持续灌注榄香烯(elemene)治疗恶性脑肿瘤

目的：探讨持续灌注榄香烯治疗恶性脑肿瘤的疗效。方法：总结分析我院1996年1月～1998年11月间，采用持续灌注榄香烯化疗23例恶性脑肿瘤患者的疗效。恶性胶质瘤13例，脑转移瘤10例。榄香烯400～800mg／d，6～12g／疗程，2～3个疗程，每疗程间隔1～1．5个月。经皮颈内动脉穿刺插管，或经皮锁骨下静脉或肘正中静脉穿刺插管，用泵持续灌注。根据治疗前后肿瘤体积变化，平均生存期，体能状态评分评价疗效。结果：1）治疗前后肿瘤体积（cm3）平均缩小62．2％，P＜0．01。2）全组CR 3例，PR 14例，CR＋PR 17例，有效率73．9％（95％可信区间±13．4％）。对照组29例，CR 2例，PR 10例，CR＋PR 12例，有效率40．9％ （95％可信区间±17．9％）（P＜0．02）。3）治疗前后KPS平均记分差为6．5，P＜0．01。4）治疗组平均生存期25．8个月，对照组平均生存期17．4月（P＜0．01）。结论：持续灌注榄香烯化疗对恶性脑肿瘤疗效明显，能延长患者高质量的生存期，值得进一步探讨。

β-elemene通过调节耐药特异性miRNA逆转乳腺癌细胞耐药性的机制研究

目的:探讨β-榄香烯逆转乳腺癌细胞耐药性的机制,明确其抗肿瘤作用。方法:通过向MCF-7细胞株培养基内逐渐增加临床上最常用于乳腺癌化学治疗的药物多西紫杉醇(Doc)或阿霉素(Adr),逐渐提高培养基中药物浓度的方法成功地构建出亲本细胞株MCF-7中耐药亚型,选择乳腺癌阿霉素耐药细胞(MCF-7/Adr)和乳腺癌多西紫杉醇(MCF-7/Doc)耐药细胞株,采用MTT-cytotoxic、miRNA微阵列、实时定量PCR、双荧光素酶活性测定等方法,研究β-elemene对乳腺癌耐药细胞生存率、耐药特异性miRNA29a、miRNA452、miRNA34a及miRNA222表达的影响。结果:β-elemene明显降低耐药乳腺癌细胞株细胞生存率和增殖率,β-elemene显著调节MCF-7/Adr和MCF-7/Doc细胞内miRNAs的表达水平,其中6个miRNAs上调,12个miRNAs下调显著。结论:β-elemene是一种从植物中提取的天然抗肿瘤中药成分,可以逆转乳腺癌细胞的耐药性。证实了中药β-elemene可以通过调控耐药相关miRNA表达的机制抗乳腺癌耐药细胞的耐药性。

β-elemene联合顺铂抑制Hep-2细胞生长作用的实验研究

目的探讨β-elemene联合顺铂对体外培养的Hep-2细胞(人喉咽癌细胞)生长的抑制作用。方法采用MTT比色法和流式细胞分析技术检测不同组别、不同时间(12、24、48h)对Hep-2细胞的抑制其增殖和诱导其凋亡的作用。结果单纯β-elemene组、单纯顺铂组及β-elemene联合顺铂组,12h时对Hep-2细胞增殖抑制率分别为19.05%、20.12%和22.24%,细胞凋亡率分别为12.21%、17.98%和20.34%;24h时细胞增殖抑制率为40.62%、41.51%和64.65%,细胞凋亡率为25.34%、31.08%和34.62%;48h时细胞增殖抑制率为60.50%、68.23%和71.56%,细胞凋亡率为40.63%、42.96%和63.01%。β-elemene联合顺铂组对Hep-2细胞生长抑制作用和诱导细胞凋亡的作用都明显优于其他各组(P<0.05)。结论β-elemene联合顺铂能够明显抑制Hep-2细胞增殖,诱导Hep-2细胞凋亡,为喉咽癌的化疗提供了一个新的启发。

Mechanisms of inhibition of elemene on human lens epithelial cell proliferation in vitro

AIM: To study the effects of elemene (Ele) on proliferation and cell cycle of human lens epithelial cells 63 (HLE-B3) and the mechanisms of its signal transduction. METHODS: Recombinant human basic fibroblast growth factor (rhbFGF) was used to induce proliferation of HLE-B3 cells, which were incubated with 80mg/L Ele for 24 hours. The inhibitory effects of Ele on the proliferation of HLE-B3 cells were evaluated by MU method. The effect of Ele on HLE-B3 cell cycle was analyzed by flow cytometry (FCM). The expressions of protein kinase A (PKA) and protein kinase G (PKG) of HLE-B3 were also analyzed by FCM. RESULTS: Ele altered the cell cycle of HLE-B3 and effectively inhibited HLE-B3 cell proliferation induced by rhbFGF. Ele up-regulated PKA and down-regulated the expression of PKG in HLE-B3 cell. CONCLUSION: Ele inhibits HLE-B3 proliferation, making it an attractive potential agent in regimens to treat after-cataracts.

In vitro study of radiosensitization by β-Elemene in A549 cell line from adenocarcinoma of lung

Objective： To explore the effect and possible mechanism in vitro of radiosensitization by β-Elemene in A549 cell line from adenocarcinoma of lung. Methods： The A549 cell line from adenocarcinoma of lung was chosen for the study to determine the inhibition ratio by using MTT assay. Morphologic change, growth curve, cloning efficiency, divisional index were observed. Change of cell cycle and apoptosis rate were analyzed by FCM and the expressions of gene P53 and Bcl-2 were detected. Results： Reproductive activity of the group which was under irradiation and β-Elemene was significantly suppressed and its cloning efficiency and divisional index also declined. The apoptosis rate of the group which was under irradiation and β-Elemene was significantly higher at 48 h and 72 h, which was analyzed by FCM. The expression of P53 without Bcl-2 was observed in the group under irradiation and β-Elemene and the group under β-Elemene only at the 48th hour point, while the expression of Bcl-2 without p53 was observed in the group under irradiation only and the control group. Conclusion： β-Elemene is good at radiosensitization and its mechanism may be relevant to the up-regulation of P53, down-regulation of Bcl-2 and inducing apoptosis.

β-elemene enhances the radiosensitivity of gastric cancer cells by inhibiting Pak1 activation

AIM:To explore the potential of β-elemene as a radiosensitizer for gastric cancer cells and the underlying mechanisms.METHODS:SGC7901,MKN45,MKN28,N87,and AGS human gastric cancer cell lines were used to screen for radioresistant gastric cancer cell lines. A 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium(MTT) assay was used to determine the effects of β-elemene and IPA-3 on cell viability in MKN45 and SGC7901 gastric cancer cell lines. A clonogenic survival assay and annexin V-FITC/PI apoptosis detection assay were used to evaluate cellular radiosensitivity and radiation-induced cell death,respectively. A proteomic method,isobaric tags for relative and absolute quantitation(i TRAQ),was employed to screen the proteins regulated by β-elemene pretreatment prior to ionizing radiation(IR) in SGC7901 gastric cancer cell line. IPA-3 was used as a specific small molecule inhibitor of p21-activated protein kinase 1(Pak1) to target Pak1 signaling. Protein levels of PAK1IP1(p21-activated protein kinase-interacting protein 1),total Pak1(t-Pak1),phospho-Pak1(T423),phospho-ERK1/2( Thr202/Tyr204),and cleaved caspase-3(17 k Da) were assessed by western blotting.RESULTS:MKN45 and SGC7901 gastric cancer cell lines were relatively more resistant to IR. β-elemene pretreatment decreased clonogenic survival following IR in MKN45 and SGC7901 gastric cancer cell lines. Additionally,β-elemene pretreatment prior to IR increased radiation-induced cell death compared with IR alone in MKN45(10.4% ± 0.9% vs 34.8% ± 2.8%,P < 0.05) and SGC7901(11.6% ± 0.9% vs 46.7% ± 5.2%,P < 0.05) human gastric cancer cell lines,respectively,consistent with the level of cleaved caspase-3(17 k Da). Through i TRAQ analysis and western blot validation,we found that β-elemene upregulated PAK1IP1 and downregulated phospho-Pak1(T423) and phosphoERK1/2 in SGC7901 gastric cancer cells. IR increased the level of phospho-Pak1(T423). Pretreatment with β-elemene decreased radiation-induced Pak1 and ERK1/2 phosphorylation. Inhibition of Pak1 using IPA-3 decreased clonogenic survival following IR. In addition,IPA-3 increased radiation-induced cell death in MKN45(13.4% ± 0.3% vs 26.6% ± 1.0%,P < 0.05) and SGC7901(16.0% ± 0.6% vs 37.3% ± 1.7%,P < 0.05) gastric cancer cell lines,respectively,consistent with the level of cleaved caspase-3(17 k Da). Western blotting showed that IPA-3 decreased radiation-induced Pak1 and ERK1/2 phosphorylation.CONCLUSION:This is the first demonstration that β-elemene enhances radiosensitivity of gastric cancer cells,and that the mechanism involves inhibition of Pak1 signaling.

The effect of beta-elemene on alpha-tubulin polymerization in human hepatoma HepG2 cells

Objective： To investigate the impact of beta-elemene injection on the growth and alpha-tubule of human hepatocarcinoma HepG2 cells. Methods： Cell proliferation was assessed by MTT assay. Cell cycle distribution was detected by flow cytometry （FCM）. The mRNA expression of alpha-tubulin was measured by RT-PCR. Western blot analysis was used to determine protein expression of alpha-tubulin and the polymerization of tubulin. Results： Beta-elemene injection inhibited HepG2 cells proliferation in a dose- and time-dependent manner; FCM analysis indicated beta-elemene injection induced cell cycle arrested at S phase. RT-PCR and western- blot analysis showed that beta-elemene injection down-regulated alpha-tublin at both mRNA and protein levels, presenting a dose-dependent manner. Moreover, beta-elemene injection reduced the polymerization of microtubules in a dose-dependent manner. Conclusions： Beta-elemene injection can inhibit the proliferation of hepatoma HepG2 cells and induce cell apoptosis, the mechanism might be partly related to the down-regulation of alpha-tubulin and inhibition of microtubular polymerization.

The clinical research of elemene emulsion combined with FOLFOX4 regimen in the treatment of advanced gastric carcinoma

Objective:The aim of this study was to observe the effects and adverse reactions of elemene emulsion added to the chemotherapy in the treatment of advanced gastric carcinoma (AGC).Methods:Forty-nine patients were divided randomly into two groups,elemene emulsion group (25 cases,treated with chemotherapy and elemene emulsion) and chemotherapy group (24 cases,treated with chemotherapy only).All patients received chemotherapy.The clinical effects and adverse reactions were evaluated after four cycles.Results:The response rate (RR) were 60% in elemene emulsion group and 41.7% in chemotherapy group respectively (P < 0.05).The median time to progression and overall survival in elemene emulsion group and in chemotherapy group were 7.1 months and 11.0 months vs 5.2 months and 9.3 months (P < 0.05).A lower rate of neutropenia,nausea,vomiting and diarrhea occurred in elemene emulsion group compared with chemotherapy group (P < 0.05),and there was significant difference in the elevation of life quality as well (48% vs 25%;P < 0.05).Conclusion:Elemene emulsion in combination with FOLFOX4 regimen can improve the efficacy,decrease the incidence of side effects of chemotherapy and elevate the life quality and prolong the survival time in AGC.

THE ANTITUMOR ACTIVITY OF ELEMENE IS ASSOCIATED WITH APOPTOSIS

Elemene, isolated from the Chinese medicinal herbRhizoma Zedoariae was shown to exhibit antitumoractivity in vitro and in vivo to human and murine tumorcells. This novel antineoplastic agent has beendemonstrated to have substantial clinical activity againstvarious tumors. In this paper, the mechanisms ofantitumor activity of elemene are reported. The in vitroeffect of elemene on the growth of leukemia cells wasevaluated by MTT assay. The IC50 values of elemene forpromyelocytic leukemia HL-60 cells and erythroleukemiaK562 cells were found to be 27.5 μg/ml and 81μg/ml,respectively, while IC50 for peripheral blood leukocytes(PBL) was 254.3 μg/ml. The inhibitory effect of elemeneon proliferation of HL-60 cells was associated with cellcycle arrest from S to G2M phase transition and withinduction of apoptosis. The apoptosis of tumor cells wasconfirmed by DNA ladder formation on gelelectrophoresis and characteristic ultrastructuralalternations. These results indicate that induction ofapoptosis contributes to the mechanisms of antitumoractivity of elemene.

ANGⅡ-AT_1 Receptor Pathway Is Involved in the Anti-fibrotic Effect of β-elemene

To investigate the effects of β-elemene on the ANG Ⅱ-ATI receptor pathway in rats with liver fibrosis, a model of hepatic fibrosis was induced by hypodermical injection of carbon tetrachloride （CC14） into Wistar male rats. D-elemene was intraperitonealy administered into the rats for 8 weeks （0.1 mL/100 g body weight per day）. Masson staining was used to observe the liver fibrosis of rats and liver functions were measured by enzymatic kinetic analysis. The content of hydroxyproline in liver tissues was detected by specimen alkaline hydrolysis. The level of plasma ANG Ⅱ in blood plasma was detected by radioimmunoassay. The expression of AT1R in rat liver were measured using reverse transcriptional-polymerase chain reaction and immunohistochemistry respectively. The results showed that β-elemene could reduce the collagen disposition in liver and inhibit the progression of liver fibrosis. In addition, the levels of plasma ANG Ⅱ and the expression of hepatic AT1R in rats with liver fibrosis were also suppressed by β-elemene. It is concluded that the ANG Ⅱ-AT1 receptor pathway plays an important role in the development of hepatic fibrosis and D-elemene could down-regulate the levels of plasma ANG Ⅱ and the expression of hepatic ATIR in rats with liver fibrosis.

Inhibition of β-elemene on the expressions of HIF-lα, VEGF and i NOS in diabetic rats model

AIM: To evaluate the effect of β-elemene on the expressions of hypoxia-inducible factor(HIF)-lα, vascular endothelial growth factor(VEGF) and inducible nitric oxide synthase(i NOS) in a streptozotocin(STZ) induced diabetic SpragueDawley(SD) rat model.METHODS: SD rats were administered an abdominal injection of STZ and induced to a diabetic model. After 6 wk course of diabetes, the treatment groups were given β-elemene through periocular and intravitreous injection separately and the control groups were given blank emulsion injection. HE staining was used to observe the morphology of retina. The m RNA expressions of HIF-1α, VEGF and i NOS was assayed by real-time polymerase chain reaction(PCR) and the protein expression was measured by Western blot and immunocytochemistry methods.RESULTS: The results indicated that the protein and m RNA expressions of HIF-1α, VEGF and i NOS after treated by β-elemene periocularly and intravitreally injections were all found to be reduced compared with the levels in the diabetic rats group(P<0.05). The inhibitory effect of intravitreal injection was more remarkable.CONCLUSION: The results show β-elemene protect the retina of diabetic rats from high glucose damage by downregulating the expression of HIF-1α, VEGF and iNOS.

Effect of bronchial arterial infusion chemotherapy combined with elemene on the malignant lesion molecules and systemic immune response in patients with advanced lung cancer

Objective:To study the effect of bronchial arterial infusion chemotherapy combined with elemene on the malignant lesion molecules and systemic immune response in patients with advanced lung cancer.Methods:A total of 78 patients diagnosed with advanced lung cancer in our hospital between April 2013 and March 2016 were selected as research subjects and randomly divided into observation group who accepted bronchial arterial infusion chemotherapy combined with elemene therapy and control group who accepted bronchial arterial infusion chemotherapy. After 4 weeks of treatment, tumor lesions were collected to determine the expression of proliferation and invasion molecule, and serum was collected to determine the levels of immune cell-related cytokines.Results:After 4 weeks of treatment, TCF3, Livin, Bcl-2, HOXB7, PTTG1, Vimentin, E-cadherin, Rap2a andβ-catenin protein expression in tumor lesions of observation group were significantly lower than those of control group;serum IFN-γ level of observation group was significantly higher than that of control group while IL-4, IL-9, IL-10 and TGF-β levels were significantly lower than those of control group.Conclusions:Bronchial arterial infusion chemotherapy combined with elemene can inhibit the expression of proliferation and invasion of molecules in tumor lesions and improve the systemic anti-tumor immune response in patients with advanced lung cancer.

Efficacy and safety of elemene combined with SOX in the treatment of advanced metastatic gastric cancer

Objective: To explore the therapeutic effect of elemene combined with S-1 / oxaliplatin (SOX) in the treatment of advanced metastatic gastric cancer, and to analyze and evaluate the safety of the chemotherapy, so as to provide new ideas for clinical treatment. Methods: 71 patients with advanced metastatic gastric cancer from April 2015 to April 2018 were randomly divided into two groups: the control group treated with SOX alone and the observation group treated with elemene combined SOX. The short-term and long-term therapeutic effects of the two groups were compared by the RECIST1.1 score and survival curve, and the differences of tumor markers, serological indicators and adverse reactions between the two groups were compared. Results: the objective remission rate (ORR) and clinical benefit rate (CBR) of the observation group were significantly higher than those of the control group (χ2=5.161, P=0.031;χ2=5.124, P=0.037);after treatment, the serum CEA, CA-199, IGF-1, MMP-9, IL-2 and IFN-γ levels of the observation group were significantly improved compared with those of the control group (P<0.05);compared with the two groups, the incidence of leucopenia, anemia, asthenia, nausea and vomiting in the observation group were significantly lower than that in the control group (P<0.05);the median tumor progression time (7.1 months, 95%CI=4.037-10.248) and median total survival time (8.8 months, 95%CI=6.634-10.907) in the observation group were significantly higher than that in the control group (4.9 months, 95%CI=2.324-6.839) and median total survival time (6.5 months, 95%CI=5.007-7.638), and the difference was statistically significant (P=0.001, P=0.026). Conclusion: elemene combined with SOX has a high short-term and long-term efficacy in patients with advanced metastatic gastric cancer, and its side effects are less, and its safety is higher, which has a certain clinical significance.

Real world analysis on renal impairment of elemene emulsion injection based on propensity score matching

Objective:To explore the main factors of renal function injury caused by the combination of elemene emulsion injection in the real world.Methods:Based on the hospital information system medical database constructed by the Institute of Clinical Basic Medicine of Chinese Academy of Traditional Chinese Medicine,taking the patient information of elemene emulsion injection used in 21 top three hospitals in China as the research object,the nested case control study method was used to compare the combined medication of patients with renal function injury group and control group,The main factors that may lead to renal function injury were screened by MCP variable selection method,and the above main factors were further analyzed by classical logistic regression and propensity score logistic regression method.Results:The analysis found that the combined use of potassium chloride within 7 d before the use of elemene emulsion injection or the combined use of furosemide during the use of elemene emulsion injection may be the main factor leading to renal function injury.Conclusion:The combination of elemene emulsion injection and the above main factors that may lead to renal injury should be avoided.If it must be used,clinical monitoring should be strengthened,and abnormal reactions should be treated immediately.The results of this study have certain clinical significance,and the clinical mechanism can be further studied and explored in the future.

Clinical Study on TACE Combined with Elemene Injection and Cinobufagin Injection Respectively for Middle and Advanced Primary Hepatic Carcinoma

Objective: To observe and compare the differences in the clinical effect and the incidences of adverse reactions oftranscatheter arterial chemoembolization(TACE) combined with elemene injection and cinobufagin injection respectively for middleand advanced primary hepatic carcinoma. Methods: A total of 104 cases of patients with middle and advanced primary hepaticcarcinoma who were treated in the oncology department from August 2018 to January 2020 were included as the study objects, andwere randomly divided into two groups according to different treatment regimens, 52 cases in each group. Both groups were treatedwith TACE once;the cinobufagin injection group was given intravenous infusion with 500 mL of 5% glucose injection and 10 mLof cinobufagin injection once a day. The elemene injection group was given intravenous infusion with elemene injection of 0.4 geach time and once a day. Both groups were treated for two courses, 15 days of continuous treatment with a rest of 15 days beingone course. The clinical effect, the changes in the indexes of liver function including alanine amino transferase(ALT), aspartatetransaminase(AST) and total bilirubin(TBil), the scores of alpha-fetoprotein(AFP) and Karnofsky (KPS) and tumor volumes aswell as the difference in the incidences of adverse reactions between the two groups were observed and compared. Results: Thetotal clinical effective rate was 88.46% in the elemene injection group and 71.15% in the cinobufagin injection group, and thedifference was significant(P<0.05). After treatment, the levels of ALT, AST and TBil in serum in the two groups were significantlydecreased when compared with those before treatment, differences being significant(P<0.05). There was no significant differencebeing found in the comparison of the levels of ALT, AST and TBil in serum between the two groups (P>0.05). After treatment, thedecrease of AFP, tumor volume and the increase of KPS scores in the elemene injection group were significantly more than thosein the cinobufagin injection group, differences being significant (P<0.01). During treatment, there was no significant differencebeing found in the comparison of the total incidences of adverse reactions between the two groups(P>0.05). The adverse reactionsin the cinobufagin injection group were mainly nausea and vomiting, with higher incidence than that in the elemene injection group,the difference being significant (P<0.05). The adverse reactions in the elemene injection group were mainly pain at the injectionsite, with higher incidence than that in the cinobufagin injection group, the difference being significant (P<0.05). Conclusion: Thetherapy of elemene injection combined with TACE for middle and advanced primary hepatic carcinoma has better clinical effect thanthat of cinobufagin injection, but the occ.

Radiosensitivity of β-elemene on rabbit VX2 renal transplant carcinoma model

Objective To investigate the effects of low dosage of β-elemene on the radiosensitivity of rabbit VX2 renal transplant carcinoma model. Methods We took the rabbit VX2 renal transplant carcinoma as the model. Experimental rabbits were divided into three groups: the control group, the radiation group, and the radiation +β-elemene (radiosensitivity) group. The change of tumor was observed by Spiral CT and B ultrasound to compare its regrowth period. The tumor was measured by light microscopy and electron microscopy. Results The tumor in radiosensitivity group was restrained obviously and the sensitization enhancement ratio (SER) of β-elemene was 1.89. Different apoptosis was observed under transmission electron microscopy. Conclusion Low dosage β-elemene can enhance the radiosensitivity of rabbit VX2 renal transplant carcinoma model and induce the apoptosis of tumor cells, but the mechanism needs further study. It promotes apoptosis in mechanisms in vitro.

Analysis on Clinical Characteristics and Combination Medications of Elemene Injection in the Treatment of Esophageal Cancer in Real World Research

Objective:To explore the clinical characteristics of Elemene Injection in the treatment of patients with esophageal cancer.Methods:A total of 310 patients diagnosed with esophageal cancer from the Hoptital Information System(HIS)of 21 hospitals across the country were selected in the study,and these patients all had been treated with Elemene Injection.In this study,the clinical general medication record information,diagnosis scheme information,general treatment information and combined medications information were analyzed by frequency statistics and association rules.Results:Elemene Injection was used most in patients aged 46-65(177 cases,57.10%);male patients were more than female.Among the main diagnoses of the most seasons and solar terms in hospitalization,the top three diagnoses were esophageal malignant tumor,malignant tumor,and hypertension.In terms of combination medication,the combination of western medicine blood substitutes and perfusion fluids,general nutritional drugs,vitamins,antibacterial drugs,and immune-promoting drugs were the main ones;the combination of traditional Chinese medicine was mainly anti-tumor drugs(48.71%).In addition,among the combination medications,the highest frequency of Elemene Injection combined with western medicine and traditional Chinese medicine were Xiaoaiping Injection(消癌平注射液)and ascorbic acid.Conclusion:The main susceptible people of esophageal cancer was middle-aged around 46-65,and there were more male patients than female;through the first diagnosis of western medicine,it can be found that in addition to patients suffering from esophageal cancer or other cancers,patients with high blood pressure,heart disease,and diabetes could use Elemene Injection.Therefore,when receiving such patients,attention should be paid to checking whether the patient had such diseases.At the same time,when using Elemene Injection,it's necessary to pay attention to certain combined medications to avoid adverse reactions.

The effects of intravesical therapy with elemene in preventing postoperative recurrence of bladder cancer

To investigate the effects of intravesical therapy with elemene in preventing postoperative recurrence of superficial bladder cancer and its toxic and side effects.Methods This series included 123 patients with superficial bladder cancer (T1),consisting of transitional cell carcinoma GⅠ in 37 cases,GⅡ in 73 and GⅢ in 13.They all underwent surgical treatment.Postoperatively,they were randomly assigned to 2 groups;63 patients in elemene group received instillation of elemene (400 mg,once a week) 2 weeks after operation and 60 patients in mitomycin C (MMC) group received instillation of MMC (40 mg,once a week) 2 weeks after operation.The instillations were repeated for 6 weeks and thereafter monthly for 1 year.The recurrence rates,side effects,and NK cell activity before and after treatment were evaluated.Results The recurrence rate of elemene group (mean follow-up of 19.7 months) was 7.9% (5 cases),which was significantly lower than that (25.0%,15 cases) of MMC group (mean follow-up of 19.4 months;P<0.05).The side effect in elemene group (3.2%,2 cases) was significantly milder than that in MMC group (25.0%,15 cases)(P<0.05).In elemene group,the NK cell activity after treatment (28±2)% was significantly higher than that before treatment(20±2)%(P<0.05).Conclusion Instillation of elemene after operation is effective and safe in preventing postoperative recurrence of bladder cancer.8 refs.

Synthesis and Crystal Structure of the Derivative of β-elemene C_(20)H_(33)N·Cl_3CCOOH

The structure of the piperidine derivative of elemene C20H33NCl3CCOOH was determined by Xray crystallography. The crystal belongs to the orthorhombic system, space group P212121, a=12.303(4), b=22.064(7), c=9.002(4), V=2444(2)3, Z=4, Mr=450.88, Dc=1.23g/cm3, (MoK)=391cm-1, F(000)=960, Final R=0.050, Rw=0.067 for 2393 reflections I>3(I), GOF=1.91. The title compound is composed of trichloroacetate and the elemenyl piperidine cation. The latter contains two hexacyclic rings of elemene and piperidine, which adopt the chair conformations.\=

β-榄香烯抗胶质母细胞瘤作用机制的研究进展

胶质母细胞瘤是中枢神经系统最常见的恶性肿瘤,具有复发率高、生存时间短、病死率高等特点。β-榄香烯是一种广谱抗肿瘤药物,通过抑制细胞增殖、阻滞细胞周期和诱导细胞凋亡等多途径发挥抗肿瘤作用。本文通过回顾现有的基础研究及相关成果,对榄香烯在抑制胶质母细胞瘤的作用机制进行总结概括,以期为其临床应用及深入研究提供参考。