西学东渐——新译“Glasgow coma scale”

西方的科学研究成果大多来源于英语的语言文化环境,把西方的科学研究成果介绍到中国,必须重视英语的语言文化环境和汉语的语言文化环境的不同,这样才能使国人准确、方便地应用西方的科学研究成果,西学东渐。格拉斯哥昏迷评分(Glasgow coma scale)被翻译、介绍到国内已有数十年,但汉语版的"Glasgow coma scale"多种多样,容易造成初学者和使用者的迷惑。本文复习有关"Glasgow coma scale"的原始英式英文文献、美式英语英文文献和以往的几个主要的汉语翻译版。结合英式英语、美式英语和汉语的语言文化特点,新译了"Glasgow coma scale",以方便医护人员使用。

Glasgow coma scale and APACHE-II scores affect the liver transplantation outcomes in patients with acute liver failure

BACKGROUND:The timing and selection of patients for liver transplantation in acute liver failure are great challenges.This study aimed to investigate the effect of Glasgow coma scale(GCS)and APACHE-II scores on liver transplantation outcomes in patients with acute liver failure.METHOD:A total of 25 patients with acute liver failure were retrospectively analyzed according to age,etiology,time to transplantation,coma scores,complications and mortality.RESULTS:Eighteen patients received transplants from live donors and 7 had cadaveric whole liver transplants.The mean duration of follow-up after liver transplantation was 39.86±40.23 months.Seven patients died within the perioperative period and the 1-,3-,5-year survival rates of the patients were72%,72%and 60%,respectively.The parameters evaluated for the perioperative deaths versus alive were as follows:the mean age of the patients was 33.71 vs 28 years,MELD score was 40 vs32.66,GCS was 5.57 vs 10.16,APACHE-II score was 23 vs 18.11,serum sodium level was 138.57 vs 138.44 mmol/L,mean waiting time before the operation was 12 vs 5.16 days.Low GCS,high APACHE-II score and longer waiting time before the operation(P【0.01)were found as statistically significant factors for perioperative mortality.CONCLUSION:Lower GCS and higher APACHE-II scores are related to poor outcomes in patients with acute liver failure after liver transplantation.

Outcome of Surgically Treated Acute Traumatic Epidural Hematomas Based on the Glasgow Coma Scale

This study was a retrospective analysis of outcome of surgically treated acute traumatic epidural hematomas based on the Glasgow coma scale. The series enrolled forty-six consecutive cases of acute traumatic epidural hematomas. The mean age of patients was 29.56 years and 63.04% of the patients were between 21 and 30 years of age. Forty-tree out of 46 (93.47%) of the patients were males. Road traffic crash was the main mode of injury. The severity of the traumatic brain injury was classified according to the Glasgow coma scale score at admission. The injury was mild or moderate in 35 (76.08%) cases and severe in 11. Eight patients (17.39%) presented with pupillary abnormalities. The computed tomography scanning of the head has objectivized the epidural hematoma in all patients and has shown a mass effect with midline shift in all but one case (45/46). The most frequent surgical procedure done was craniotomy. Six (13.04%) patients died (GOS 1), but 38 (82.60%) recovered fully (GOS 5) and two (04.34%) were disabled but independent (GOS 4). The Glasgow coma score at admission was very predictive for good or poor outcome, since all patients but one who died and all survivors who were disabled were comatose at admission (GCS ≤ 8).

Neuroanatomical Basis of Glasgow Coma Scale—A Reappraisal

Glasgow coma scale is the most cited paper in neurosurgery. It has vast implications in the fields of neurology and neurosurgery. But lack of proper understanding in the neuro-anatomical basis of the score is the Achilles heel in proper utilization of the same. Herein we review the anatomical aspects behind each variable in the score. We also discuss common limitations of the score and highlight future directives to limit the same.

Glasgow Coma Scale, brain electric activity mapping and Glasgow Outcome Scale after hyperbaric oxygen treatment of severe brain injury

Objective: To study the effect of hyperbaric oxygen (HBO) treatment of severe brain injury. Methods: Fifty-five patients were divided into a treatment group (n=35 receiving HBO therapy) and a control group (n=20 receiving dehydrating, cortical steroid and antibiotic therapy) to observe the alteration of clinic GCS (Glasgow Coma Scale), brain electric activity mapping (BEAM), prognosis and GOS (Glasgow Outcome Scale) before and after hyperbaric oxygen treatment. Results: In the treatment group GCS,BEAM and GOS were improved obviously after 3 courses of treatment, GCS increased from 5.1 to 14.6 (P< 0.01- 0.001),the BEAM abnormal rate reduced from 94.3% to 38% (P< 0.01- 0.001),the GOS good-mild disability rate was 83.7%, and the middle-severe disability rate was 26.3% compared with the control group. There was a statistic significant difference between the two groups (P< 0.01- 0.001). Conclusions: Hyperbaric oxygen treatment could improve obviously GCS, BEAM and GOS of severe brain injury patients, and effectively reduce the mortality and morbidity. It is an effective method to treat severe brain injury.

Evaluation of neuro-intensive care unit performance in China： predicting outcomes of Simplified Acute Physiology Score II or Glasgow Coma Scale

Background Severity scoring systems are useful tools for measuring the severity of the disease and its outcome. This pilot study was to verify and compare the prognostic performance of the Simplified Acute Physiology Score II （SAPS II） and Glasgow Coma Scale （GCS） in neuro-intensive care unit （N-ICU） patients. Methods A total of 1684 patients consecutively admitted to the N-ICU at Xuanwu Hospital between January 1, 2005 and December 31, 2011 were enrolled in this study. The data-base included admission data, at 24-, 48-, and 72-hour SAPS II and GCS. Repeated measure data analysis of variance, Logistic regression analysis, the Hosmer-Lemeshow goodness-of-fit statistic, and the area under the receiver operating characteristic were used to evaluate the performance. Results There was a significant difference between the SAPS II or GCS score at four time points （F=16.110, P=0.000 or F=8.108, P=0.000）. The SAPS II scores or GCS score at four time points interacted with the outcomes with significant difference （F=116.771, P=0.000 or F=65.316, P=0.000）. Calibration of the SAPS II or GCS score at each time point on all patients was good. The percentage of a risk estimate prediction corresponding to observed mortality was also good. The 72-hour score have the greatest consistency. Discriminations of the SAPS II or GCS score at each time were all satisfactory. The 72-hour score had the greatest discriminative power. The cut-off value was 33 （sensitivity of 85.2% and specificity of 74.3%） and 6 （sensitivity of 70.6% and specificity of 65.0%）. The SAPS II at each time point on all patients showed better calibration, consistency and discrimination than GCS. The binary Logistic regression analysis identified physiological variables, GCS, age, and disease category as significant independent risk factors of death. After the two variables including underlying disease and type of admission were excluded, we built the simplified SAPS II model. A correlation was suggested between the simplified SAPS II score at each time point and outcome, regardless of the diagnosis. Conclusions The GCS scoring system tends to be a little weaker in the predictive power than the SAPS II scoring system in this Chinese cohort of N-ICU patients. The advantage of SAPS II scoring system still exists that it dose not need to take into account the diagnosis or diseases categories, even in the special N-ICU. The simplified SAPS II scoring system is considered a new idea for the estimation of effectiveness.

Analysis of incidence of traumatic brain injury in blunt trauma patients with Glasgow Coma Scale of 12 or less

Purpose： Early diagnosis of traumatic brain injury （TBI） is important for improving survival and neurologic outcome in trauma victims. The purpose of this study was to assess whether Glasgow Coma Scale （GCS） of 12 or less can predict the presence of TBl and the severity of associated injuries in blunt trauma patients. Methods： A retrospective cohort study including 303,435 blunt trauma patients who were transferred from the scene to hospital from 1998 to 2013. The data was obtained from the records of the National Trauma Registry maintained by Israel＇s National Center for Trauma and Emergency Medicine Research, in the Gertner Institute for Epidemiology and Health Policy Research. All blunt trauma patients with GCS 12 or less were included in this study. Data collected in the registry include age, gender, mechanism of injury, GCS, initial blood pressure, presence of TBI and incidence of associated injuries. Patients younger than 14 years old and trauma victims with GCS 13-15 were excluded from the study. Statistical analysis was performed by using Statistical Analysis Software Version 9.2. Statistical tests performed included Chi-square tests. A p-value less than 0.05 was considered statistically significant. Results： There were 303,435 blunt trauma patients, 8731 （2.9%） of them with GCS of 3-12 that including 6351 （72%） patients with GCS of 3-8 and 2380 （28%） patient with GCS of 9--12. In these 8731 patients with GCS of 3-12, 5372 （61.5%） patients had TBI. There were total 1404 unstable patients in all the blunt trauma patients with GCS of 3-12,1256 （89%） patients with GCS 3-8, 148 （11%） patients with GCS 9-12. In the 5095 stable blunt trauma patients with GCS 3-8, 32.4% of them had no TB1. The rate in the 2232 stable blunt trauma patients with GCS 9-12 was 50.1%. In the unstable patients with GCS 3-8, 60.5% of them had TBI, and in subgroup of patients with GCS 9-12, only 37.2% suffered from TBI. Conclusion： The utility of a GCS 12 and less is limited in prediction of brain injury in multiple trauma patients. Significant proportion of trauma victims with low GCS had no TBI and their impaired neurological status is related to severe extra-cranial injuries. The findings of this study showed that using of GCS in initial triage and decision making processes in blunt trauma patients needs to be re-evaluated.

Gender differences in adult traumatic brain injury according to the Glasgow coma scale:A multicenter descriptive study

Purpose:Patients’gender,which can be one of the most important determinants of traumatic brain injury(TBI)outcomes,is also likely to interact with many other outcome variables of TBI.This multicenter descriptive study investigated gender differences in epidemiological,clinical,treatment,mortality,and variable characteristics in adult TBI patients.Methods:The selection criteria were defined as patients who had been diagnosed with TBI and were admitted to the hospital between January 1,2016 and December 31,2018.A total of 4468 adult TBI patients were enrolled at eight University Hospitals.Based on the list of enrolled patients,the medical records of the patients were reviewed and they were registered online at each hospital.The registered patients were classified into three groups according to the Glasgow coma scale(GCS)score:mild(13-15),moderate(9-12),and severe(3-8),and the differences between men and women in each group were investigated.The risk factors of moderated and severe TBI compared to mild TBI were also investigated.Results:The study included 3075 men and 1393 women and the proportion of total males was 68.8%.Among all the TBI patients,there were significant differences between men and women in age,past history,and GCS score.While the mild and severe TBI groups showed significant differences in age,past history,and clinical symptoms,the moderate TBI group showed significant differences in age,past history,cause of justice,and diagnosis.Conclusion:To the best of our knowledge,this multicenter study is the first to focus on gender differences of adult patients with TBI in Korea.This study shows significant differences between men and women in many aspects of adult TBI.Therefore,gender differences should be strongly considered in TBI studies.

Cerebral state index versus Glasgow coma scale as a predictor for in-hospital mortality in brain-injured patients

Objective：To compare the value of Glasgow coma scale （GCS） and cerebral state index （CSI）on predicting hospital discharge status of acute braininjured patients.Methods：In 60 brain-injured patients who did not receive sedatives,GCS and CSI were measured daily during the first 10 days of hospitalization.The outcome of prognostic cut-off points was calculated by GCS and CSI using receiver operating characteristic （ROC） curve regarding the time of admission and third day of hospitalization.Sensitivity,specificity and other predictive values for both indices were calculated.Results：Of the 60 assessed patients,14 patients had mild,13 patients had moderate and 33 patients had severe injuries.During the course of the study,17 patients （28.3％） deteriorated in their situation and died.The mean GCS and CSI in patients who deceased during hospitalization was significantly lower than those who were discharged from the hospital.GCS＜4.5 and CSI＜64.5 at the time of admission was associated with higher mortality risk in traumatic brain injury patients and GCS was more sensitive than CSI to predict in-hospital death in these patients.For the first day of hospitalization,the area under ROC curve was 0.947 for GCS and 0.732 for CSI.Conclusion：GCS score at ICU admission is a good predictor of in-hospital mortality.GCS＜4.5 and CSI＜64.5 at the time of admission is associated with higher mortality risk in traumatic brain injury patients and GCS is more sensitive than CSI in predicting death in these patients.

Correlation between Glasgow Coma Scale with central venous pressure and near-infrared spectroscopy in patients with acquired brain injury in the intensive care unit of Adam Malik Hospital Medan

Background:Acquired brain injury(ABI)is caused by trauma or nontrauma to the brain after birth.Increased intracranial pressure in patients with traumatic or nontraumatic brain injury affects the cerebral perfusion pressure.After traumatic brain injury,there is an increase in air content in the brain and an increase in volume of blood flow to the brain,which can cause increased intracranial pressure,herniation of brain tissue,impaired cerebral perfusion,and brain damage.Most patients with traumatic brain injury die from uncontrolled increases in intracranial pressure.Near-infrared spectroscopy(NIRS)and central venous pressure(CVP)monitoring are also associated with cerebral perfusion.This study aimed to determine the relationship between the Glasgow Coma Scale(GCS)scores and CVP and NIRS values in patients with ABI.Methods:This prospective analytical study used a cross-sectional design to compareGCS scores with CVP and NIRS values in patients with traumatic and nontraumatic brain injury in the intensive care unit(ICU)of Haji Adam Malik Hospital Medan.GCS,CVP,and NIRS descriptive data in patients with brain injury were presented in terms of mean and standard deviation if the data were normally distributed,or median(interquartile range)values if the data were not normally distributed.The relationship between GCS scores and CVP and NIRS values was assessed using the Pearson correlation test if the data were normally distributed,or the Spearman test if the data were not normally distributed.Results:In this study,the mean GCS score and CVP values were 7.04±2.69 and 5.63±25.82 mmHg,respectively.The right tissue oxygen saturation(StO2)was 55.61%±18.72%,and the left StO2 was 57.57%±17.48%with normally distributed data.There was no correlation between GCS scores and CVP values(P=0.829),and no correlation between moderate GCS scores and right and left StO2(P=0.343;P=0.121);however,there was a significantly strong positive correlation between severe GCS scores and right and left StO2(P=0.028,r=0.656;P=0.005,r=0.777).Conclusion:There was no significant correlation between GCS scores and CVP values,and no correlation between moderate GCS scores and NIRS values;however,there was a significantly strong positive correlation between severe GCS scores and NIRS values in patients with ABI at the ICU of Haji Adam Malik Hospital Medan.

长程脑电图和Glasgow昏迷量表评分对重症脑功能损伤患者预后的预测价值

目的探讨长程EEG和Glasgow昏迷量表评分(GCS)对重症脑功能损伤患者预后的预测价值。方法对75例神经系统重症脑功能损伤患者行长程EEG监测和GCS评分,并随访90 d时患者的预后情况。分别计算长程EEG、GCS及长程EEG联合GCS对预后预测的灵敏度、特异度、准确度,并进行比较。结果长程EEG中重度异常患者的预后不良率显著高于轻度异常患者(χ~2=31.375,P<0.01)。GCS低评分患者的预后不良率显著高于高评分患者(χ~2=16.58,P<0.001)。长程EEG轻度异常且GCS评分高者预后不良率显著低于EEG中重度异常且GCS评分低者(χ~2=29.726,P<0.001)。长程EEG对患者预后预测的灵敏度、特异度和准确度均高于GCS评分。长程EEG联合GCS评分对患者预后预测的特异度和准确度与长程EEG相仿,而灵敏度显著升高。结论长程EEG和GCS对重症脑功能损伤患者的预后评估均有一定的预测价值,二者联合评估效果更好。

Glasgow昏迷量表在高血压性脑出血急救策略选择中的作用

目的探讨入院时Glasgow昏迷量表(GCS)评分对高血压性脑出血患者急救策略的影响。方法共286例高血压性脑出血患者中186例接受手术治疗,包括GCS评分5~8分94例、9~11分71例和12~14分21例,分别予血肿清除术联合去骨瓣减压术(63例,22.03%)、单纯血肿清除术(21例,7.34%)和血肿钻孔引流术或脑室外引流术(102例,35.66%);100例接受保守治疗,包括GCS评分5~8分25例、9~11分27例、12~14分25例和15分23例。随访3~6个月,采用Glasgow预后分级(GOS)评价疗效。结果 GCS评分5~8分组失访6例(5.04%),GOS分级1级14例(11.76%)、2级21例(17.65%)、3级39例(32.77%)、4级22例(18.49%)、5级17例(14.29%);GCS评分9~11分组失访2例(2.04%),GOS分级1级6例(6.12%)、2级2例(2.04%)、3级6例(6.12%)、4级48例(48.98%)、5级34例(34.69%);GCS评分12~14组GOS分级4级15例(32.61%)、5级31例(67.39%);GCS评分15分组GOS分级4级1例(4.35%)、5级22例(95.65%),组间差异具有统计学意义(χ~2=142.966,P=0.000)。结论高血压性脑出血患者入院时GCS评分与其预后呈正相关,GCS评分越高、GOS分级越高。

Glasgow评分在急性创伤患者低体温发生中的预测作用

目的:了解急性创伤患者低体温的发生情况,分析Glasgow评分(Glasgow Coma Scale,GCS)在低体温发生中的应用价值。方法:回顾性收集2014年3月至2018年12月在佛山市中医院治疗的急性创伤患者资料,应用SPSS 22.0软件对获取的数据进行统计分析。结果:共287例急性创伤患者,其中105例(36.6%)发生低体温;不同创伤程度患者的低体温发生率差异具有统计学意义(F=57.580,P<0.05);低体温患者的GCS评分和无低体温患者的GCS评分差异具有统计学意义(P<0.05);GCS评分与低体温的发生呈负相关,相关系数为−0.490(P<0.05);受试者工作特征曲线(receiver operating characteristics,ROC)分析显示,其曲线下面积为0.785(P<0.05),并且在截断值为7分时,敏感性系数为0.575,特异性系数为0.867,约登指数最大,为0.552。结论:GCS评分对急性创伤患者发生低体温具有中等以上的预测效能,临床医护人员可据此及早实施保暖措施,避免低体温造成的不良后果。

脑外伤患者血液酒精水平与Glasgow评分的关系

目的研究脑外伤患者血液酒精水平对Glasgow评分(GCS)的影响。方法 245例脑外伤患者根据血液酒精水平分为4组,分析各组GCS的差异及血液酒精水平与GCS的相关性。结果各组GCS差异无统计学意义,血液酒精水平与GCS无明显相关性。结论 GCS仍然可以作为饮酒的脑外伤患者昏迷程度的有效评价指标。

缺血性脑卒中患者院内合并肺部感染的影响因素分析

目的分析缺血性脑卒中患者院内合并肺部感染的影响因素。方法回顾性分析2020年3月至2022年2月期间在南通市第三人民医院治疗的214例缺血性脑卒中患者病历资料。根据《中国成人医院获得性肺炎与呼吸机相关性肺炎诊断和治疗指南》分组,未合并肺部感染患者作为对照组(n=104),合并肺部感染患者作为观察组(n=110)。对患者性别、年龄、发病至入院时间、合并基础疾病、鼻饲饮食、美国国立卫生研究院卒中量表(National Institute of Health stroke scale,NIHSS)评分、格拉斯哥昏迷量表(Glasgow Coma Scale,GCS)评分、气管插管、呼吸机辅助通气等临床资料进行调查,分析缺血性脑卒中患者合并肺部感染的危险因素。结果观察组男56例,女54例,年龄(73.59±8.21)岁;对照组男45例,女59例,年龄(65.32±5.62)岁。单因素分析结果显示,观察组患者年龄、鼻饲饮食、NIHSS评分、GCS评分、是否气管插管、是否呼吸机辅助通气与对照组比较差异有统计学意义(t=8.511、χ^(2)=11.622、t=5.721、t=4.282、χ^(2)=6.868、χ^(2)=6.145,P均<0.05)。多因素Logistic回归分析结果显示,鼻饲饮食(OR=5.447,95%CI:2.477~11.976)、NIHSS评分(OR=8.339,95%CI:2.598~26.768)、GCS评分(OR=7.660,95%CI:3.369~17.413)、气管插管(OR=6.184,95%CI:2.447~15.628)、呼吸机辅助通气(OR=4.302,95%CI:1.830~10.110)是缺血性脑卒中患者合并肺部感染的独立危险因素。结论鼻饲饮食、病情严重程度、意识障碍、气管插管及呼吸机辅助通气是导致缺血性脑卒中患者发生肺部感染的独立危险因素,因此在患者入院时应及时评估,有针对性地实施预防措施。

有创颅内压监测下控制性阶梯式减压在重型颅脑损伤中的应用

目的:探讨有创颅内压监测下控制性阶梯式减压法治疗重型颅脑损伤者的应用价值。方法:选取2022年7月—2023年7月肇庆市第一人民医院收治的82例重型颅脑外伤者作为研究对象,将其分为对照组和试验组,每组各41例。患者均未行手术治疗,且处于急性期。对照组常规监测生命体征变化情况,试验组行脑室型有创颅内压监测探头植入术。比较两组颅内压、并发症发生率(迟发血肿、术后脑梗塞)、死亡率、格拉斯哥昏迷评分法(Glasgow Coma Scale,GCS)评分及预后情况。结果:术后6 h、12 h、24 h,对照组颅内压指标高于试验组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。对照组术后并发症发生率高于试验组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。术后24 h、72 h、7 d,两组GCS评分比较,差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。术后3个月,对照组恢复良好率低于试验组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论:有创颅内压监测下控制性阶梯式减压疗法应用于重型颅脑损伤患者中效果理想,可改善患者颅内压指标,降低术后并发症发生率及死亡率,患者可更快恢复意识,改善预后。

炎性因子IL-8、PCT、IL-2R与严重细菌性颅内感染GCS评分的关系及预测预后的价值

目的分析严重细菌性颅内感染患者炎性因子白介素-8(IL-8)、降钙素原(PCT)、白介素-2受体(IL-2R)与格拉斯哥昏迷量表(GCS)评分的关系,并探讨其预测预后的价值。方法前瞻性选取2020年1月至2023年1月平顶山市第一人民医院收治的80例严重颅内感染患者作为研究对象,根据GCS评分分为轻中度组(9~14分)32例和重度组(≤8分)48例。比较两组患者的GCS评分和血清IL-8、PCT、IL-2R水平,采用Pearson相关系数分析血清IL-8、PCT、IL-2R水平与GCS评分的相关性,并以格拉斯哥预后量表(GOS)评估预后情况,比较预后良好、预后不良患者的临床资料和血清IL-8、PCT、IL-2R水平,通过Lasso回归筛选预后不良的预测因素,采用受试者工作特征(ROC)曲线分析血清IL-8、PCT、IL-2R预测预后不良的价值,并比较含与不含血清IL-8、PCT、IL-2R预测方案对预后不良的预测能力。结果重度组患者入院时血清IL-8、PCT、IL-2R水平分别为(35.12±4.26)pg/mL、(11.83±2.26)pg/mL、(912.35±105.83)U/m L,明显高于轻中度组的(26.74±3.81)pg/m L、(8.49±2.03)pg/m L、(749.21±92.56)U/m L,差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05);Pearson相关系数分析结果显示,严重细菌性颅内感染患者入院时的血清IL-8、PCT、IL-2R水平与GCS评分呈负相关(P<0.05);预后不良患者的年龄、机械通气占比、糖尿病占比、感染至入院时间、入院时血清IL-8、PCT、IL-2R水平分别为(65.13±7.26)岁、67.57%、27.03%、(38.05±4.17)h、(40.12±4.81)pg/m L、(12.67±2.59)pg/m L、(951.46±121.49)U/mL,明显高于预后良好患者的(56.39±6.41)岁、41.86%、9.30%、(26.92±3.46)h、(24.59±3.95)pg/mL、(8.61±2.24)pg/mL、(757.28±97.28)U/mL,入院时GCS评分为(6.72±0.39)分,明显低于预后良好患者的(10.81±0.82)分,差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05);经Lasso回归分析结果显示,年龄、感染至入院时间、GCS评分、血清IL-8、PCT、IL-2R水平均为预后不良的预测因素(P<0.05);经ROC分析结果显示,血清IL-8、PCT、IL-2R预测预后不良的曲线下面积(AUC)分别为0.729、0.717、0.719;含炎性因子预测方案的AUC为0.933,不含炎性因子预测方案的AUC为0.811;经DeLong检验结果显示,与不含炎性因子预测方案比较,含炎性因子预测方案的AUC明显增大(P<0.05),净重新分类指数(NRI)、综合判别改善指数(IDI)均>0(P<0.05)。结论严重细菌性颅内感染患者血清IL-8、PCT、IL-2R水平与GCS评分存在明显负相关,且与预后转归密切相关,可为临床预测预后提供参考。

分析高压氧联合神经外科手术治疗重型颅脑损伤的临床效果

目的 探讨高压氧联合神经外科手术治疗重型颅脑损伤的临床效果。方法 选取2020年2月—2022年11月青岛市黄岛区人民医院收治的66例重型颅脑损伤患者为研究对象,按照投掷硬币法分为参照组(33例,采用的治疗方法为神经外科手术)和研究组(33例,采用的治疗方法为参照组基础上的高压氧治疗)。比较两组患者的治疗总有效率、功能独立自主量表(Functional Indepence Measure,FIM)评分、Glasgow昏迷评分量表(Glasgow Coma Scale,GCS)评分、并发症(持续高热、上消化道出血、肺部感染、肾损伤)总发生率。结果研究组治疗总有效率(96.97%)高于参照组(75.76%),差异有统计学意义(χ^(2)=6.304,P<0.05)。治疗前,两组FIM评分、GCS评分比较,差异无统计学意义(P均>0.05);治疗后,研究组FIM评分、GCS评分均高于参照组,差异有统计学意义(P均<0.05)。两组并发症(持续高热、上消化道出血、肺部感染、肾损伤)总发生率比较,差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。结论 高压氧+神经外科手术治疗方法的有效应用,对于重型颅脑损伤患者疗效提升、昏迷状态改善以及生活自理能力提升方面,可以获得明显效果,可促进重型颅脑损伤患者的良好预后。

脑出血术后多重耐药感染风险的诺模图预测模型的构建与验证

目的探讨脑出血术后多重耐药感染的风险因素并构建诺模图预测模型。方法收集2020年7月—2023年7月本院收治的241例脑出血手术患者的临床资料,并分为感染组和非感染组。采用Logistic回归模型分析脑出血患者术后发生多重耐药感染的独立影响因素,并构建诺模图预测模型。采用一致性指数(C-index)、受试者工作特征(ROC)曲线及校准曲线评价诺模图的预测效能。结果本研究共纳入241例脑出血患者,术后发生多重耐药感染56例(23.24%)。感染组术前格拉斯哥昏迷量表(GCS)评分、术前呕吐、术前抗菌药物治疗、留置胃管、气管切开、气管插管比率高于非感染组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。Logistic回归分析显示,术前GCS评分≤8分、术前呕吐、术前抗菌药物治疗、留置胃管、气管切开、气管插管均是脑出血患者术后发生多重耐药感染的独立危险因素(OR>1,P<0.05);术前GCS评分、术前呕吐、术前抗菌药物治疗、气管切开、气管插管的曲线下面积(AUC)值均>0.700,说明上述指标对于脑出血患者术后发生多重耐药感染具有较好的预测价值。基于以上影响因素建立诺模图风险模型,校准曲线的C-index值为0.798,说明诺模图模型具备较好的区分度;ROC曲线中建模组和验证组的AUC值分别为0.798和0.722,说明诺模图模型具有良好的预测能效。结论基于脑出血患者术后发生多重耐药感染的独立危险因素构建的诺模图预测模型能较好地预测脑出血患者术后发生多重耐药感染的概率。

血清胆碱酯酶联合GCS评分对重型闭合性颅脑损伤预后的评估价值

目的探讨入院时血清胆碱酯酶(cholinesterase,ChE)联合格拉斯哥昏迷评分(Glasgow coma scale,GCS)对重型闭合性颅脑损伤病人28d院内预后的预测价值。方法回顾性分析87例重型闭合性颅脑损伤病例资料,根据28d院内的生存情况分为存活组(n=64)与死亡组(n=23)。比较两组病人基线资料、GCS评分、ChE以及急性生理学和慢性健康评估Ⅱ(acute physiology and chronic health evaluationⅡ,APACHEⅡ)评分。采用多因素Logistic回归,分析重型闭合性颅脑损伤病人28d院内预后的影响因素。绘制受试者工作特征曲线(receiver operating characteristic,ROC),确定最佳临界值,分析ChE联合GCS评分评估重型闭合性颅脑损伤病人28d院内预后的价值。结果存活组ChE水平、GCS评分及血红蛋白均显著高于死亡组,而血糖、D-二聚体、凝血酶原时间及APACHEⅡ评分显著低于死亡组(均P<0.05)。多因素Logistic回归分析显示:ChE、GCS评分及APACHEⅡ评分是重型闭合性颅脑损伤病人28d院内出现死亡的影响因素(均P<0.05)。ROC曲线分析显示:ChE联合GCS评分曲线下面积大于两者单独预测时的曲线下面积。结论入院时ChE、GCS评分均对重型闭合性颅脑损伤病人预后具有预测价值,两者联合价值更高。