西沙马尾藻共附生真菌Aspergillus sp.SYPUF41304次级代谢产物的分离与鉴定

目的对西沙马尾藻共附生真菌Aspergillus sp.SYPUF41304的次级代谢产物进行分离与鉴定。方法利用硅胶柱色谱、凝胶柱色谱、中压反相柱色谱及半制备高效液相色谱等分离手段对马尾藻共附生真菌Aspergillus sp.SYPUF41304的液体发酵提取物进行分离纯化,并利用核磁共振、质谱等波谱学方法,结合文献对照,确定化合物结构。结果最终从提取物中分离得到10个化合物,经鉴定为吲哚-3-甲醛(1H-indole-3-carboxaldehyde)(1)、吲哚-3-乙酸甲酯(methyl indole-3-acetate)(2)、环(L-脯氨酸-L-缬氨酸)(cyclo-L-prolyl-L-valine)(3)、brevianamide F(4)、asperterreusine A(5)、talaisocoumarin A(6)、3-甲基-6-羟基-8甲氧基-3,4-二氢异香豆素(3-methyl-6-hydroxy-8-methoxy-3,4-dihydroisocoumarin)(7)、3-甲氧基-6,8-二羟基-3-甲基-3,4-二氢异香豆素(3-methoxy-6,8-dihydroxy-3-methyl-3,4-dihydroisocoumarin)(8)、4-hydroxykigelin(9)和de-O-methyldiaporthin(10)。结论化合物按结构类型可分为生物碱和聚酮类等,化合物4~8均为首次从该属真菌中分离得到。所有化合物在4 mg·mL^(-1)浓度下,均未显示出抗细菌活性。

华泽兰内生真菌Aspergillus puniceus次级代谢产物及其抗三阴性乳腺癌活性和作用机制

从华泽兰根部分离得到一株内生真菌Aspergillus puniceus.采用正相硅胶柱色谱、Sephadex LH-20凝胶柱色谱及半制备高效液相色谱等方法,从该菌株的发酵液中分离得到8个结构类似的口山酮类化合物,通过现代波谱技术分别鉴定为3′,4′-hydrogenated austocystins A(1)、austocystin M(2)、austocystin F(3)、austocystin D(4)、austocystin B(5)、austocystin K(6)、austocystin A(7)、austocystin H(8).MTT结果显示化合物5对三阴性乳腺癌MDA-MB-231细胞具有较好的选择性细胞毒活性(IC_(50)为1.28μmol·L^(-1)).另外,流式细胞术检测化合物5作用于MDA-MB-231细胞后凋亡率的变化,相比于对照组,最高总凋亡率为69.7%.同时,AO/EB双荧光染色也证明化合物5能够诱导MDA-MB-231的细胞凋亡.JC-1线粒体膜电位检测进一步显示化合物5能够通过线粒体途径诱导三阴性乳腺癌MDA-MB-231的细胞凋亡.

Effect of Aspergillus niger prolyl endopeptidase in patients with celiac disease on a long-term gluten-free diet

BACKGROUND The gluten-free diet(GFD)has limitations,and there is intense research in the development of adjuvant therapies.AIM To examine the effects of orally administered Aspergillus niger prolyl endopeptidase protease(AN-PEP)on inadvertent gluten exposure and symptom prevention in adult celiac disease(CeD)patients following their usual GFD.METHODS This was an exploratory,double-blind,randomized,placebo-controlled trial that enrolled CeD patients on a long-term GFD.After a 4-wk run-in period,patients were randomized to 4 wk of two AN-PEP capsules(GliadinX;AVI Research,LLC,United States)at each of three meals per day or placebo.Outcome endpoints were:(1)Average weekly stool gluten immunogenic peptides(GIP)between the run-in and end of treatments and between AN-PEP and placebo;(2)celiac symptom index(CSI);(3)CeD-specific serology;and(4)quality of life.Stool samples were collected for GIP testing by ELISA every Tuesday and Friday during run-ins and treatments.RESULTS Forty patients were randomized for the intention-to-treat analysis,and three were excluded from the per-protocol assessment.Overall,628/640(98.1%)stool samples were collected.GIP was undetectable(<0.08μg/g)in 65.6%of samples,and no differences between treatment arms were detected.Only 0.5%of samples had GIP concentrations sufficiently high(>0.32μg/g)to potentially cause mucosal damage.Median GIP concentration in the AN-PEP arm was 44.7%lower than in the run-in period.One-third of patients exhibiting GIP>0.08μg/g during run-in had lower or undetectable GIP after AN-PEP treatment.Compared with the run-in period,the proportion of symptomatic patients(CSI>38)in the AN-PEP arm was significantly lower(P<0.03).AN-PEP did not result in changes in specific serologies.CONCLUSION This exploratory study conducted in a real-life setting revealed high adherence to the GFD.The AN-PEP treatment did not significantly reduce the overall GIP stool concentration.However,given the observation of a significantly lower prevalence of patients with severe symptoms in the AN-PEP arm,further clinical research is warranted.

Polysaccharides of Aspergillus cristatus attenuate obesity by regulating gut microbiota and gut microbiota-related metabolites

Golden-flower fungus,the only dominant microorganism determining the Fu-brick tea quality through fermentation and the important microbe in Liupao tea,is considered a potential probiotic fungus based on its anti-obesity effect.However,the classification of golden-flower fungi is still controversial;the anti-obesity effect of golden-flower fungus polysaccharides remains unknown.In this study,we identify a golden-flower strain as Aspergillus cristatus based on morphological characteristics and multigene phylogeny analysis,which resolves the controversy of classification.Moreover,we find A.cristatus polysaccharides(ACPS)attenuate obesity in rats.ACPS modulate gut bacterial composition.in which Akkermansia,Akkermansia muciniphila,Bacteroides,Romboutsia,Blautia,and Desulfovibrio are considered the core microbes regulated by ACPS.ACPS increase fecal total short-chain fatty acid content and serum,hepatic,and fecal total bile acid content.Furthermore,ACPS-induced gut microbiota alteration plays a causal role in the protection from obesity,according to a fecal transplantation experiment.Thus,ACPS ameliorate obesity by regulating gut microbiota and gut microbiota-related metabolites.

Aspergillus niger prolyl endopeptidase in celiac disease

We comment here on the article by Stefanolo et al entitled“Effect of Aspergillus niger prolyl endopeptidase in patients with celiac disease on a long-term gluten-free diet”,published in the World Journal of Gastroenterology.Celiac disease is a well-recognized systemic autoimmune disorder.In genetically susceptible people,the most evident damage is located in the small intestine,and is caused and worsened by the ingestion of gluten.For that reason,celiac patients adopt a gluten-free diet(GFD),but it has some limitations,and it does not prevent re-exposure to gluten.Research aims to develop adjuvant therapies,and one of the most studied alternatives is supplementation with Aspergillus niger prolyl endopeptidase protease(AN-PEP),which is able to degrade gluten in the stomach,reducing its concentration in the small intestine.The study found a high adherence to the GFD,but did not address AN-PEP as a gluten immunogenic peptide reducer,as it was only tested in patients following a GFD and not in gluten-exposing conditions.This study opens up new research perspectives in this area and shows that further study is needed to clarify the points that are still in doubt.

Enzymatic Characterization of Pectinex XXL,a Pectinase Produced by Aspergillus niger,and Its Application in Fruit Juice Production

Pectinex XXL,a commercially prepared pectinase,was investigated for its potential application in the fruit juice industry.Polygalacturonic acid was used as the substrate for determining the enzymatic properties of Pectinex XXL using the DNS method.According to the results,the optimal pH for Pectinex XXL activity was 4.5,and the enzyme was stable in the pH range of 3.0~4.5.The optimal pH and pH stability range are consistent with those of some tropical and subtropical fruits.The optimal temperature for Pectinex XXL activity was 60℃,and the enzyme remained stable after one hour in a water bath set at 40℃.Additionally,the enzymatic activity was not inhibited in the presence of 1 mmol/L of Na^(+),Mg^(2+),Ba^(2+),Co^(2+),Zn^(2+),and Fe^(2+),whereas it was slightly inhibited in the presence of 2 mmol/L of K^(+)and Fe^(2+)and partially inhibited in the presence of 1 and 2 mmol/L of Ca^(2+)and Mn^(2+),demonstrating its good stability in acids and excellent thermal catalytic performance.Based on the above experimental results,depectinization experiments were performed on plantain and cherry tomato juices using different amounts of Pectinex XXL.After one hour reaction with 16 U/mL of the enzyme,the yields of the plantain and cherry tomato juices were substantially increased by 119.03%and 15.97%,respectively,while their light transmittance was remarkably enhanced by 37.65%and 12.35%,respectively.Furthermore,the enzyme reduced the viscosity of the plantain and cherry tomato juices by 88.29%and 29.50%,respectively.The juice production experiments confirmed that this enzyme can significantly improve the yield and light transmittance of plantain juice,while effectively reducing its viscosity.These findings indicate the potential of Pectinex XXL in the industrial production of plantain juice.

Identifying genetic susceptibility to Aspergillus fumigatus infection using collaborative cross mice and RNA-Seq approach

Background:Aspergillus fumigatus(Af)is one of the most ubiquitous fungi and its infection potency is suggested to be strongly controlled by the host genetic back-ground.The aim of this study was to search for candidate genes associated with host susceptibility to Aspergillus fumigatus(Af)using an RNAseq approach in CC lines and hepatic gene expression.Methods:We studied 31 male mice from 25 CC lines at 8 weeks old;the mice were infected with Af.Liver tissues were extracted from these mice 5 days post-infection,and next-generation RNA-sequencing(RNAseq)was performed.The GENE-E analysis platform was used to generate a clustered heat map matrix.Results:Significant variation in body weight changes between CC lines was ob-served.Hepatic gene expression revealed 12 top prioritized candidate genes differ-entially expressed in resistant versus susceptible mice based on body weight changes.Interestingly,three candidate genes are located within genomic intervals of the previ-ously mapped quantitative trait loci(QTL),including Gm16270 and Stox1 on chromo-some 10 and Gm11033 on chromosome 8.Conclusions:Our findings emphasize the CC mouse model's power in fine mapping the genetic components underlying susceptibility towards Af.As a next step,eQTL analysis will be performed for our RNA-Seq data.Suggested candidate genes from our study will be further assessed with a human cohort with aspergillosis.

CD3ε of a pan T cell marker involved in mouse Aspergillus fumigatus keratitis

AIM:To explore whether CD3ε is involved in the adaptive immunity of Aspergillus fumigatus(A.fumigatus)keratitis in mice and the role of innate and adaptive immunity in it.METHODS:Mice models of A.fumigatus keratitis were established by intra-stromal injection and corneal epithelial scratching.Subconjunctival injections of natamycin,wedelolactone,LOX-1 inhibitor(poly I)or Dectin-1 inhibitor(laminarin)were used to treat mice with A.fumigatus keratitis.Mice were pretreated by intraperitoneal injection of anti-mouse CD3ε.We observed the corneal infection of mice under the slit lamp microscope and made a clinical score.The protein expression of CD3ε and interleukin-10(IL-10)was determined by Western blotting.RESULTS:With the disease progresses,the degree of corneal opacity and edema augmented.In the intrastromal injection models,CD3εprotein expression began to increase significantly on the 2^(nd) day.However,in the scraping epithelial method models,CD3ε only began to increase on the 3^(rd) day.After natamycin treatment,the degree of corneal inflammation in mice was significantly attenuated on the 3^(rd) day.After wedelolactone treatment,the severity of keratitis worsened.And the amount of CD3ε protein was also reduced,compared with the control group.By inhibiting LOX-1 and Dectin-1,there was no significant difference in CD3ε production compared with the control group.After inhibiting CD3ε,corneal ulcer area and clinical score increased,and IL-10 expression was downregulated.CONCLUSION:As a pan T cell marker,CD3ε participate in the adaptive immunity of A.fumigatus keratitis in mice.In our mice models,the corneas will enter the adaptive immune stage faster.By regulating IL-10,CD3ε exerts antiinflammatory and repairs effects in the adaptive immune stage.

北部湾海洋真菌Aspergillus fumigatus DL-p0m-g2的化学成分及药理活性研究

为获得具有生物活性的化合物,对一株分离于北部湾钉螺菌株Aspergillus fumigatus DL-p0m-g2的化学成分及药理活性进行研究。综合应用反相ODS(octadecylsilyl)柱色谱、半制备液相等多种色谱学方法进行分离纯化,根据化合物理化性质、质谱和核磁共振波谱学数据进行结构鉴定,并对分离得到的化合物进行细胞毒活性、抑菌活性和胆固醇转运蛋白NPC1L1(NPC1-like intracellular cholesterol transporter 1)蛋白结合等生物活性评价。实验共分离得到21个生物碱类化合物和1个甾体,分别鉴定为6-methoxyspirotryprostatin B(1)、spirotryprostatin A(2)、fumitremorgin C(3)、cyclotryprostatin A(4)、fumitremorgin B(5)、pseurotin A(6)、azaspirofuran A(7)、azaspirofuran B(8)、cephalimysin C(9)、cephalimysin B(10)、fumiquinazoline C(11)、fumiquinazoline B(12)、fumiquinazoline A(13)、fumiquinazoline D(14)、fumiquinazoline F(15)、tryprostatin B(16)、verruculogen(17)、chaetominine(18)、bisdethiobis(methylthio)glitoxin(19)、helvolic acid(20)、7-deacetylpyripyropene A(21)、terezine D(22)。其中化合物6对人肝癌细胞(Hep G2)、人肺癌细胞(A549)、人直肠癌细胞(HCT116)有一定的细胞毒活性;化合物1、3和20对金黄色葡萄球菌表现出抑菌活性;化合物14与NPC1L1蛋白具有较好的结合,显示其在降脂药物开发中的研究潜力。

Biocontrol of Aspergillus flavus Strains Isolated from Bambara Groundnut (Vigna subterranea (L.) Verdc.) Seeds Using Essential Oils of Lippia multiflora Moldenke, Ocimum americanum L. (Lamiaceae) and Eucalyptus cameldulensis Dehnh

In nature, plant extracts play a crucial role in defending plants against biotic and abiotic stressors. Moreover, the use of plant-based products, such as plant extracts, represents a promising alternative to synthetic fungicides, which pose potential health risks to consumers. In this study, the antifungal activity of the essential oils (EOs) of Lippia multiflora, Eucalyptus camaldulensis and Ocimum americanum was evaluated against two strains of Aspergillus flavus via the agar dilution method. These two Aspergillus flavus fungi was isolated from Bamabra groundnut seeds. Lippia multiflora essential oil (EO) showed the best results compared with the other oils, with a minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) of 9000 μg∙mL−1. The MIC for Eucalyptus camaldulensis and Ocimum americanum EOs was 10,800 μg∙mL−1. In view of their antifungal properties, these EOs could be used to develop a new, safe antifungal agent for food preservation.

Aspergillus ficuum菊粉酶的分离纯化及其酶解菊粉制备低聚果糖

采用硫酸铵分级沉淀、透析脱盐、DEAE-Cellulose离子交换色谱等分离纯化技术，从Aspergillus ficuum菌株混合酶系中分离得到4种菊粉酶组分，应用薄层层析法分离各组分水解菊粉的产物，发现其中3种组分主要含外切菊粉酶，一种主要含有内切菊粉酶。进一步对所得到的内切菊粉酶组分酶解菊粉制备低聚果糖进行了研究，研究了底物浓度、加酶量、反应温度和反应pH对低聚果糖制备的影响，确定其最适反应条件为：底物浓度50g／L、加酶量10U／g底物，反应温度45℃，反应PH6．0。在此条件下反应72h，菊粉酶解率达74％，低聚果糖得率可达50％以上，酶解产物以DP2～DP4为主。

Aspergillus ficuum菊粉酶的荧光光谱研究

以Trp为荧光探针,测定Aspergillus ficuum产内切菊粉酶和外切菊粉酶的内源荧光性质,结果表明,外切菊粉酶和内切菊粉酶荧光产生贡献的色氨酸残基可能位于一个极性环境中,内切菊粉酶的色氨酸残基所处环境的极性比外切菊粉酶的色氨酸残基所处的环境极性大。菊粉酶经N-溴代琥珀酰亚胺(NBS)修饰后,内切菊粉酶荧光发射峰位出现了明显的蓝移,表明内切菊粉酶分子的色氨酸比外切菊粉酶分子的色氨酸对环境的变化更敏感。以丙烯酰胺作为荧光淬灭剂,内切菊粉酶色氨酸的可及分数比外切菊粉酶色氨酸的可及分数大,说明内切菊粉酶分子中的色氨酸比外切菊粉酶的更加暴露。菊粉酶在不同的pH值环境中荧光强度的变化结果显示:随着环境pH值的降低,内切菊粉酶的荧光淬灭程度比外切菊粉酶大,表明内切酶分子中色氨酸的微环境对pH值的变化更敏感。荧光光谱分析揭示了内切菊粉酶和外切菊粉酶具有不同的构象。

Aspergillus ficuum菊粉酶的分离纯化与鉴定

Aspergillus ficuum菊粉酶系经硫酸铵分级沉淀、透析脱盐、DEAE-Cellulose离子交换色谱、Sepharose CL-6B凝胶过滤色谱和制备电泳技术分离纯化,获得五个电泳纯酶:三个外切菊粉酶组分Exo-I、Exo-II、Exo-III和两个内切菊粉酶组分Endo-I、Endo-II。SDS-PAGE分析测得五种酶的分子量分别为:Exo-I:69961Da,Exo-II:39973Da,Exo-III:45561Da,Endo-I:33574Da,Endo-II:30769Da。

海洋来源真菌烟曲霉(Aspergillus fumigatus)次级代谢产物研究(Ⅱ)

对一株海洋来源的微生物（Aspergillus fumigatus.）中的次级代谢产物进行了研究,采用硅胶柱色谱方法进行分离纯化,根据理化性质和光谱数据鉴定了化合物的结构,分别为环-（丙-缬）（1）,环-（色-脯）（2）,N-[2-（4-羟基苯基）乙基]乙酰胺（3）,对羟基苯乙酰胺（4）,4,8-二羟基-1-四氢萘醌（5）,3,4-二羟基苯甲酸甲酯（6）,麦角甾醇（7）和过氧化麦角甾醇（8）。化合物1~8均首次从该菌株中分离。

海洋来源真菌Aspergillus sp.SCSIO 41501中含氮化合物

通过多种色谱柱层析(包括凝胶Sephadex LH-20、正相硅胶、中压液相色谱和高效液相色谱)分离手段,从来源于南海柳珊瑚Melitodessquamata的一株共附生真菌Aspergillus sp.SCSIO 41501的发酵液中分离纯化了11个含氮化合物,它们的化学结构通过核磁共振和质谱等技术分别鉴定为13-(S)-赭曲霉素A(1)、13-(S)-甲酯化赭曲霉素A(2)、13-(R)-赭曲霉素A(3)、4-(R)-OH-赭曲霉素A(4)、18-OH-赭曲霉素A(5)、transtorine(6)、quinolactacin C1(7)、marinamide(8)、methyl marinamide(9)、aspergilliamide(10)、anoectochine(11)。所有化合物进行了抗菌实验,其中化合物2对大肠杆菌、枯草芽孢杆菌、金黄色葡萄球菌具有较强的活性,其MIC值分别为31.25、7.8、15.6μg/m L,化合物3显示中等抗菌活性,其MIC值分别为62.5、31.25、62.5μg/m L。

真菌Aspergillus fumigatus var .fumigatus的次生代谢产物(英文)

目的:研究西双版纳粗榧共生真菌Aspergillus fumigatusvar .fumigatus的次生代谢产物。方法:通过柱层析法分离发酵产物的化学成分,并利用波谱数据和文献数据对照鉴定化合物的结构。结果:分离到2个化合物,分别鉴定为trypacidin (1)及其衍生物1 ,2-seco-trypacidin (2)。结论:化合物2是新结构;并对文献中关于trypacidin的C-4和C-7a位碳谱数据的指定进行了更正。

响应面法优化Aspergillus niger X-6发酵生产菊粉酶工艺的研究

为提高Aspergillus niger X-6发酵生产菊粉酶的产率,运用Plackett-Burmen方法对麸皮、菊粉、蛋白胨、酵母膏添加量和发酵时间、温度、pH值、接种量8个影响因素进行考察,筛选出麸皮添加量、发酵时间和pH值为3个显著影响因素,然后采用Box-Behnken中心组合和响应面法对上述3个因素进行产酶条件的进一步优化,建立菊粉酶产率的二次多项式数学模型,并分析模型的有效性与因子间的交互作用。结果表明:黑曲霉发酵产菊粉酶的优化工艺参数为:麸皮添加量4.64%、发酵时间81.5h、pH6.0。在此条件下,产酶活力达20.42U/mL,与优化前相比提高了30.81%。

Inducing and Screening of High Producing Pectinase Aspergillus niger Strain

[Objective]The aim was to induce and screen the high producing pectinase Aspergillus niger Strain based on the original preservation strains.[Method]The original strain was induced by ultraviolet,and the highst enzyme activity and cultivated time were detected through the inspection of transparent circle and enzyme activity determination of flask fermentation.[Result] The enzyme activity of strain D1-4 achieved its highest after cultivated for 96 h in suitable conditions,which was 141.13 U/ml.[Conclusion] The induced strain D1-4 had the strong ability of producing pectinase.

Aspergillus ficuum菊粉酶酶学性质的研究

本实验对Aspergillus ficuum产菊粉酶体系中的外切菊粉酶和内切菊粉酶的酶学性质进行了研究,研究表明二者酶学性质非常相似:两种酶的最适反应温度均在45℃左右;外切菊粉酶的最适反应pH为4.5,内切菊粉酶为pH5.0;Ag^+完全抑制两种酶的活性,Fe^2+和Al^3+对两种酶有较强的抑制作用,尤其是外切菊粉酶,Mg^2+对两种酶有激活作用;实验还对两种酶的动力学常数进行了测定和比较。

Aspergillus ficuum内切菊粉酶的酶解条件优化及酶解动力学研究

采用Aspergillus ficuum内切型菊粉酶Endo-Ⅰ酶解商品菊粉制备低聚果糖,经正交试验确定其最适酶解条件为:pH5.0、温度45℃、底物浓度50g/L、加酶量10U/g,在此酶解条件下,低聚果糖得率可达70.37%,酶解产物以DP3和DP4为主,同时含有一定量的DP2、DP5、DP6、DP7、DP8;在此条件下酶解自制菊芋干粉时,低聚果糖得率为41.72%,酶解产物以DP3～DP6的低聚果糖为主,DP2含量很少,同时酶解液中还含有大量的果糖;在此条件下酶解自制菊芋提取液时,低聚果糖得率高达79.80%,酶解产物中除DP6含量较低外,其他各聚合度的低聚糖分布比较平均。在此相同酶解条件下酶解72h时,3种底物中,以菊芋提取液酶解后的低聚果糖得率最高。因此,应用Aspergillus ficuum内切型菊粉酶Endo-Ⅰ酶解菊芋制备低聚果糖宜选择菊芋提取液作底物。