Application of Molecular Biology Technology in Identification of Modern Mongolian Medicine

The application of molecular biology technology in the identification and quality control of Mongolian medicine is increasing gradually,and it provides a new method for identifying fake and inferior products and confused products of Mongolian medicine.In this paper,the application and prospect of molecular biology technology(such as DNA barcoding and PCR molecular identification technique)in the identification of crude Mongolian medicine were reviewed.

An Overview on Molecular Biology of Flax(Linum usitatissimum L.) in China

The advances in molecular biology research of flax （Linum usitatissimum L.）, including DNA extraction, gene cloning and transformation, molecular markers, molecular identity, genetic diversity analysis, construction of genetic linkage map etc. were summarized in this article. Meanwhile, some problems existing in flax breeding, cultivation and germplasm classification were pointed out, including less developed molecular markers, lack of target genes and usable markers, genetic linkage map covering less genome, less research on molecular biology and so on. Five constructive suggestions were finally proposed in this article to provide reference for molecular biology research and development of Chinese flax.

Research Status of Molecular Biology in Flax

Flax is a kind of worldwide fiber and oil crops, and it has a very important role in economic crop production in the world. With the development of molecular biology techniques, the research of flax molecular level has a very big breakthrough. But, flax molecular biology researches are less reported due to the later starting. This paper summarized the latest research progress of molecular biology of flax, including molecular marker technology, construction of genetic map, gene engineering and omits researches, in order to provide the reference to understand the development and research status for flax molecular breeding researchers.

Recent Advances in Classification and Molecular Biology of Bursaphelenchus Species

This paper mainly summarizes recent advances in the classification of Bursaphelenchus species, introduces several common methods of molecular biologi- cal detection and identification methods, and analyzes the advantages and disad- vantages of these methods.

Research Progress in Genetics and Molecular Biology of Curcuma L.

There are few studies on the genetic evolution of Curcuma L.,and it is easy to have synonyms or homonyms.In order to make better development and utilization of Curcuma L.,by consulting the relevant literature,the molecular biology and genetics of Curcuma L.were summarized,and discussed in this paper,in order to lay a foundation for the study of phylogeny and genetic evolution of Curcuma L.

STUDY ON MOLECULAR BIOLOGY OF SRS LEUKEMIA VIRUS ISOLATED IN CHINA AND INHIBITORY EFFECT OF ANTISENSE OLIGODEOXYNUCLEOTIDES

This paper reviews the significant study on SRS leukemia virus (SRSV) in recent years in China. A series of results about the proteins, nucleic acids and function, CDNA libraries, molecular cloning of SRSV, and inhibitory effect of antisense oligodeoxynucleotides on SRSV are reported. It has proved that SRSV is useful to study the vival etiology and pathogenesis of human leukemial.

Molecular Biology of Esophageal Cancer

There have been many new developments in our understanding of esophageal carcinoma biology over the past several years. Information regarding both of the major forms of this disease, adenocarcinoma and squamous cell carcinoma, has accumulated in conjunction with data on precursor conditions such as Barrett’s esophagus. Interesting and promising ?ndings have included overexpression of proto-oncogenes, loss of heterozygosity at multiple chromosomal loci, tumor suppressor gene inactivation, epigenetic silenc- ing by DNA methylation, and mutations and deletions involving the tumor suppressor gene p53. Important cancer pathways, the cyclin kinase inhibitor cascade and the DNA mismatch repair process, implicated in the genesis of multiple tumor types have also been inculpated in esophageal carcinogenesis. Alterations in the p16 and p15 cyclin kinase inhibitors including point mutations and homozygous deletions have been reported in primary esophageal tumors. Further developments in the ?eld of molecular carcinogen- esis of esophageal malignancies promise to yield improvements in prevention, early detection, prognostic categorization, and perhaps gene-based therapy of this deadly disease.

Personalized medicine:Clinical oncology on molecular view of treatment

Cancer,the second leading global cause of death,impacts both physically and emotionally.Conventional treatments such as surgeries,chemotherapy,and radiotherapy have adverse effects,driving the need for more precise approaches.Precision medicine enables more targeted treatments.Genetic mapping,alongside other molecular biology approaches,identifies specific genes,contributing to accurate prognoses.The review addresses,in clinical use,a molecular perspective on treatment.Biomarkers like alpha-fetoprotein,beta-human chorionic gonadotropin,5-hydroxyindoleacetic acid,programmed death-1,and cytotoxic T lymphocyte-associated protein 4 are explored,providing valuable information.Bioinformatics,with an emphasis on artificial intelligence,revolutionizes the analysis of biological data,offering more accurate diagnoses.Techniques like liquid biopsy are emphasized for early detection.Precision medicine guides therapeutic strategies based on the molecular characteristics of the tumor,as evidenced in the molecular subtypes of breast cancer.Classifications allow personalized treatments,highlighting the role of trastuzumab and endocrine therapies.Despite the benefits,challenges persist,including high costs,tumor heterogeneity,and ethical issues.Overcoming obstacles requires collaboration,ensuring that advances in molecular biology translate into accessible benefits for all.

The molecular biology in wound healing ＆ non-healing wound

The development of molecular biology and other new biotechnologies helps us to recognize the wound healing and non-healing wound of skin in the past 30 years. This review mainly focuses on the molecular biology of many cytokines （including growth factors） and other molecular factors such as extracellular matrix （ECM） on wound healing. The molecular biology in cell movement such as epidermal cells in wound healing was also discussed. Moreover many common chronic wounds such as pressure ulcers, leg ulcers, diabetic foot wounds, venous stasis ulcers, etc. usually deteriorate into non-healing wounds. Therefore the molecular biology such as advanced glycation end products （AGEs） and other molecular factors in diabetes non-healing wounds were also reviewed.

An update on the molecular biology of glioblastoma,with clinical implications and progress in its treatment

Glioblastoma multiforme(GBM)is the most aggressive and common malig-nant primary brain tumor.Patients with GBM often have poor prognoses,with a median survival of∼15 months.Enhanced understanding of the molecular biology of central nervous system tumors has led to modifications in their classifications,the most recent of which classified these tumors into new categories and made some changes in their nomenclature and grading system.This review aims to give a panoramic view of the last 3 years’findings in glioblastoma characterization,its heterogeneity,and current advances in its treatment.Several molecular parameters have been used to achieve an accurate and personalized characterization of glioblastoma in patients,including epigenetic,genetic,transcriptomic and metabolic features,as well as age-and sex-related patterns and the involvement of several noncoding RNAs in glioblastoma progression.Astrocyte-like neural stem cells and outer radial glial-like cells from the subven-tricular zone have been proposed as agents involved in GBM of IDH-wildtype origin,but this remains controversial.Glioblastoma metabolism is characterized by upregulation of the PI3K/Akt/mTOR signaling pathway,promotion of the gly-colytic flux,maintenance of lipid storage,and other features.This metabolism also contributes to glioblastoma’s resistance to conventional therapies.Tumor heterogeneity,a hallmark of GBM,has been shown to affect the genetic expresion,modulation of metabolic pathways,and immune system evasion.GBM’s aggressive invasion potential is modulated by cell-to-cell crosstalk within the tumor microenvironment and altered expressions of specific genes,such as ANXA2,GBP2,FN1,PHIP,and GLUT3.Nevertheless,the rising number of active clinical trials illustrates the efforts to identify new targets and drugs to treat this malignancy.Immunotherapy is still relevant for research purposes,given the amount of ongoing clinical trials based on this strategy to treat GBM,and neoantigen and nucleic acid-based vaccines are gaining importance due to their antitumoral activity by inducing the immune response.Furthermore,there are clinical trials focused on the PI3K/Akt/mTOR axis,angiogenesis,and tumor heterogeneity for developing molecular-targeted therapies against GBM.Other strategies,such as nanodelivery and computational models,may improve the drug pharmacokinetics and the prognosis of patients with GBM.

Rhizosphere Microbiota and Microbiome of Medicinal Plants: From Molecular Biology to Omics Approaches

The rhizosphere is a narrow region of soil that is directly influenced by roots and associated soil microorganisms. Research on rhizosphere microbes of various medicinal plants is essential for microbial ecology, applied microbiology and industrial biotechnology with regard to the sustainable utilization of Chinese medicinal resources. However, the inability of culturing most rhizosphere microorganisms （around 99%） in the laboratory obviates the research progress. In recent years, there is enormous advances in applying non-culturing techniques based on molecular biology and omics to the study of rhizosphere microbial diversity and plant-microbe interactions. DGGE, T-RFLP, ARDRA, DNA cloning and Sanger sequencing are still useful in the rhizosphere studies, while various omics tools, such as FISH, SIP, microarray, next generation sequencing （NGS）, etc., evolve quickly to provide more comprehensive understanding of the rhizosphere microbiota and microbiome. Flexible applications of NGS technologies are here exemplified, e.g., amplicon sequencing, metagenomic sequencing, whole genome sequencing, and transcriptome sequencing, which address the biology and biotechnology potentials of the rhizosphere microbiome of medicinal plants. This review discusses recent findings and future challenges in the study of rhizosphere microbes, highlighting medicinal plant rhizosphere study, evolution of research methods, and innovative combinations of novel high-throughput techniques. The top-down approaches such as metagenomics and bottom-up approaches targeting individual species or strains should be integrated and combined with modeling approaches to afford a wide-ranging understanding of the microbial community as a whole.

Current advances of biocontainment strategy in synthetic biology

Synthetic biotechnology has led to the widespread application of genetically modified organisms(GMOs)in biochemistry, bioenergy, and therapy. However, the uncontrolled spread of GMOs may lead to genetic contamination by horizontal gene transfer, resulting in unpredictable biosafety risks. To deal with these challenges, many effective methods have been developed for biocontainment. In this article, we summarize and discuss recent advances in biocontainment strategies from three aspects: DNA replication, transcriptional regulation, and protein translation. We also briefly introduce the efforts in the biocontainment convention, such as the recent publication of the Tianjin Biosecurity Guidelines for the Code of Conduct for Scientists.

Metabonomics and Molecular Biology-based Effects of Sugemule-3 in an Isoproterenol-induced Cardiovascular Disease Rat Model

Cardiovascular disease（CVD） is a common and serious disease in the elderly, which has characteristically high prevalence, disability, and mortality rates. However, the etiology of CVD is still not very clear. The traditional Mongolian medicine Sugemule-3（SM） is usually used for the treatment of CVD and exhibits a good curative effect. In this study, a sentm metabolite profile analysis was used to identify potential biomarkers associated with isoprote- renol（ISO）-induced CVD and investigate the mechanism of the action of SM. Ultra-perfornlance liquid chromato- graphy coupled with quadrupole time-of-flight mass spectrometry（UPLC-Q-TOF-MS） was used for the metabono- mics analysis. Principal component analysis（PCA） was used to process the acquired data to differentiate the results of the control, CVD, and SM treatment groups. Orthogonal partial least squares discriminant analysis（OPLS-DA） enabled the identification of 21 metabolites as potential biomarkers that were relevant to phospholipid and energy metabolism. The results indicate that SM played a protective role against ISO-induced CVD in rats by regulating phospholipid and energy metabolic pathways. Fttrther, we verified the apoptotic metabolic pathway using molecular biology methods, such as terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase（TdT） deoxyuridine 5＇-triphosphate（dUTP） nick-end labeling（TUNEL） assay and Western blot analysis. Furthermore, this study identified early biomarkers of CVD and elucidated the underlying mechanism of the therapeutic actions of SM, which is worth further to be investigated for development as a clinical therapy.

Computational Molecular Biology(CMB)

Computational Molecular Biology(ISSN 1927-5587)is an open access,peer reviewed journal published online by Bio Publisher.The Journal is publishing all the latest and outstanding research articles,letters,methods,and reviews in all areas of Computational Molecular Biology,covering new discoveries in molecular biology,from genes

Computational Molecular Biology(CMB)

Computational Molecular Biology(ISSN 1927-5587)is an open access,peer reviewed journal published online by Bio Publisher.The Journal is publishing all the latest and outstanding research articles,letters,methods,and reviews in all areas of Computational Molecular Biology,covering new discoveries in molecular biology,from genes

Computational Molecular Biology(CMB)

Computational Molecular Biology(ISSN 1927-5587)is an open access,peer reviewed journal published online by Bio Publisher.The Journal is publishing all the latest and outstanding research articles,letters,methods,and reviews in all areas of Computational Molecular Biology,covering new discoveries in molecular biology,

21st IUBMB and 12th FAOBMB International Congress of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology

August 2-7, 2009, Shanghai, ChinaThe 21st IUBMB and 12th FAOBMB International Congress of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology (2009-Congress)will take place in Shanghai on 2-7 August, 2009. The Chinese Society of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology will host this prestigious Congress.

Computational Molecular Biology(CMB)

Computational Molecular Biology(ISSN 1927-5587)is an open access,peer reviewed journal published online by Bio Publisher.The Journal is publishing all the latest and outstanding research articles,letters,methods,and reviews in all areas of Computational Molecular Biology,covering new discoveries in molecular biology,from genes to genomes,using statistical,mathematical,and computational methods as well as

Advancing Neuropsychiatric Care through Genetic and Molecular Insights

Neuropsychiatric diseases, including ADHD, schizophrenia, and bipolar disorder, are increasingly prevalent but poorly understood at the molecular level. The complexities of diagnosing and treating these disorders emphasize the need for objective, quantitative data to improve diagnostic accuracy and treatment efficacy. This study aims to explore the genetic underpinnings of neuropsychiatric diseases, contrasting them with well-characterized diseases like breast cancer, and discuss the role of specific genetic mutations and their implications for personalized treatment. The paper delves into the genetic and molecular insights of neuropsychiatric diseases, examining the role of specific genetic mutations and the potential for gene editing technologies like CRISPR. It contrasts the genetic underpinnings of neuropsychiatric diseases with well-characterized diseases like breast cancer, highlighting the potential for a shift towards molecular and genetic-based diagnostics and treatments. The study argues that a shift towards molecular and genetic-based diagnostics and treatments could revolutionize our approach to neuropsychiatric diseases, much like how biomarker tests have transformed breast cancer treatment. It concludes by advocating for a more personalized approach to healthcare, tailored to an individual’s unique genetic makeup, as the future of neuropsychiatric disease diagnosis and treatment.