made more accurate through intervention.The change in consultation waiting time of patients was then compared.Correlations between the consultation waiting time of patients and the satisfaction of patients or satisfaction of medical staff were analyzed.RESULTS After precision valuation reservation registration,the average consultation waiting time of patients reduced from 18.47 min to 10.11 min(t=8.90,P<0.001).The satisfaction score of patients increased from 91.33 to 96.27(t=-8.62,P<0.001),and the satisfaction score of medical staff increased from 90.51 to 96.04(t=-10.50,P<0.001).The consultation waiting time of patients was negatively correlated with their satisfaction scores(γ=-0.89,P<0.001).The consultation waiting time of patients was also negatively correlated with medical staff satisfaction scores(γ=-0.96,P<0.001).CONCLUSION Precision valuation reservation registration significantly shortened outpatient waiting times and improve the satisfaction of not only patients but also medical staff.This approach played an important role in improving outpatient services,provided a model that is supported by relevant evidence and could continuously improve the quality of management.Precision valuation reservation registration is worth promoting and applying in the clinic. 展开更多
关键词 Precision valuation reservation Shorten waiting time Effect on outpatient service SATISFACTION OUTPATIENTS Medical staff
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Study on Applying Optimal Path to Land Valuation 被引量:1
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作者 WANG Wei DONG Fei SHI Lite CAO Fang 《Geo-Spatial Information Science》 2006年第1期49-54,共6页
As an important role in the urban land price system, the basic land price appraisal directs and refleets all kinds of land price in the real estate market. Using geographic information systems (GIS) with algo rithms... As an important role in the urban land price system, the basic land price appraisal directs and refleets all kinds of land price in the real estate market. Using geographic information systems (GIS) with algo rithms and powerful analysis functions to valuate land will improve the rationality and convenience of land valu- ation. The objective of the study on basic land price using the optimal path algorithm is to decrease the man made error, enhance automatization, avoid make inconvenience by roadblock object. 展开更多
关键词 GIS optimal path shortest path land price appraisal land valuation basic land price
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Real Option and Valuation of CNOOC Ltd 被引量:1
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作者 Hao Hong Zheng Shimin Wang Zhen 《Petroleum Science》 SCIE CAS CSCD 2005年第3期85-88,共4页
This paper introduces a real option approach to valuation of oil companies and uses the real option pricing model to value CNOOC Ltd. at the time of its IPO. The empirical result shows that the option pricing value of... This paper introduces a real option approach to valuation of oil companies and uses the real option pricing model to value CNOOC Ltd. at the time of its IPO. The empirical result shows that the option pricing value of CNOOC Ltd. exceeds its IPO price at about 21%. 展开更多
关键词 Real option valuation oil gas reserves CNOOC Ltd
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Wetland Economic Valuation Approaches and Prospects in China 被引量:3
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作者 JIANG Bo Christina P.WONG +1 位作者 CUI Lijuan OUYANG Zhiyun 《Chinese Geographical Science》 SCIE CSCD 2016年第2期143-154,共12页
Ecosystem services valuation seeks to increase the social relevance of ecosystem characteristics, the underlying biological mechanisms that support services, by making the contribution of ecosystems to human well-bein... Ecosystem services valuation seeks to increase the social relevance of ecosystem characteristics, the underlying biological mechanisms that support services, by making the contribution of ecosystems to human well-being explicit. Economic valuation can help management by clarifying the full range of benefits and costs of proposed management actions. In the past two decades, economic valuation of wetland ecosystem services has become one of the most significant scientific priorities for wetland protection. In this paper, we provide an overview of ecosystem services, and summarize the main interdisciplinary approaches to measure and value wetland ecosystem services. We identified four main methodological gaps preventing progress on wetland valuation of ecosystem services in China, which are: 1) confusion on terminology like intermediate and final ecosystem services, 2) lack of ecological production functions to link ecosystem characteristics to final ecosystem services, 3) static valuation making it difficult to evaluate the trade-offs and synergies among ecosystem services, and 4) lack of clear guidance on relating ecological compensation programs to conservation targets. Overcoming these gaps is important to inform wetland compensation mechanisms and conservation policies. We propose future research on wetland ecosystem services in China should be focused on: 1) defining final ecosystem services based on beneficiary preferences and underlying biophysical mechanisms, 2) establishing wetland monitoring programs at specific sites to collect data on final ecosystem service indicators and ecosystem characteristic metrics to create ecological production functions for economic valuation and rescaling techniques, and 3) incorporating wetland ecosystem service values into decision-making processes to inform wetland management. 展开更多
关键词 ecosystem services wetlands economic valuation methodological gaps China
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Combining Stated Preference and Revealed Preference Methods for the Valuation of Non-market Goods 被引量:1
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作者 Zhang Haipeng Xie Xuxuan 《Chinese Journal of Population,Resources and Environment》 2012年第4期121-126,共6页
In this paper,we introduce the combining stated preference and revealed preference methods which is the state-ofthe-art method for the valuation of non-market goods.Revealed preference methods and stated preference (S... In this paper,we introduce the combining stated preference and revealed preference methods which is the state-ofthe-art method for the valuation of non-market goods.Revealed preference methods and stated preference (SP) methods have both been applied by economists in valuing non-market goods;however both methods have inherent weaknesses.In order to exploit the strengths of the various approaches while minimizing their weaknesses,combining the two methods has become an important methodological option.Up to now,a growing number of literatures of studying combing the two types of data have evolved,and researchers developed three types of models to estimate combining revealed preference and stated preference data in academic fields:discrete choice model,continuous choice model and mixed choice model.Combining stated and revealed preference methods have been developed fast especially in the transport study field in which ideas could also be leant for environmental economic studies. 展开更多
关键词 stated preference revealed preference (RP) valuation of non-market goods
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