Application of Molecular Biology Technology in Identification of Modern Mongolian Medicine

The application of molecular biology technology in the identification and quality control of Mongolian medicine is increasing gradually,and it provides a new method for identifying fake and inferior products and confused products of Mongolian medicine.In this paper,the application and prospect of molecular biology technology(such as DNA barcoding and PCR molecular identification technique)in the identification of crude Mongolian medicine were reviewed.

Research Status of Molecular Biology in Flax

Flax is a kind of worldwide fiber and oil crops, and it has a very important role in economic crop production in the world. With the development of molecular biology techniques, the research of flax molecular level has a very big breakthrough. But, flax molecular biology researches are less reported due to the later starting. This paper summarized the latest research progress of molecular biology of flax, including molecular marker technology, construction of genetic map, gene engineering and omits researches, in order to provide the reference to understand the development and research status for flax molecular breeding researchers.

STUDY ON MOLECULAR BIOLOGY OF SRS LEUKEMIA VIRUS ISOLATED IN CHINA AND INHIBITORY EFFECT OF ANTISENSE OLIGODEOXYNUCLEOTIDES

This paper reviews the significant study on SRS leukemia virus (SRSV) in recent years in China. A series of results about the proteins, nucleic acids and function, CDNA libraries, molecular cloning of SRSV, and inhibitory effect of antisense oligodeoxynucleotides on SRSV are reported. It has proved that SRSV is useful to study the vival etiology and pathogenesis of human leukemial.

Research Progress in Genetics and Molecular Biology of Curcuma L.

There are few studies on the genetic evolution of Curcuma L.,and it is easy to have synonyms or homonyms.In order to make better development and utilization of Curcuma L.,by consulting the relevant literature,the molecular biology and genetics of Curcuma L.were summarized,and discussed in this paper,in order to lay a foundation for the study of phylogeny and genetic evolution of Curcuma L.

An update on the molecular biology of glioblastoma,with clinical implications and progress in its treatment

Glioblastoma multiforme(GBM)is the most aggressive and common malig-nant primary brain tumor.Patients with GBM often have poor prognoses,with a median survival of∼15 months.Enhanced understanding of the molecular biology of central nervous system tumors has led to modifications in their classifications,the most recent of which classified these tumors into new categories and made some changes in their nomenclature and grading system.This review aims to give a panoramic view of the last 3 years’findings in glioblastoma characterization,its heterogeneity,and current advances in its treatment.Several molecular parameters have been used to achieve an accurate and personalized characterization of glioblastoma in patients,including epigenetic,genetic,transcriptomic and metabolic features,as well as age-and sex-related patterns and the involvement of several noncoding RNAs in glioblastoma progression.Astrocyte-like neural stem cells and outer radial glial-like cells from the subven-tricular zone have been proposed as agents involved in GBM of IDH-wildtype origin,but this remains controversial.Glioblastoma metabolism is characterized by upregulation of the PI3K/Akt/mTOR signaling pathway,promotion of the gly-colytic flux,maintenance of lipid storage,and other features.This metabolism also contributes to glioblastoma’s resistance to conventional therapies.Tumor heterogeneity,a hallmark of GBM,has been shown to affect the genetic expresion,modulation of metabolic pathways,and immune system evasion.GBM’s aggressive invasion potential is modulated by cell-to-cell crosstalk within the tumor microenvironment and altered expressions of specific genes,such as ANXA2,GBP2,FN1,PHIP,and GLUT3.Nevertheless,the rising number of active clinical trials illustrates the efforts to identify new targets and drugs to treat this malignancy.Immunotherapy is still relevant for research purposes,given the amount of ongoing clinical trials based on this strategy to treat GBM,and neoantigen and nucleic acid-based vaccines are gaining importance due to their antitumoral activity by inducing the immune response.Furthermore,there are clinical trials focused on the PI3K/Akt/mTOR axis,angiogenesis,and tumor heterogeneity for developing molecular-targeted therapies against GBM.Other strategies,such as nanodelivery and computational models,may improve the drug pharmacokinetics and the prognosis of patients with GBM.

Rhizosphere Microbiota and Microbiome of Medicinal Plants: From Molecular Biology to Omics Approaches

The rhizosphere is a narrow region of soil that is directly influenced by roots and associated soil microorganisms. Research on rhizosphere microbes of various medicinal plants is essential for microbial ecology, applied microbiology and industrial biotechnology with regard to the sustainable utilization of Chinese medicinal resources. However, the inability of culturing most rhizosphere microorganisms （around 99%） in the laboratory obviates the research progress. In recent years, there is enormous advances in applying non-culturing techniques based on molecular biology and omics to the study of rhizosphere microbial diversity and plant-microbe interactions. DGGE, T-RFLP, ARDRA, DNA cloning and Sanger sequencing are still useful in the rhizosphere studies, while various omics tools, such as FISH, SIP, microarray, next generation sequencing （NGS）, etc., evolve quickly to provide more comprehensive understanding of the rhizosphere microbiota and microbiome. Flexible applications of NGS technologies are here exemplified, e.g., amplicon sequencing, metagenomic sequencing, whole genome sequencing, and transcriptome sequencing, which address the biology and biotechnology potentials of the rhizosphere microbiome of medicinal plants. This review discusses recent findings and future challenges in the study of rhizosphere microbes, highlighting medicinal plant rhizosphere study, evolution of research methods, and innovative combinations of novel high-throughput techniques. The top-down approaches such as metagenomics and bottom-up approaches targeting individual species or strains should be integrated and combined with modeling approaches to afford a wide-ranging understanding of the microbial community as a whole.

Metabonomics and Molecular Biology-based Effects of Sugemule-3 in an Isoproterenol-induced Cardiovascular Disease Rat Model

Cardiovascular disease（CVD） is a common and serious disease in the elderly, which has characteristically high prevalence, disability, and mortality rates. However, the etiology of CVD is still not very clear. The traditional Mongolian medicine Sugemule-3（SM） is usually used for the treatment of CVD and exhibits a good curative effect. In this study, a sentm metabolite profile analysis was used to identify potential biomarkers associated with isoprote- renol（ISO）-induced CVD and investigate the mechanism of the action of SM. Ultra-perfornlance liquid chromato- graphy coupled with quadrupole time-of-flight mass spectrometry（UPLC-Q-TOF-MS） was used for the metabono- mics analysis. Principal component analysis（PCA） was used to process the acquired data to differentiate the results of the control, CVD, and SM treatment groups. Orthogonal partial least squares discriminant analysis（OPLS-DA） enabled the identification of 21 metabolites as potential biomarkers that were relevant to phospholipid and energy metabolism. The results indicate that SM played a protective role against ISO-induced CVD in rats by regulating phospholipid and energy metabolic pathways. Fttrther, we verified the apoptotic metabolic pathway using molecular biology methods, such as terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase（TdT） deoxyuridine 5＇-triphosphate（dUTP） nick-end labeling（TUNEL） assay and Western blot analysis. Furthermore, this study identified early biomarkers of CVD and elucidated the underlying mechanism of the therapeutic actions of SM, which is worth further to be investigated for development as a clinical therapy.

Computational Molecular Biology(CMB)

Computational Molecular Biology(ISSN 1927-5587)is an open access,peer reviewed journal published online by Bio Publisher.The Journal is publishing all the latest and outstanding research articles,letters,methods,and reviews in all areas of Computational Molecular Biology,covering new discoveries in molecular biology,from genes

Computational Molecular Biology(CMB)

Computational Molecular Biology(ISSN 1927-5587)is an open access,peer reviewed journal published online by Bio Publisher.The Journal is publishing all the latest and outstanding research articles,letters,methods,and reviews in all areas of Computational Molecular Biology,covering new discoveries in molecular biology,from genes

Computational Molecular Biology(CMB)

Computational Molecular Biology(ISSN 1927-5587)is an open access,peer reviewed journal published online by Bio Publisher.The Journal is publishing all the latest and outstanding research articles,letters,methods,and reviews in all areas of Computational Molecular Biology,covering new discoveries in molecular biology,

21st IUBMB and 12th FAOBMB International Congress of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology

August 2-7, 2009, Shanghai, ChinaThe 21st IUBMB and 12th FAOBMB International Congress of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology (2009-Congress)will take place in Shanghai on 2-7 August, 2009. The Chinese Society of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology will host this prestigious Congress.

Computational Molecular Biology(CMB)

Computational Molecular Biology(ISSN 1927-5587)is an open access,peer reviewed journal published online by Bio Publisher.The Journal is publishing all the latest and outstanding research articles,letters,methods,and reviews in all areas of Computational Molecular Biology,covering new discoveries in molecular biology,from genes to genomes,using statistical,mathematical,and computational methods as well as

Current advances of biocontainment strategy in synthetic biology

Synthetic biotechnology has led to the widespread application of genetically modified organisms(GMOs)in biochemistry, bioenergy, and therapy. However, the uncontrolled spread of GMOs may lead to genetic contamination by horizontal gene transfer, resulting in unpredictable biosafety risks. To deal with these challenges, many effective methods have been developed for biocontainment. In this article, we summarize and discuss recent advances in biocontainment strategies from three aspects: DNA replication, transcriptional regulation, and protein translation. We also briefly introduce the efforts in the biocontainment convention, such as the recent publication of the Tianjin Biosecurity Guidelines for the Code of Conduct for Scientists.

Advancing Neuropsychiatric Care through Genetic and Molecular Insights

Neuropsychiatric diseases, including ADHD, schizophrenia, and bipolar disorder, are increasingly prevalent but poorly understood at the molecular level. The complexities of diagnosing and treating these disorders emphasize the need for objective, quantitative data to improve diagnostic accuracy and treatment efficacy. This study aims to explore the genetic underpinnings of neuropsychiatric diseases, contrasting them with well-characterized diseases like breast cancer, and discuss the role of specific genetic mutations and their implications for personalized treatment. The paper delves into the genetic and molecular insights of neuropsychiatric diseases, examining the role of specific genetic mutations and the potential for gene editing technologies like CRISPR. It contrasts the genetic underpinnings of neuropsychiatric diseases with well-characterized diseases like breast cancer, highlighting the potential for a shift towards molecular and genetic-based diagnostics and treatments. The study argues that a shift towards molecular and genetic-based diagnostics and treatments could revolutionize our approach to neuropsychiatric diseases, much like how biomarker tests have transformed breast cancer treatment. It concludes by advocating for a more personalized approach to healthcare, tailored to an individual’s unique genetic makeup, as the future of neuropsychiatric disease diagnosis and treatment.

Novel milestones for early esophageal carcinoma:From bench to bed

Esophageal cancer(EC)is the seventh most common cancer worldwide,and esophageal squamous cell carcinoma(ESCC)accounts for the majority of cases of EC.To effectively diagnose and treat ESCC and improve patient prognosis,timely diagnosis in the initial phase of the illness is necessary.This article offers a detailed summary of the latest advancements and emerging technologies in the timely identification of ECs.Molecular biology and epigenetics approaches involve the use of molecular mechanisms combined with fluorescence quanti-tative polymerase chain reaction(qPCR),high-throughput sequencing technology(next-generation sequencing),and digital PCR technology to study endogenous or exogenous biomolecular changes in the human body and provide a decision-making basis for the diagnosis,treatment,and prognosis of diseases.The invest-igation of the microbiome is a swiftly progressing area in human cancer research,and microorganisms with complex functions are potential components of the tumor microenvironment.The intratumoral microbiota was also found to be connected to tumor progression.The application of endoscopy as a crucial technique for the early identification of ESCC has been essential,and with ongoing advancements in technology,endoscopy has continuously improved.With the advancement of artificial intelligence(AI)technology,the utilization of AI in the detection of gastrointestinal tumors has become increasingly prevalent.The implementation of AI can effectively resolve the discrepancies among observers,improve the detection rate,assist in predicting the depth of invasion and differentiation status,guide the pericancerous margins,and aid in a more accurate diagnosis of ESCC.

The Limbal Niche and Its Role in Maintaining Corneal Regeneration

In recent years, stem cells have been a focal point in research designed to evaluate the efficacy of ophthalmologic therapies, specifically those for corneal conditions. The corneal epithelium is one of the few regions of the body that maintains itself using a residual stem cell population within the adjacent limbus. Stem cell movement has additionally captivated the minds of researchers due to its potential application in different body regions. The cornea is a viable model for varying methods to track stem cell migratory patterns, such as lineage tracing and live imaging from the limbus. These developments have the potential to pave the way for future therapies designed to ensure the continuous regeneration of the corneal epithelium following injury via the limbal stem cell niche. This literature review aims to analyze the various methods of imaging used to understand the limbal stem cell niche and possible future directions that might be useful to consider for the better treatment and prevention of disorders of the cornea and corneal epithelium. .

Molecular Tissue Engineering:Concepts,Status and Challenge

Tissue engineering has confronted many difficulties mainly as follows:1)How to modulate the adherence,proliferation,and oriented differentiation of seed cells, especially that of stemcells. 2) Massive preparation and sustained controllable delivery of tissue inducing factors or plasmid DNA, such as growth factors, angiogenesis stimulators,and so on. 3) Development of 'intelligent biomimetic materials' as extracellular matrix with a good superficial and structural compatibility as well as biological activity to stimulate predictable, controllable and desirable responses under defined conditions.Molecular biology is currently one of the most exciting fields of research across life sciences,and the advances in it also bring a bright future for tissue engineering to overcome these difficulties.In recent years,tissue engineering benefits a lot from molecular biology.Only a comprehensive understanding of the involved ingredients of tissue engineering (cells,tissue inducing factors,genes,biomaterials) and the subtle relationships between them at molecular level can lead to a successful manipulation of reparative processes and a better biological substitute.Molecular tissue engineering,the offspring of the tissue engineering and molecular biology,has gained an increasing importance in recent years.It offers the promise of not simply replacing tissue,but improving the restoration.The studies presented in this article put forward this new concept for the first time and provide an insight into the basic principles,status and challenges of this emerging technology.

Network pharmacology-based elucidation of molecular biological mechanisms of Kanglaite injection for treatment of non-small cell lung cancer

Objective: To investigate the effective compounds, potential targets and molecular mechanism of Kanglaite injection (KLTi) in the treatment of Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer (NSCLC) based on network pharmacology. Methods: The active compounds and targets of KLTi which extracted and isolated from Coix Seed were screened by Traditional Chinese Medicine Systems Pharmacology Database and Analysis Platform (TCMSP). The related genes of NSCLC were obtained by searching the Human Gene Database (GeneCards) and Online Mendelian Inheritance in Man (OMIM). The candidate targets of KLTi in the treatment of NSCLC were obtained after extracting the intersection network. The "drug-component-target-disease" network was constructed with the help of Cytoscape 3.7.2. The Protein- Protein Interaction networks were constructed on the STRING platform and core network modules were screened. The Gene Ontology (GO) and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) enrichment analysis of candidate genes were performed using Metascape platform, and a "pathway-target- compounds" network was constructed to further screen key genes and active compounds. Results: A total of 11 compounds, 22 candidate targets, 206 GO functions and 12 KEGG pathways were obtained. Conclusion: The active compounds of KLTi in the treatment of NSCLC are stigmasterol, stigmasterol α1 and ergosterol. The key targets are PGR, NCOA2, PTGS2, NR3C2, and PTGS1. The core GO functions included receptor activity and binding, neuronal signal transmission and hormone stimulation;KEGG mainly involves cancer pathways, neuroactive ligand-receptor interactions and calcium signaling pathways. This study reveals the molecular biological mechanism of KLTi in the treatment of NSCLC, which is speculated to be related to neuroendocrine, providing a new basis and therapeutic direction for subsequent clinical application and experimental research.

Molecular and serology methods in the diagnosis of COVID-19: An overview

Coronavirus disease-19(COVID-19)has become a pandemic,being a global health concern since December 2019 when the first cases were reported.Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2,the COVID-19 causal agent,is aβ-coronavirus that has on its surface the spike protein,which helps in its virulence and pathogenicity towards the host.Thus,effective and applicable diagnostic methods to this disease come as an important tool for the management of the patients.The use of the molecular technique PCR,which allows the detection of the viral RNA through nasopharyngeal swabs,is considered the gold standard test for the diagnosis of COVID-19.Moreover,serological methods,such as enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays and rapid tests,are able to detect severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2-specific immunoglobulin A,immunoglobulin M,and immunoglobulin G in positive patients,being important alternative techniques for the diagnostic establishment and epidemiological surveillance.On the other hand,reverse transcription loop-mediated isothermal amplification also proved to be a useful diagnostic method for the infection,mainly because it does not require a sophisticated laboratory apparatus and has similar specificity and sensitivity to PCR.Complementarily,imaging exams provide findings of typical pneumonia,such as the ground-glass opacity radiological pattern on chest computed tomography scanning,which along with laboratory tests assist in the diagnosis of COVID-19.