THE STRUCTURE OF AGGREGATION STATE AND ISOTHERMAL CRYSTALLIZATION KINETICS OF NYLON-1010

The structure of aggregation state and isothermal crystallization behavior of Nylon-1010 have been studied by WAXD, DSE, Variance-Range Function and density measurement. The results show that crystallization of Nylon-1010 has the most suitable annealing temperature, the crystals of the Nxlon-1010 are two-dimension heterogeneous nucleation. Both low treatment temperature and high crystallization te, temperature are disadvantageous for Nylon-1010 crystal growth.

Multicolor carbon dots with concentration-tunable fluorescence and solvent-affected aggregation states for white light-emitting diodes

Multicolor emissive carbon dots(M-CDs)have tremendous potential applications in manifold fields of bioimaging,biomedicine and light-emitting devices.Until now,it is still difficult to produce fluorescence tunable CDs with high quantum yield across the entire visible spectra.In this work,a type of M-CDs with concentration-tunable fluorescence and solvent-affected aggregation states was synthesized by solvothermal treatment of citric acid(CA)and 1-(2-pyridylazo)-2-naphthol(PAN)and the formation mechanism was monitored by different reaction time and raw material ratio.The fluorescence spectra of M-CDs in organic solvents can range from 350 to 750 nm by adjusting the concentration.M-CDs possess different aggregation states in water and organic solvents,accompanied by different fluorescence emission,which is attributed to the different surface states of various component CDs in M-CDs.Moreover,the obtained products can be uniformly dispersed into polymethylmethacrylate(PMMA)solutions as well as epoxy resins to fabricate transparent CDs/PMMA films and CDs/epoxy composites,which can effectively prevent the aggregation and produce multicolor and white light-emitting diodes(WLED).In addition,the prepared WLED with Commission Internationale de L’Eclairage(CIE)of(0.29,0.31)by using M-CDs/epoxy resin as packages,demonstrating the M-CDs exhibit potential applications for light-emitting devices.

THE INFLUENCE OF HEAT TREATMENT ON STRUCTURES OF THE AGGREGATED STATE OF POLYAMIDE-1010

The structural parameters of the aggregated state of polyamide (PA)-1010 annealed at various temperatures were computed by means of the desmearing intensity from Smalt Angle X-ray Scattering (SAXS) measurements and by using the concept of the distance distribution function. The results indicated that the structural parameters of the aggregated state were strongly dependent upon heat treatment conditions and the maximum values of the structural parameters were obtained for the samples annealed at T = 175 degrees C. The particle size Z annealed at different temperature was ranged between 8.1-12.8nm, and the values of the distance distribution function P-max(Z) were obtained when Z = 4.0-6.8 nm. Using one dimension electron density correlation function (1D EDCF) method long period (L) and thickness of the lamellar (d(0)) were estimated and were found to increase with the increase of the degree of crystallinity.

Manifestation of Color Confinement in the YY Model for Atomic Nuclei

In this paper, a manifestation of the well-known color confinement from the QCD (quantum chromodynamics) in the newly developed YY model for the atomic nucleus is presented. There is a wonderful correspondence between the structural requirements from the YY model and some elementary properties of the color dynamics from QCD. The open questions in the YY model, namely the holding forces for triple nodes and for pairing space links, are exactly covered by the three-color compensation or by the paired color anti-color balance. We will see what colors and anti-colors do mean in the YY model, how up quarks and down quarks get assigned a color or anti-color. We will discover some relationships between gluon-based interactions as described in the standard model and pairing space links in the YY model.

Possible Modular Structure of Matter Based on the “YY Model” Approach —An Overview of the Construction Rules for Quarks and Atomic Nuclei with Configurative Examples for Neutron, Proton, Deuteron and Dineutron

The newly developed YY model contains a set of constitutive rules to describe the structures of atomic nuclei and subatomic particles, by using two elementary sub-quark particles, the Yin and Yang fermions of charge 1/3 forming all the particles of the Standard Model. This model suggests a modular structure of the universe, in which two elementary constituents recursively form all the matter. The advantage of this hypothesis is that it provides a total symmetry and a noticeably clear conceptual understanding. Moreover, it justifies the cosmological formation of a limited number of atoms, e.g., H and Li with their isotopes, considering that matter can be produced as a free agglomerate of semi-stable neutrons, which would lead to the feeding of baryonic matter in the universe. In this current article, some further theoretical aspects are proposed as an evolution of the YY model. They cover correlation paths between interacting quarks, the considerations of color forces between yin-yang elementary elements. Moreover, an agreement of the YY model with the Teplov approach based on harmonic quarks and oscillators is established, and the mass of Yin and Yang is considered. Two example nuclei are used for the analysis: a radioactively stable deuteron (containing a neutron and a proton) and a possible semi-stable dineutron (roughly “consisting of two neutrons”), which is purely theoretical, represent a very natural and legal nuclear state within YY model. Based on the results obtained here, some indications are given for a possible simple experimental verification providing proof for the stability or instability of the dineutron.

Aggregation-enabled alkene insertion into carbon–halogen bonds

Molecular aggregation affects the electronic interactions between molecules and has emerged as a powerful tool in material science.Aggregate effect finds wide applications in the research of new physical phenomena;however,its value for chemical reaction development has been far less explored.Herein,we report the development of aggregation-enabled alkene insertion into carbon–halogen bonds.The spontaneous cleavage of C–X(X=Cl,Br,or I)bonds generates an intimate ion pair,which can be quickly captured by alkenes in an aggregated state.Additional catalysts or promoters are not necessary under such circumstances,and solvent quenching experiments indicate that the aggregated state is critical for achieving such sequences.The ionic insertion mode is supported by mechanistic studies,density functional theory calculations,and symmetry-adapted perturbation theory analysis.Results also show that the non-aggregated state may quench the transition state and terminate the insertion process.

Aggregation-Induced Emission of Hexaphenyl-1,3-butadiene

A new type of AlE molecules based on hexaphenyl-1,3-butadienes was reported with respect to the synthesis and characterization. This material exhibited different maximum emission wavelength and enhanced emission intensity at different aggregate state （amorphous and crystalline state）.

Grain boundary engineering of organic semiconductor films in organic transistors

Organicfield-effect transistors(OFETs)show great application potential in organic electronic and optoelectronicfields due to their excellent mechanicalflexibility,low cost,and solution processing.However,grain boundaries(GBs)disrupt the aggrega-tion state of organic semiconductor(OSC)films and hinder electrical performance and stability,which limits the application of OFETs.Besides,the sensitive nature of GBs is widely used in sensing,but detailed descriptions of the GBs are scarce.This review aims tofill this knowledge gap.The role of GBs and their effect on the per-formance and stability of OFETs are analyzed,followed by a detailed summary of the characterization of GBs.Then,strategies for suppressing the negative effects of GBs and utilizing the sensitive nature of GBs for application are proposed.Finally,potential research directions for GBs in OFETs are discussed.

The role of volatiles and coal structural variation in coal methane adsorption

We investigated the role of volatiles in the porous structure of coal samples and the corresponding structural deformations that affect the coals＇ methane adsorption capacity. For this study, the volatiles in coal were gradually removed by extraction. Changes in the crystal, textural, and porous structures were identified by means of thermogravimetric analysis, X-ray diffraction, and N2 adsorption/desorption. Changes in the methane adsorption behavior before and after volatile removal were investigated. It was found that changes in methane adsorption could be attributed to volatile-related deformations in the coal＇s porous structure. Microstructural characterizations indicated that the volatiles could be found in two states within the coal, either trapped in the pores, or cross-linked in the network. The former played an important role in constructing the pore spaces and walls within the coal and affected the accessibility of gases. The latter cross-linked state retained the volatiles within the macromolecular coal structural network. This state affected coal-coal interactions, which was a factor that controlled the crystal structure of coal and contributed to the number of porous deformations.

Investigation of the solubility and dispersion degree of calf skin collagen in ionic liquids

The dissolution of collagen in ionic liquids(ILs)was highly dependent on the polarity of ILs,which was influenced by their sorts and concentrations.Herein,the solubility and dispersion degree of collagen in two sorts of ILs,namely 1-ethyl-methylimidazolium tetrafluoroborate([EMIM][BF4])with low polarity and 1-ethyl-3-methylimidazolium acetate([EMIM][Ac])with high polarity in a concentration range from 10% to 70% at 10℃ were investigated.When 150 mg of collagen was added to 30 mg of ILs,the minimum soluble collagen concentration was 0.02 mg/mL in 70%[EMIM][BF4]with lowest polarity and the maximum was 3.57 mg/mL in 70%[EMIM][Ac]with highest polarity,which indicates that soluble collagen and insoluble collagen fibers were both present.For insoluble collagens,differential scanning calorimetry showed that the thermal-stability was weakened when increasing the ILs concentration and polarity,and the fiber arrangement was looser with a more uniform lyophilized structure,observed by atomic force microscopy and scanning electron microscopy.For soluble collagens,electrophoresis patterns and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy showed that no polypeptide chain degradation occurred during dissolution,but the thermal denaturation temperature decreased by 0.26℃~7.63℃ with the increase of ILs concentrations,measured by ultra-sensitive differential scanning calorimetry.Moreover,the aggregation of collagen molecules was reduced when ILs polarity was increased as determined by fluorescence measurements and dynamic light scattering,which resulted in an increased loose fiber arrangement observed by atomic force microscopy.If the structural integrity of collagen needs to be retained,then the ILs sorts and concentrations should be considered.

Improved Properties of Aromatic Polyamide Tape-casting Films

A convenient tape-casting method was applied to prepare high performance aromatic polyamide(PA)films based on Technora®.During the polycondensation,CaO was introduced to improve the solubility of the PA resin,and the generated halides were totally removed from the film via a simple water bath,without leaving any defects in PA films.The factors of processing temperature and immersion time had been systematically investigated,and the experimental results demonstrated that both of them had impressive impacts on aggregation state and comprehensive properties of the PA film.It was suggested that immersion in water for more than 1 min and baking below 300℃ for 10 min were the optimal conditions for the thermal,tensile,tear,and optical properties to be in the best equilibrium.The resultant PA films integrated outstanding film-forming ability and excellent general performance,especially the tensile property and tear resistance.