Attribute reduction is a research hotspot in rough set theory. Traditional heuristic attribute reduction methods add the most important attribute to the decision attribute set each time, resulting in multiple redundan...Attribute reduction is a research hotspot in rough set theory. Traditional heuristic attribute reduction methods add the most important attribute to the decision attribute set each time, resulting in multiple redundant attribute calculations, high time consumption, and low reduction efficiency. In this paper, based on the idea of sequential three-branch decision classification domain, attributes are treated as objects of three-branch division, and attributes are divided into core attributes, relatively necessary attributes, and unnecessary attributes using attribute importance and thresholds. Core attributes are added to the decision attribute set, unnecessary attributes are rejected from being added, and relatively necessary attributes are repeatedly divided until the reduction result is obtained. Experiments were conducted on 8 groups of UCI datasets, and the results show that, compared to traditional reduction methods, the method proposed in this paper can effectively reduce time consumption while ensuring classification performance.展开更多
Eighteen sex hormones in antler velvet were determined by high performance liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry.The solid phase extraction was applied to eliminating the matrix effect.The experimental condit...Eighteen sex hormones in antler velvet were determined by high performance liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry.The solid phase extraction was applied to eliminating the matrix effect.The experimental conditions were examined and optimized.Under the optimal conditions,the proposed method provides the good linearities and determination limits(0.2―1.0 μg/kg) of the analytes investigated.The recoveries ranging from 72.3% to 149.5% were obtained for the target analytes at two concentration levels.This method was applied to the determination of eighteen sex hormones in different kinds of antler velvet samples and the obtained results are satisfactory.The results indicate that the proposed method is suitable for the determination of sex hormones in antler velvet samples.展开更多
Supercritical CO2 (SC-CO2) extraction technology and ultrasonic technology were used to extract two active sex hormones, estradiol and progesterone, and insulin-like growth factor-1 (IGF-1) from antler velvet. The eff...Supercritical CO2 (SC-CO2) extraction technology and ultrasonic technology were used to extract two active sex hormones, estradiol and progesterone, and insulin-like growth factor-1 (IGF-1) from antler velvet. The effects of SC-CO2 extraction condition on the extraction yield and content of sex hormones, the ultrasonic extrac-tion condition on the content of IGF-1 and the SC-CO2 extraction condition on the activity remaining of IGF-1 were studied. The optimal conditions were obtained. The experimental results showed that, in presence of 75% ethanol as the co-solvent, the mean yield and content of estradiol and progesterone were 87.67 pg·g-1 and 1224.10 pg·g-1, 12.38 ng·g-1 and 354.06 ng·g-1, respectively, with extraction pressure of 30 MPa, temperature of 35°C, extraction time of 30 min and CO2 consumption of 15 L·g-1 at the flow rate of 2.0 L·min-1. The highest content of IGF-1 was 7425.75 ng·g-1 antler velvet residue, when the pH10 ammonia-ammonium chloride buffer solution was used as the solvent, the ratio of solvent to sample was 20/1 (volume/mass), the extraction temperature was 0-35°C, and the ex-traction time was 4×15 min. Under these conditions, 93.68% activity remaining of IGF-1 in the residue was ob-tained, while little IGF-1 activity exists in traditional residue. The experimental results indicate that the technology of SC-CO2 with co-solvent is of advantage for getting high content sexual hormones and keeping high activity of IGF-1 in the residue, which can not be achieved by traditional extraction methods.展开更多
The hydrolysis of velvet bean (Mucuna pruriens) protein in the presence of Alcalase?-Flavourzyme? and Pepsin-Pancreatin was investigated. The results showed that Alcalase?-Flavourzyme? (29.08%) sequential system catal...The hydrolysis of velvet bean (Mucuna pruriens) protein in the presence of Alcalase?-Flavourzyme? and Pepsin-Pancreatin was investigated. The results showed that Alcalase?-Flavourzyme? (29.08%) sequential system catalyzed the hydrolysis most efficiently that Pepsin-Pancreatin (24.78%). In addition, the higher ACE-I inhibitory activity was achieved with the sequential system Alcalase?-Flavourzyme? (33.13%). Furthermore, the concentration of peptides employing an ultrafiltration (UF) system or their purification by gel filtration chromatography showed that the oligomeric peptides with lower molecular weight registered the highest ACE-I inhibitory activity. It has been demonstrated that Mucuna pruriens protein hydrolysates could serve as a source of peptides with ACE inhibitory activity and this activity can be attributed mainly to the mixture of short peptides in the hydrolysate.展开更多
OBJECTIVE To explore the therapeutic effects and underlying mechanisms of velvet antler polypeptides(VVAPs)in CCl4-induced experimental hepatic fibrosis in rats.METHODS Anti-hepatic fibrosis properties of VAPs were te...OBJECTIVE To explore the therapeutic effects and underlying mechanisms of velvet antler polypeptides(VVAPs)in CCl4-induced experimental hepatic fibrosis in rats.METHODS Anti-hepatic fibrosis properties of VAPs were tested by Subcutaneous injection(SC)into male Wistar rats of CCl4- induced experimental hepatic fibrosis.After SC injections for 45 consecutive days at doses of 5mg·kg-1(low dose,VAPsL),10mg·kg-1(mid-dose,VAPsM)and 20mg·kg-1(high-dose,VAPsH),the rats were sacrificed and the various indicators were evaluated and tested.Observed hepatic cells degeneration and necrosis,inflammatory infiltration and levels of serum enzymes to assess treatment of VAPs;The expression levels of superoxide dismutase(SOD),glutathione peroxidase(GSH-Px),MDA,and hydroxyproline(HYP)in liver tissue were analyzed;RT-PCR analysis was carried out to detect the expression levels of matrix metalloproteinases2(MMP-2)and tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinases 1(TIMP-1)in liver tissue.RESULTS VAPs has obvious anti-hepatic fibrosis effects.Hepatocyte swelling,fatty degeneration was significantly reduced,reducing infiltration of inflammatory cells.Release of alanine aminotransferase(ALT)and aspartate aminotransferase(AST)decreased significantly,reduction of hyaluronic acid(HA)and laminin(LN)obviously,at the same time,the content of total protein and albumin increased significantly in serum.Activity of SOD and GSH-Px was significantly raised and the content of MDA and HYP was reduced significantly in liver tissue.Expression levels of MMP-2and TIMP-1 mRNA in liver were decreased significantly.These improvements were more significant in high-dos and mid-dose groups(P<0.05 or P<0.01 vs model group).CONCLUSION These findings suggest VAPs can significant treat the hepatic fibrosis,which may be due to protect liver cells and improve liver functions by hydroxyl radical scavenging activity and great effect of antioxidation,and decrease the gene expression of MMP-2,improving exist-environment of liver cells and decreasing the gene expression of TIMP-1,prompting degradation of extracellular matrix.展开更多
The velvet electron emission characteristics and beams' brightness are investigated with a multi-pulsed mode. The results indicate that in the multi-pulsed mode the velvet emission is not uniform and the periphery em...The velvet electron emission characteristics and beams' brightness are investigated with a multi-pulsed mode. The results indicate that in the multi-pulsed mode the velvet emission is not uniform and the periphery emission is much stronger than that from the centre. The periphery emission contributes much more to the formation of the cathode plasma than the centre emission, which leads to diode impendence breakdown. The relationship between the cathode plasma expansion and the initial emittance of the cathode is deduced to describe the characteristics of the multi-pulsed vacuum diode. The emittance of the multi-pulsed beams is measured to be less than 1000mm·mrad. The brightness of the electron beams is better than 1× 10^8A/(m·rad)2.展开更多
<span style="font-family:Verdana;">Globally dental diseases are mainly caused by</span><i><span style="font-family:Verdana;"> Streptococcus mutans</span></i><...<span style="font-family:Verdana;">Globally dental diseases are mainly caused by</span><i><span style="font-family:Verdana;"> Streptococcus mutans</span></i><span style="font-family:""><span style="font-family:Verdana;">, it is one of the leading causative agents of dental caries worldwide, because of its resistance to </span><span><span style="font-family:Verdana;">conventional antibacterial agents, alternative therapies are used to control resistance of oral pathogens. This research was done to determine the antibacterial activities of </span><i><span style="font-family:Verdana;">Psidium guajava</span></i><span style="font-family:Verdana;"> (guava) and </span><i><span style="font-family:Verdana;">Velvet tamarin</span></i><span style="font-family:Verdana;"> (Icheku) chewing sticks on </span><i><span style="font-family:Verdana;">Streptococcus mutans</span></i><span style="font-family:Verdana;"> isolated from the oral cavity. The study was conducted in Owerri Imo State Nigeria during November-December</span></span><span style="font-family:Verdana;"> period. Phytochemical analysis of the plant extracts was done using appropriate techniques. The procedure used for antimicrobial susceptibility test was disk diffusion method. Serial dilutions of</span><i><span style="font-family:Verdana;"> Psidium guajava</span></i><span style="font-family:Verdana;"> (guava) and </span><i><span style="font-family:Verdana;">Velvet tamarind</span></i><span style="font-family:Verdana;"> (Icheku) extracts were prepared, Muller-Hinton media was used to put together the extract of serial dilutions of </span><i><span style="font-family:Verdana;">Psidium guajava</span></i><span style="font-family:Verdana;"> (guava) and </span><i><span style="font-family:Verdana;">Velvet tamarin</span></i><span style="font-family:Verdana;"> (Icheku) and </span></span><span style="font-family:Verdana;">a </span><span style="font-family:Verdana;">microbiological procedure w</span><span style="font-family:Verdana;">ere</span><span style="font-family:Verdana;"> used for visually determining the minimum inhibitory concentration as well as minimum bactericidal concentration. Phytochemical evaluation of the plants</span><span style="font-family:Verdana;">’</span><span style="font-family:""><span style="font-family:Verdana;"> extracts revealed that it contains saponins, tannins, alkaloid, steriods, glycosides and phenol. The results obtained from the antibacterial susceptibility testing of the extracts against </span><i><span style="font-family:Verdana;">Streptococcus mutans</span></i><span style="font-family:Verdana;"> showed that the zones of inhibition recorded ranged from 18</span></span><span style="font-family:""> </span><span style="font-family:Verdana;">mm to 27</span><span style="font-family:""> </span><span style="font-family:""><span style="font-family:Verdana;">mm. Ethanol (Soxhlet) extract of I</span><span style="font-family:Verdana;">cheku twig showed no zone of inhibition on the isolated organism. The</span><span style="font-family:Verdana;"> ethanol (soxhlet) extract of the individual </span><i><span style="font-family:Verdana;">Psidium guajava</span></i><span style="font-family:Verdana;"> (guava) and </span><i><span style="font-family:Verdana;">Velvet tamarin</span></i><span style="font-family:Verdana;"> (Icheku) has a better antibacterial effect when compared to their aqueous extracts and combined forms. </span><i><span style="font-family:Verdana;">Psidium guajava</span></i><span style="font-family:Verdana;"> (Guava) and </span><i><span style="font-family:Verdana;">Velvet tamarin</span></i><span style="font-family:Verdana;"> (Icheku) twigs are made up of composite that </span></span><span style="font-family:Verdana;">is</span><span style="font-family:""><span style="font-family:Verdana;"> active against </span><i><span style="font-family:Verdana;">S. mutans</span></i><span style="font-family:Verdana;"> and can be used in oral hygiene. There is </span></span><span style="font-family:Verdana;">a </span><span style="font-family:Verdana;">need for further investigation on the plant extracts as the rural poor make use of it because it is cheap, readily available and the rich also use it once they are in the village mostly in Eastern Nigeria. Similarly chewing sticks has been reported to be practiced by 90 of rural population in Nigeria</span><span style="font-family:Verdana;">.展开更多
Being known as the lesbian-themed novel,Tipping the Velvet has always been analyzed with queer theory and Judith But?ler’s sexual performance.Female body discourse is a new perspective to analyze it with the combinat...Being known as the lesbian-themed novel,Tipping the Velvet has always been analyzed with queer theory and Judith But?ler’s sexual performance.Female body discourse is a new perspective to analyze it with the combination of the text analysis and feminine writing put forward by Helene Cixous.Narrating the female body in a novel is a way to deconstruct the patriarchal society and to awaken women to fight against it.It is still of significance in 21st society where gender inequality and discrimination exist everywhere.展开更多
文摘Attribute reduction is a research hotspot in rough set theory. Traditional heuristic attribute reduction methods add the most important attribute to the decision attribute set each time, resulting in multiple redundant attribute calculations, high time consumption, and low reduction efficiency. In this paper, based on the idea of sequential three-branch decision classification domain, attributes are treated as objects of three-branch division, and attributes are divided into core attributes, relatively necessary attributes, and unnecessary attributes using attribute importance and thresholds. Core attributes are added to the decision attribute set, unnecessary attributes are rejected from being added, and relatively necessary attributes are repeatedly divided until the reduction result is obtained. Experiments were conducted on 8 groups of UCI datasets, and the results show that, compared to traditional reduction methods, the method proposed in this paper can effectively reduce time consumption while ensuring classification performance.
基金Supported by the Projects of the General Administration of Quality Supervision,Inspection and Quarantine of China(No.2007IK157)
文摘Eighteen sex hormones in antler velvet were determined by high performance liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry.The solid phase extraction was applied to eliminating the matrix effect.The experimental conditions were examined and optimized.Under the optimal conditions,the proposed method provides the good linearities and determination limits(0.2―1.0 μg/kg) of the analytes investigated.The recoveries ranging from 72.3% to 149.5% were obtained for the target analytes at two concentration levels.This method was applied to the determination of eighteen sex hormones in different kinds of antler velvet samples and the obtained results are satisfactory.The results indicate that the proposed method is suitable for the determination of sex hormones in antler velvet samples.
基金Supported by the Natural Science Foundation of Tianjin (06YFJMJC10500)
文摘Supercritical CO2 (SC-CO2) extraction technology and ultrasonic technology were used to extract two active sex hormones, estradiol and progesterone, and insulin-like growth factor-1 (IGF-1) from antler velvet. The effects of SC-CO2 extraction condition on the extraction yield and content of sex hormones, the ultrasonic extrac-tion condition on the content of IGF-1 and the SC-CO2 extraction condition on the activity remaining of IGF-1 were studied. The optimal conditions were obtained. The experimental results showed that, in presence of 75% ethanol as the co-solvent, the mean yield and content of estradiol and progesterone were 87.67 pg·g-1 and 1224.10 pg·g-1, 12.38 ng·g-1 and 354.06 ng·g-1, respectively, with extraction pressure of 30 MPa, temperature of 35°C, extraction time of 30 min and CO2 consumption of 15 L·g-1 at the flow rate of 2.0 L·min-1. The highest content of IGF-1 was 7425.75 ng·g-1 antler velvet residue, when the pH10 ammonia-ammonium chloride buffer solution was used as the solvent, the ratio of solvent to sample was 20/1 (volume/mass), the extraction temperature was 0-35°C, and the ex-traction time was 4×15 min. Under these conditions, 93.68% activity remaining of IGF-1 in the residue was ob-tained, while little IGF-1 activity exists in traditional residue. The experimental results indicate that the technology of SC-CO2 with co-solvent is of advantage for getting high content sexual hormones and keeping high activity of IGF-1 in the residue, which can not be achieved by traditional extraction methods.
文摘The hydrolysis of velvet bean (Mucuna pruriens) protein in the presence of Alcalase?-Flavourzyme? and Pepsin-Pancreatin was investigated. The results showed that Alcalase?-Flavourzyme? (29.08%) sequential system catalyzed the hydrolysis most efficiently that Pepsin-Pancreatin (24.78%). In addition, the higher ACE-I inhibitory activity was achieved with the sequential system Alcalase?-Flavourzyme? (33.13%). Furthermore, the concentration of peptides employing an ultrafiltration (UF) system or their purification by gel filtration chromatography showed that the oligomeric peptides with lower molecular weight registered the highest ACE-I inhibitory activity. It has been demonstrated that Mucuna pruriens protein hydrolysates could serve as a source of peptides with ACE inhibitory activity and this activity can be attributed mainly to the mixture of short peptides in the hydrolysate.
基金The project supported by National Natural Science Foundation of China(U1204826)
文摘OBJECTIVE To explore the therapeutic effects and underlying mechanisms of velvet antler polypeptides(VVAPs)in CCl4-induced experimental hepatic fibrosis in rats.METHODS Anti-hepatic fibrosis properties of VAPs were tested by Subcutaneous injection(SC)into male Wistar rats of CCl4- induced experimental hepatic fibrosis.After SC injections for 45 consecutive days at doses of 5mg·kg-1(low dose,VAPsL),10mg·kg-1(mid-dose,VAPsM)and 20mg·kg-1(high-dose,VAPsH),the rats were sacrificed and the various indicators were evaluated and tested.Observed hepatic cells degeneration and necrosis,inflammatory infiltration and levels of serum enzymes to assess treatment of VAPs;The expression levels of superoxide dismutase(SOD),glutathione peroxidase(GSH-Px),MDA,and hydroxyproline(HYP)in liver tissue were analyzed;RT-PCR analysis was carried out to detect the expression levels of matrix metalloproteinases2(MMP-2)and tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinases 1(TIMP-1)in liver tissue.RESULTS VAPs has obvious anti-hepatic fibrosis effects.Hepatocyte swelling,fatty degeneration was significantly reduced,reducing infiltration of inflammatory cells.Release of alanine aminotransferase(ALT)and aspartate aminotransferase(AST)decreased significantly,reduction of hyaluronic acid(HA)and laminin(LN)obviously,at the same time,the content of total protein and albumin increased significantly in serum.Activity of SOD and GSH-Px was significantly raised and the content of MDA and HYP was reduced significantly in liver tissue.Expression levels of MMP-2and TIMP-1 mRNA in liver were decreased significantly.These improvements were more significant in high-dos and mid-dose groups(P<0.05 or P<0.01 vs model group).CONCLUSION These findings suggest VAPs can significant treat the hepatic fibrosis,which may be due to protect liver cells and improve liver functions by hydroxyl radical scavenging activity and great effect of antioxidation,and decrease the gene expression of MMP-2,improving exist-environment of liver cells and decreasing the gene expression of TIMP-1,prompting degradation of extracellular matrix.
文摘The velvet electron emission characteristics and beams' brightness are investigated with a multi-pulsed mode. The results indicate that in the multi-pulsed mode the velvet emission is not uniform and the periphery emission is much stronger than that from the centre. The periphery emission contributes much more to the formation of the cathode plasma than the centre emission, which leads to diode impendence breakdown. The relationship between the cathode plasma expansion and the initial emittance of the cathode is deduced to describe the characteristics of the multi-pulsed vacuum diode. The emittance of the multi-pulsed beams is measured to be less than 1000mm·mrad. The brightness of the electron beams is better than 1× 10^8A/(m·rad)2.
文摘<span style="font-family:Verdana;">Globally dental diseases are mainly caused by</span><i><span style="font-family:Verdana;"> Streptococcus mutans</span></i><span style="font-family:""><span style="font-family:Verdana;">, it is one of the leading causative agents of dental caries worldwide, because of its resistance to </span><span><span style="font-family:Verdana;">conventional antibacterial agents, alternative therapies are used to control resistance of oral pathogens. This research was done to determine the antibacterial activities of </span><i><span style="font-family:Verdana;">Psidium guajava</span></i><span style="font-family:Verdana;"> (guava) and </span><i><span style="font-family:Verdana;">Velvet tamarin</span></i><span style="font-family:Verdana;"> (Icheku) chewing sticks on </span><i><span style="font-family:Verdana;">Streptococcus mutans</span></i><span style="font-family:Verdana;"> isolated from the oral cavity. The study was conducted in Owerri Imo State Nigeria during November-December</span></span><span style="font-family:Verdana;"> period. Phytochemical analysis of the plant extracts was done using appropriate techniques. The procedure used for antimicrobial susceptibility test was disk diffusion method. Serial dilutions of</span><i><span style="font-family:Verdana;"> Psidium guajava</span></i><span style="font-family:Verdana;"> (guava) and </span><i><span style="font-family:Verdana;">Velvet tamarind</span></i><span style="font-family:Verdana;"> (Icheku) extracts were prepared, Muller-Hinton media was used to put together the extract of serial dilutions of </span><i><span style="font-family:Verdana;">Psidium guajava</span></i><span style="font-family:Verdana;"> (guava) and </span><i><span style="font-family:Verdana;">Velvet tamarin</span></i><span style="font-family:Verdana;"> (Icheku) and </span></span><span style="font-family:Verdana;">a </span><span style="font-family:Verdana;">microbiological procedure w</span><span style="font-family:Verdana;">ere</span><span style="font-family:Verdana;"> used for visually determining the minimum inhibitory concentration as well as minimum bactericidal concentration. Phytochemical evaluation of the plants</span><span style="font-family:Verdana;">’</span><span style="font-family:""><span style="font-family:Verdana;"> extracts revealed that it contains saponins, tannins, alkaloid, steriods, glycosides and phenol. The results obtained from the antibacterial susceptibility testing of the extracts against </span><i><span style="font-family:Verdana;">Streptococcus mutans</span></i><span style="font-family:Verdana;"> showed that the zones of inhibition recorded ranged from 18</span></span><span style="font-family:""> </span><span style="font-family:Verdana;">mm to 27</span><span style="font-family:""> </span><span style="font-family:""><span style="font-family:Verdana;">mm. Ethanol (Soxhlet) extract of I</span><span style="font-family:Verdana;">cheku twig showed no zone of inhibition on the isolated organism. The</span><span style="font-family:Verdana;"> ethanol (soxhlet) extract of the individual </span><i><span style="font-family:Verdana;">Psidium guajava</span></i><span style="font-family:Verdana;"> (guava) and </span><i><span style="font-family:Verdana;">Velvet tamarin</span></i><span style="font-family:Verdana;"> (Icheku) has a better antibacterial effect when compared to their aqueous extracts and combined forms. </span><i><span style="font-family:Verdana;">Psidium guajava</span></i><span style="font-family:Verdana;"> (Guava) and </span><i><span style="font-family:Verdana;">Velvet tamarin</span></i><span style="font-family:Verdana;"> (Icheku) twigs are made up of composite that </span></span><span style="font-family:Verdana;">is</span><span style="font-family:""><span style="font-family:Verdana;"> active against </span><i><span style="font-family:Verdana;">S. mutans</span></i><span style="font-family:Verdana;"> and can be used in oral hygiene. There is </span></span><span style="font-family:Verdana;">a </span><span style="font-family:Verdana;">need for further investigation on the plant extracts as the rural poor make use of it because it is cheap, readily available and the rich also use it once they are in the village mostly in Eastern Nigeria. Similarly chewing sticks has been reported to be practiced by 90 of rural population in Nigeria</span><span style="font-family:Verdana;">.
文摘Being known as the lesbian-themed novel,Tipping the Velvet has always been analyzed with queer theory and Judith But?ler’s sexual performance.Female body discourse is a new perspective to analyze it with the combination of the text analysis and feminine writing put forward by Helene Cixous.Narrating the female body in a novel is a way to deconstruct the patriarchal society and to awaken women to fight against it.It is still of significance in 21st society where gender inequality and discrimination exist everywhere.