Phlomis purpurea L.grows spontaneously in dry and stony habitats from the south of Iberian Peninsula and in cork oak(Quercus suber L.)and holm oak(Q.ilex ssp.rotundifolia,Lam.)plantations infested with Phytophthora ci...Phlomis purpurea L.grows spontaneously in dry and stony habitats from the south of Iberian Peninsula and in cork oak(Quercus suber L.)and holm oak(Q.ilex ssp.rotundifolia,Lam.)plantations infested with Phytophthora cinnamomi(Rands).The aim of this study is to understand the genetic basis of P.purpurea innate immunity to this pathogen.The transcriptome analysis of P.purpurea upon challenging with P.cinnamomi revealed a set of up-regulated genes,related to signaling,transcription factors and response to stress.Transcripts involved in the synthesis of a number of proteins,namely:ANKYRIN,AP2,AQUAPORIN,ARMADILLO,At1G69870-LIKE,BHLH,BON1,CALMODULIN,CALNEXIN,CALRETICULINE,CC-NBS-LRR,CHAPERONE,CYTOCHROME,DUF,GH3,GMP,G-TYPE,LIPOXYGENASE,MLO-LIKE,MYB,NAC,NBS-LRR,PENTATRICOPEPTIDE,SUBTILISIN,WAK,bZIP and hormones such as BRASSINOSTEROID,JASMONATE,SALICYLATE,ETHYLENE-RESPONSIVE were identified.P.purpurea ability to cope with P.cinnamomi attack is based on the expression of a set of transcription factors and signaling molecules targeted by the pathogen.The information gathered contributes to the elucidation of the overall response of P.purpurea to P.cinnamomi attempted infection which can be helpful for improving woody species resistance to pathogenic oomycetes.展开更多
At least 20-40% of annual losses of avocado crops are caused by pathogenic fungi.The chemical treatments of these diseases are inefficient,cause environmental pollution and are increasingly restricted by international...At least 20-40% of annual losses of avocado crops are caused by pathogenic fungi.The chemical treatments of these diseases are inefficient,cause environmental pollution and are increasingly restricted by international laws.This work aimed to assess the biocontrol capacity of a bacterial extract to protect avocado fruits and plants from pathogen infections.Extracts from the bacterial isolate Serratia sp.ARP5.1 were obtained from liquid fermentations in a biorreactor.A body rot postharvest infection model with Colletotrichum gloeosporioides on fruits was developed.Moreover,packaging conditions were simulated using the bacterial extract and the commercial fungicide prochloraz as a positive control.Additionally,seedlings infections with Phytophthora cinnamomi were performed on two types of avocado(West Indian race and cv.Hass).The Area Under Disease Progress Curve(AUDPC) was recorded using the bacterial extract and a commercial product with fosetyl-aluminium as treatments.The bacterial extract significantly reduced infections by C.gloeosporioides on injured avocado fruits at 31.1 μg mL^-1.Intact fruits were also protected against body rot infections at the same concentration and showed no significant differences with the commercial fungicide.On the other hand,AUDPC in the seedlings was significantly reduced with the extract treatment at 3 μg mL^-1 compared to the control.However,a possible phytotoxicity effect of the extract was evidenced in the seedlings and confirmed by pathogen recovery and tests on Raphanus sativus seedlings.Finally,formulations of the extracts(emulsion and emulsifiable concentrate) were prepared,and bioactive stability was assessed for 8 wk.The emulsion formulates demonstrated very stable bioactivity against P.cinnamomi.The extract and the emulsion formulate showed promising results for the control of avocado pathogens.New bioproducts based on this type of active principles could be developed for the benefit of avocado industry.展开更多
文摘Phlomis purpurea L.grows spontaneously in dry and stony habitats from the south of Iberian Peninsula and in cork oak(Quercus suber L.)and holm oak(Q.ilex ssp.rotundifolia,Lam.)plantations infested with Phytophthora cinnamomi(Rands).The aim of this study is to understand the genetic basis of P.purpurea innate immunity to this pathogen.The transcriptome analysis of P.purpurea upon challenging with P.cinnamomi revealed a set of up-regulated genes,related to signaling,transcription factors and response to stress.Transcripts involved in the synthesis of a number of proteins,namely:ANKYRIN,AP2,AQUAPORIN,ARMADILLO,At1G69870-LIKE,BHLH,BON1,CALMODULIN,CALNEXIN,CALRETICULINE,CC-NBS-LRR,CHAPERONE,CYTOCHROME,DUF,GH3,GMP,G-TYPE,LIPOXYGENASE,MLO-LIKE,MYB,NAC,NBS-LRR,PENTATRICOPEPTIDE,SUBTILISIN,WAK,bZIP and hormones such as BRASSINOSTEROID,JASMONATE,SALICYLATE,ETHYLENE-RESPONSIVE were identified.P.purpurea ability to cope with P.cinnamomi attack is based on the expression of a set of transcription factors and signaling molecules targeted by the pathogen.The information gathered contributes to the elucidation of the overall response of P.purpurea to P.cinnamomi attempted infection which can be helpful for improving woody species resistance to pathogenic oomycetes.
基金the Faculty of Health Sciences from the Institution University Colegio Mayor de Antioquia and the General System of Royalties from Antioquia,Colombia,for funding this projectthe National University of Colombia and the Doctoral Fellowship Program(567)from Colciencias
文摘At least 20-40% of annual losses of avocado crops are caused by pathogenic fungi.The chemical treatments of these diseases are inefficient,cause environmental pollution and are increasingly restricted by international laws.This work aimed to assess the biocontrol capacity of a bacterial extract to protect avocado fruits and plants from pathogen infections.Extracts from the bacterial isolate Serratia sp.ARP5.1 were obtained from liquid fermentations in a biorreactor.A body rot postharvest infection model with Colletotrichum gloeosporioides on fruits was developed.Moreover,packaging conditions were simulated using the bacterial extract and the commercial fungicide prochloraz as a positive control.Additionally,seedlings infections with Phytophthora cinnamomi were performed on two types of avocado(West Indian race and cv.Hass).The Area Under Disease Progress Curve(AUDPC) was recorded using the bacterial extract and a commercial product with fosetyl-aluminium as treatments.The bacterial extract significantly reduced infections by C.gloeosporioides on injured avocado fruits at 31.1 μg mL^-1.Intact fruits were also protected against body rot infections at the same concentration and showed no significant differences with the commercial fungicide.On the other hand,AUDPC in the seedlings was significantly reduced with the extract treatment at 3 μg mL^-1 compared to the control.However,a possible phytotoxicity effect of the extract was evidenced in the seedlings and confirmed by pathogen recovery and tests on Raphanus sativus seedlings.Finally,formulations of the extracts(emulsion and emulsifiable concentrate) were prepared,and bioactive stability was assessed for 8 wk.The emulsion formulates demonstrated very stable bioactivity against P.cinnamomi.The extract and the emulsion formulate showed promising results for the control of avocado pathogens.New bioproducts based on this type of active principles could be developed for the benefit of avocado industry.
文摘[背景]近年来,随着猕猴桃种植面积的不断扩大,病害的频繁发生已逐渐影响猕猴桃的产量和品质。恶疫霉(Phytophthora cactorum)、樟疫霉(P.cinnamomi)和雪松疫霉(P.lateralis)是一类可以引起猕猴桃根腐病的致病疫霉菌。[目的]建立并优化可以同时检测3种致病疫霉的多重实时定量检测技术,并调查猕猴桃主要产区的致病菌分布情况。[方法]基于Ypt1 (ras-related protein gene)基因设计恶疫霉、樟疫霉和雪松疫霉的特异性TaqMan探针和引物,建立并优化多重实时荧光定量PCR检测体系。利用近缘种检验检测体系特异性并进行灵敏度测试,应用该检测体系分析猕猴桃主要产区根际土壤中3种致病疫霉的Yt1基因含量。[结果]供测试的11个恶疫霉近缘种、11个樟疫霉近缘种、13个雪松疫霉近缘种及非目标菌种DNA样品中均无荧光信号,反应结果为阴性,而在恶疫霉、樟疫霉和雪松疫霉DNA样品中分别检测出HEX、FAM和ROX荧光信号,反应结果为阳性。三种疫霉的检测灵敏度均达到100fg。此外,通过对猕猴桃主产区陕西省周至县和眉县果园共166份土壤样品的检测发现,恶疫霉的分布最广泛且Ypt1基因含量最高,樟疫霉和雪松疫霉则相对较少。[结论]建立的猕猴桃根腐病致病疫霉多重实时定量检测体系特异性强、灵敏度高,适合于恶疫霉、樟疫霉和雪松疫霉的检测及定量分析。该技术可为猕猴桃疫霉病害的早期诊断、监测及预防提供指导。
