Golden-flower fungus,the only dominant microorganism determining the Fu-brick tea quality through fermentation and the important microbe in Liupao tea,is considered a potential probiotic fungus based on its anti-obesi...Golden-flower fungus,the only dominant microorganism determining the Fu-brick tea quality through fermentation and the important microbe in Liupao tea,is considered a potential probiotic fungus based on its anti-obesity effect.However,the classification of golden-flower fungi is still controversial;the anti-obesity effect of golden-flower fungus polysaccharides remains unknown.In this study,we identify a golden-flower strain as Aspergillus cristatus based on morphological characteristics and multigene phylogeny analysis,which resolves the controversy of classification.Moreover,we find A.cristatus polysaccharides(ACPS)attenuate obesity in rats.ACPS modulate gut bacterial composition.in which Akkermansia,Akkermansia muciniphila,Bacteroides,Romboutsia,Blautia,and Desulfovibrio are considered the core microbes regulated by ACPS.ACPS increase fecal total short-chain fatty acid content and serum,hepatic,and fecal total bile acid content.Furthermore,ACPS-induced gut microbiota alteration plays a causal role in the protection from obesity,according to a fecal transplantation experiment.Thus,ACPS ameliorate obesity by regulating gut microbiota and gut microbiota-related metabolites.展开更多
BACKGROUND The gluten-free diet(GFD)has limitations,and there is intense research in the development of adjuvant therapies.AIM To examine the effects of orally administered Aspergillus niger prolyl endopeptidase prote...BACKGROUND The gluten-free diet(GFD)has limitations,and there is intense research in the development of adjuvant therapies.AIM To examine the effects of orally administered Aspergillus niger prolyl endopeptidase protease(AN-PEP)on inadvertent gluten exposure and symptom prevention in adult celiac disease(CeD)patients following their usual GFD.METHODS This was an exploratory,double-blind,randomized,placebo-controlled trial that enrolled CeD patients on a long-term GFD.After a 4-wk run-in period,patients were randomized to 4 wk of two AN-PEP capsules(GliadinX;AVI Research,LLC,United States)at each of three meals per day or placebo.Outcome endpoints were:(1)Average weekly stool gluten immunogenic peptides(GIP)between the run-in and end of treatments and between AN-PEP and placebo;(2)celiac symptom index(CSI);(3)CeD-specific serology;and(4)quality of life.Stool samples were collected for GIP testing by ELISA every Tuesday and Friday during run-ins and treatments.RESULTS Forty patients were randomized for the intention-to-treat analysis,and three were excluded from the per-protocol assessment.Overall,628/640(98.1%)stool samples were collected.GIP was undetectable(<0.08μg/g)in 65.6%of samples,and no differences between treatment arms were detected.Only 0.5%of samples had GIP concentrations sufficiently high(>0.32μg/g)to potentially cause mucosal damage.Median GIP concentration in the AN-PEP arm was 44.7%lower than in the run-in period.One-third of patients exhibiting GIP>0.08μg/g during run-in had lower or undetectable GIP after AN-PEP treatment.Compared with the run-in period,the proportion of symptomatic patients(CSI>38)in the AN-PEP arm was significantly lower(P<0.03).AN-PEP did not result in changes in specific serologies.CONCLUSION This exploratory study conducted in a real-life setting revealed high adherence to the GFD.The AN-PEP treatment did not significantly reduce the overall GIP stool concentration.However,given the observation of a significantly lower prevalence of patients with severe symptoms in the AN-PEP arm,further clinical research is warranted.展开更多
Background:Aspergillus fumigatus(Af)is one of the most ubiquitous fungi and its infection potency is suggested to be strongly controlled by the host genetic back-ground.The aim of this study was to search for candidat...Background:Aspergillus fumigatus(Af)is one of the most ubiquitous fungi and its infection potency is suggested to be strongly controlled by the host genetic back-ground.The aim of this study was to search for candidate genes associated with host susceptibility to Aspergillus fumigatus(Af)using an RNAseq approach in CC lines and hepatic gene expression.Methods:We studied 31 male mice from 25 CC lines at 8 weeks old;the mice were infected with Af.Liver tissues were extracted from these mice 5 days post-infection,and next-generation RNA-sequencing(RNAseq)was performed.The GENE-E analysis platform was used to generate a clustered heat map matrix.Results:Significant variation in body weight changes between CC lines was ob-served.Hepatic gene expression revealed 12 top prioritized candidate genes differ-entially expressed in resistant versus susceptible mice based on body weight changes.Interestingly,three candidate genes are located within genomic intervals of the previ-ously mapped quantitative trait loci(QTL),including Gm16270 and Stox1 on chromo-some 10 and Gm11033 on chromosome 8.Conclusions:Our findings emphasize the CC mouse model's power in fine mapping the genetic components underlying susceptibility towards Af.As a next step,eQTL analysis will be performed for our RNA-Seq data.Suggested candidate genes from our study will be further assessed with a human cohort with aspergillosis.展开更多
AIM:To explore whether CD3ε is involved in the adaptive immunity of Aspergillus fumigatus(A.fumigatus)keratitis in mice and the role of innate and adaptive immunity in it.METHODS:Mice models of A.fumigatus keratitis ...AIM:To explore whether CD3ε is involved in the adaptive immunity of Aspergillus fumigatus(A.fumigatus)keratitis in mice and the role of innate and adaptive immunity in it.METHODS:Mice models of A.fumigatus keratitis were established by intra-stromal injection and corneal epithelial scratching.Subconjunctival injections of natamycin,wedelolactone,LOX-1 inhibitor(poly I)or Dectin-1 inhibitor(laminarin)were used to treat mice with A.fumigatus keratitis.Mice were pretreated by intraperitoneal injection of anti-mouse CD3ε.We observed the corneal infection of mice under the slit lamp microscope and made a clinical score.The protein expression of CD3ε and interleukin-10(IL-10)was determined by Western blotting.RESULTS:With the disease progresses,the degree of corneal opacity and edema augmented.In the intrastromal injection models,CD3εprotein expression began to increase significantly on the 2^(nd) day.However,in the scraping epithelial method models,CD3ε only began to increase on the 3^(rd) day.After natamycin treatment,the degree of corneal inflammation in mice was significantly attenuated on the 3^(rd) day.After wedelolactone treatment,the severity of keratitis worsened.And the amount of CD3ε protein was also reduced,compared with the control group.By inhibiting LOX-1 and Dectin-1,there was no significant difference in CD3ε production compared with the control group.After inhibiting CD3ε,corneal ulcer area and clinical score increased,and IL-10 expression was downregulated.CONCLUSION:As a pan T cell marker,CD3ε participate in the adaptive immunity of A.fumigatus keratitis in mice.In our mice models,the corneas will enter the adaptive immune stage faster.By regulating IL-10,CD3ε exerts antiinflammatory and repairs effects in the adaptive immune stage.展开更多
对1株富产吲哚喹唑啉类生物碱(IQAs)的海绵共附生真菌Aspergillus giganteus MA 46-5的IQAs类成分进行了研究。根据IQAs的结构特征,在TLC、LC-MS和GNPS(global natural products social molecular networking)技术的共同指导下,从大米...对1株富产吲哚喹唑啉类生物碱(IQAs)的海绵共附生真菌Aspergillus giganteus MA 46-5的IQAs类成分进行了研究。根据IQAs的结构特征,在TLC、LC-MS和GNPS(global natural products social molecular networking)技术的共同指导下,从大米培养基的乙酸乙酯部位分离得到10个IQAs类生物碱。通过NMR、HR-ESI-MS、OR和CD等方法并结合文献比对鉴定其分别为:tryptoquivaline(1)、nortryptoquivaline(2)、deoxytryptoquivaline(3)、deoxynortryptoquivaline(4)、aspertoryadin C(5)、aspertoryadin G(6)、quinadoline A(7)、fiscalin E (8)、quinadoline B(9)和prelapatin B(10)。8和10为首次从Aspergillus属中得到,2、4~7为首次从Aspergillus giganteus中分离得到。展开更多
Background As demand for high quality animal feed continues to raise,it becomes increasingly important to mini-mize the environmental impact of feed production.An appealing sustainable approach to provide feed fractio...Background As demand for high quality animal feed continues to raise,it becomes increasingly important to mini-mize the environmental impact of feed production.An appealing sustainable approach to provide feed fractions is to use organic residues from agro-food industry.In this regard,volatile fatty acids(VFAs)such as acetic,propionic and butyric acids,derived from bioconversion of organic residues can be used as precursors for production of micro-bial protein with ruminant feed inclusion potential.This study aims to investigate the in vitro digestibility of the Asper-gillus oryzae edible fungal biomass cultivated on VFAs-derived from anaerobic digestion of residues.The produced fungal protein biomass,along with hay clover silage and rapeseed meal were subjected to various in vitro assays using two-stage Tilley and Terry(TT),gas,and bag methods to evaluate and compare its digestibility for application in ruminant feed.Results The produced fungal biomass contained a higher crude protein(CP)(41%–49%)and rather similar neutral detergent fiber(NDF)(41%–56%)compared to rapeseed meal.The rumen in vitro dry matter digestibility(IVDMD)of the fungal biomass in the TT method ranged from 82%to 88%(statistically similar to that of the gas method(72%to 85%)).The IVDMD of fungal biomass were up to 26%and 40%greater than that of hay clover silage and rapeseed meal,respectively.The type of substrate and bag method had pronounced effect on the fermentation products(ammonium-N(NH4+-N),total gas and VFAs).Fungal biomass digestion resulted in the highest release of NH4+-N(340–540 mg/L)and the ratio of acetate to propionate ratio(3.5)among subjected substrates.Conclusion The results indicate that gas method can be used as a reliable predictor for IVDMD as well as fermenta-tion products.Furthermore,the high IVDMD and fermentation product observed for Aspergillus oryzae fungal biomass digestion,suggest that the supplementation of fungal biomass will contribute to improving the rumen digestion by providing necessary nitrogen and energy to the ruminant and microbiota.展开更多
In order to grasp the distribution of Aspergillus flavus in the soil of peanut production areas in China,A.flavus biomarkers were tested on 555 soil samples from 37 sampling points in 17 provinces,peanut fields in fou...In order to grasp the distribution of Aspergillus flavus in the soil of peanut production areas in China,A.flavus biomarkers were tested on 555 soil samples from 37 sampling points in 17 provinces,peanut fields in four agroecological zones(Southern area,Yangtze River Basin,Northern area,Northeast area).The results showed that(1)the cultivation amount of A.flavus per gram of soil in the Yangtze River Basin is 1.30 times that of the southern area,1.56 times that of the northern area,and 6.20 times that of the northeast area,with obvious regional characteristics.(2)In the Yangtze River basin,the change of longitude in the east-west direction has no direct impact on the cultivation amount of A.flavus per gram of soil.(3)In the east coast,the A.flavus cultivated per gram of soil increased first and then decreased with the increase of latitude from south to north.(4)A.flavus can be isolated in the soil samples above 1000 m.Field pollution is an important source of aflatoxin contamination in peanut.The study on the distribution of A.flavus in soil in China could provide theoretical support for the early warning and prevention and control measures of aflatoxin contamination in peanut.展开更多
One new spirocyclic alkaloid,5-isopentenyl-cryptoechinuline D(1),along with 11 known compounds(2–12),were iso-lated from a marine fungus Aspergillus ruber TX-M4-1.The structures of compounds 1–12 were elucidated by ...One new spirocyclic alkaloid,5-isopentenyl-cryptoechinuline D(1),along with 11 known compounds(2–12),were iso-lated from a marine fungus Aspergillus ruber TX-M4-1.The structures of compounds 1–12 were elucidated by spectroscopic evi-dences.Compound 1 was initially isolated as an enantiomer,and further separation of 1 by chiral HPLC afforded a pair of enantio-mers,including(-)-5-isopentenyl-cryptoechinuline D(1a)and(+)-5-isopentenyl-cryptoechinuline D(1b).Their absolute configura-tions were elucidated by ECD spectroscopic data.Compounds 1a,5 and 10 could inhibit thioredoxin reductase(TrxR)activity with IC50 values of 6.2,36.3 and 18.6μmol L^(-1),respectively.Surface plasmon resonance(SPR)study also demonsrated the interactions between compounds 6,8 and Niemann-Pick C1 Like 1(NPC1L1)respectively,which indicate that compounds 6 and 8 are potential NPC1L1 inhibitors.展开更多
Many ethnic plants are used as a source of traditional medicine to cure a variety of illnesses in both humans and animals. Developing secondary metabolites in plants with antifungal characteristics, offer alternative ...Many ethnic plants are used as a source of traditional medicine to cure a variety of illnesses in both humans and animals. Developing secondary metabolites in plants with antifungal characteristics, offer alternative medications for reasonably priced and safe treatments. In the present study, methanolic, ethanolic, hexane and ethyl acetate leaves extracts of fifteen Apiaceae family plants were taken on the premise of their ethno botanical uses. The antifungal activity was assessed against significant fungal strain;Aspergillus fumigates by measuring minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) and Zone of inhibition compared with standard drug fluconazole. Ethanol and methanol extracts of the plants were more effective than the hexane and ethyl acetate extracts against A. fumigates. Extracts of Cuminum cyminum, Pastinca sativa, Carum carvi, Dacus carota, Centella asiatica, Anthriscus cerefolium, Trachyspermum ammi, Pimpenella anisum and Apium graveolens showed relatively low inhibition effects between 3.5 to 8.5 mm. The MIC value of extracts was determined ranging between 0.8 to 0.43 μg/ml. The extract of Petroselinum crispum, Foeniculum vulgare, Ferula assaefoetida, Bunium persicum, Anethum graveolens and Coriander sativum could be considered as potential source of antifungal compounds for treating diseases in humans. Conclude remarks that these six extracts show astonishing fungicidal properties that can be used to discover drugs of very high potential.展开更多
BACKGROUND Coronavirus disease 2019(COVID-19)-associated invasive pulmonary aspergillosis presents a diagnostic challenge due to its non-specific clinical/imaging features,as well as the fact that the proposed clinica...BACKGROUND Coronavirus disease 2019(COVID-19)-associated invasive pulmonary aspergillosis presents a diagnostic challenge due to its non-specific clinical/imaging features,as well as the fact that the proposed clinically diagnostic algorithms do not necessarily apply to COVID-19 patients.In addition,Fusarium spp.is a rare cause of opportunistic life-threatening fungal infections.Disseminated Fusarium infection in an immunocompromised host is intractable,with a high likelihood of resulting mortality.To our knowledge,this is the first case of secondary pulmonary infection by Fusarium solani(F.solani)and Aspergillus niger(A.niger)during systemic steroid treatment for COVID-19.CASE SUMMARY A 62-year-old male was transported to our hospital by ambulance with a complaint of fever and dyspnea.We established a diagnosis of pneumococcal pneumonia,complicated with COVID-19 and septic shock,together with acute renal failure.He was admitted to the intensive care unit,to be treated with piperacillin/tazobactam,vancomycin,and 6.6 mg per day of dexamethasone sodium phosphate,along with noradrenaline as a vasopressor,ventilator management,and continuous hemodiafiltration.His condition improved,and we finished the vasopressor on the fifth hospital day.We administered dexamethasone for ten days,and finished the course of treatment.On the eleventh day,patient respiratory deterioration was observed,and a computed tomography scan showed an exacerbation of bilateral ground-glass-opacity-like consolidation,together with newly appeared cavitary lesions in the lung.we changed antibiotics to meropenem plus vancomycin.In addition,a fungal infection was considered as a possibility based on microscopic findings of sputum,and we began coadministration of voriconazole.However,the pneumonia worsened,and the patient died on the seventeenth day of illness.Later,F.solani and A.niger were identified from sputum collected on the twelfth day.It was believed that he developed a cell-mediated immune deficiency during COVID-19 treatment,which led to the complication of pneumonia caused by the above-mentioned fungi,contributing to his death.CONCLUSION Because early initiation of intense antifungal therapy offers the best chance for survival in pulmonary fusariosis,computed tomography scans and appropriate microbiologic investigations should be obtained for severely immunocompromised patients.展开更多
基金financially supported by Natural Science Foundation of China (32002095 and 32172217)Major Project of Science and Technology of Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region (AA20302018)+4 种基金Key Research and Development Program of Hunan Province (2020WK2017)Hunan“Three Top”Innovative Talents Project (2022RC1142)Natural Science Foundation of Hunan Province for Outstanding Young Scholars (2022JJ20028)Training Program for Excellent Young Innovators of Changsha (kq2107015)Scientific Research Fund of the Hunan Provincial Education Department (20A241)。
文摘Golden-flower fungus,the only dominant microorganism determining the Fu-brick tea quality through fermentation and the important microbe in Liupao tea,is considered a potential probiotic fungus based on its anti-obesity effect.However,the classification of golden-flower fungi is still controversial;the anti-obesity effect of golden-flower fungus polysaccharides remains unknown.In this study,we identify a golden-flower strain as Aspergillus cristatus based on morphological characteristics and multigene phylogeny analysis,which resolves the controversy of classification.Moreover,we find A.cristatus polysaccharides(ACPS)attenuate obesity in rats.ACPS modulate gut bacterial composition.in which Akkermansia,Akkermansia muciniphila,Bacteroides,Romboutsia,Blautia,and Desulfovibrio are considered the core microbes regulated by ACPS.ACPS increase fecal total short-chain fatty acid content and serum,hepatic,and fecal total bile acid content.Furthermore,ACPS-induced gut microbiota alteration plays a causal role in the protection from obesity,according to a fecal transplantation experiment.Thus,ACPS ameliorate obesity by regulating gut microbiota and gut microbiota-related metabolites.
基金Supported by the Asociación de Celíacos y Sensibles al Gluten de Madrid,No.ACM2020)and Research Committee Argentine Society of Gastroenterology,No.2020.
文摘BACKGROUND The gluten-free diet(GFD)has limitations,and there is intense research in the development of adjuvant therapies.AIM To examine the effects of orally administered Aspergillus niger prolyl endopeptidase protease(AN-PEP)on inadvertent gluten exposure and symptom prevention in adult celiac disease(CeD)patients following their usual GFD.METHODS This was an exploratory,double-blind,randomized,placebo-controlled trial that enrolled CeD patients on a long-term GFD.After a 4-wk run-in period,patients were randomized to 4 wk of two AN-PEP capsules(GliadinX;AVI Research,LLC,United States)at each of three meals per day or placebo.Outcome endpoints were:(1)Average weekly stool gluten immunogenic peptides(GIP)between the run-in and end of treatments and between AN-PEP and placebo;(2)celiac symptom index(CSI);(3)CeD-specific serology;and(4)quality of life.Stool samples were collected for GIP testing by ELISA every Tuesday and Friday during run-ins and treatments.RESULTS Forty patients were randomized for the intention-to-treat analysis,and three were excluded from the per-protocol assessment.Overall,628/640(98.1%)stool samples were collected.GIP was undetectable(<0.08μg/g)in 65.6%of samples,and no differences between treatment arms were detected.Only 0.5%of samples had GIP concentrations sufficiently high(>0.32μg/g)to potentially cause mucosal damage.Median GIP concentration in the AN-PEP arm was 44.7%lower than in the run-in period.One-third of patients exhibiting GIP>0.08μg/g during run-in had lower or undetectable GIP after AN-PEP treatment.Compared with the run-in period,the proportion of symptomatic patients(CSI>38)in the AN-PEP arm was significantly lower(P<0.03).AN-PEP did not result in changes in specific serologies.CONCLUSION This exploratory study conducted in a real-life setting revealed high adherence to the GFD.The AN-PEP treatment did not significantly reduce the overall GIP stool concentration.However,given the observation of a significantly lower prevalence of patients with severe symptoms in the AN-PEP arm,further clinical research is warranted.
基金European Sequencing and Genotyping Institutes(ESGI),Grant/Award Number:075491/Z/04,085906/Z/08/Z and 090532/Z/09/ZTel-Aviv University(TAU)。
文摘Background:Aspergillus fumigatus(Af)is one of the most ubiquitous fungi and its infection potency is suggested to be strongly controlled by the host genetic back-ground.The aim of this study was to search for candidate genes associated with host susceptibility to Aspergillus fumigatus(Af)using an RNAseq approach in CC lines and hepatic gene expression.Methods:We studied 31 male mice from 25 CC lines at 8 weeks old;the mice were infected with Af.Liver tissues were extracted from these mice 5 days post-infection,and next-generation RNA-sequencing(RNAseq)was performed.The GENE-E analysis platform was used to generate a clustered heat map matrix.Results:Significant variation in body weight changes between CC lines was ob-served.Hepatic gene expression revealed 12 top prioritized candidate genes differ-entially expressed in resistant versus susceptible mice based on body weight changes.Interestingly,three candidate genes are located within genomic intervals of the previ-ously mapped quantitative trait loci(QTL),including Gm16270 and Stox1 on chromo-some 10 and Gm11033 on chromosome 8.Conclusions:Our findings emphasize the CC mouse model's power in fine mapping the genetic components underlying susceptibility towards Af.As a next step,eQTL analysis will be performed for our RNA-Seq data.Suggested candidate genes from our study will be further assessed with a human cohort with aspergillosis.
基金Supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.82171019)the Natural Science Foundation of Shandong Province(No.ZR2021MH368)+1 种基金Traditional Chinese Medicine Research Project of Qingdao(No.2020-zyy055)Shandong Qingdao Outstanding Health Professional Development Fund.
文摘AIM:To explore whether CD3ε is involved in the adaptive immunity of Aspergillus fumigatus(A.fumigatus)keratitis in mice and the role of innate and adaptive immunity in it.METHODS:Mice models of A.fumigatus keratitis were established by intra-stromal injection and corneal epithelial scratching.Subconjunctival injections of natamycin,wedelolactone,LOX-1 inhibitor(poly I)or Dectin-1 inhibitor(laminarin)were used to treat mice with A.fumigatus keratitis.Mice were pretreated by intraperitoneal injection of anti-mouse CD3ε.We observed the corneal infection of mice under the slit lamp microscope and made a clinical score.The protein expression of CD3ε and interleukin-10(IL-10)was determined by Western blotting.RESULTS:With the disease progresses,the degree of corneal opacity and edema augmented.In the intrastromal injection models,CD3εprotein expression began to increase significantly on the 2^(nd) day.However,in the scraping epithelial method models,CD3ε only began to increase on the 3^(rd) day.After natamycin treatment,the degree of corneal inflammation in mice was significantly attenuated on the 3^(rd) day.After wedelolactone treatment,the severity of keratitis worsened.And the amount of CD3ε protein was also reduced,compared with the control group.By inhibiting LOX-1 and Dectin-1,there was no significant difference in CD3ε production compared with the control group.After inhibiting CD3ε,corneal ulcer area and clinical score increased,and IL-10 expression was downregulated.CONCLUSION:As a pan T cell marker,CD3ε participate in the adaptive immunity of A.fumigatus keratitis in mice.In our mice models,the corneas will enter the adaptive immune stage faster.By regulating IL-10,CD3ε exerts antiinflammatory and repairs effects in the adaptive immune stage.
基金Open access funding provided by University of Boras
文摘Background As demand for high quality animal feed continues to raise,it becomes increasingly important to mini-mize the environmental impact of feed production.An appealing sustainable approach to provide feed fractions is to use organic residues from agro-food industry.In this regard,volatile fatty acids(VFAs)such as acetic,propionic and butyric acids,derived from bioconversion of organic residues can be used as precursors for production of micro-bial protein with ruminant feed inclusion potential.This study aims to investigate the in vitro digestibility of the Asper-gillus oryzae edible fungal biomass cultivated on VFAs-derived from anaerobic digestion of residues.The produced fungal protein biomass,along with hay clover silage and rapeseed meal were subjected to various in vitro assays using two-stage Tilley and Terry(TT),gas,and bag methods to evaluate and compare its digestibility for application in ruminant feed.Results The produced fungal biomass contained a higher crude protein(CP)(41%–49%)and rather similar neutral detergent fiber(NDF)(41%–56%)compared to rapeseed meal.The rumen in vitro dry matter digestibility(IVDMD)of the fungal biomass in the TT method ranged from 82%to 88%(statistically similar to that of the gas method(72%to 85%)).The IVDMD of fungal biomass were up to 26%and 40%greater than that of hay clover silage and rapeseed meal,respectively.The type of substrate and bag method had pronounced effect on the fermentation products(ammonium-N(NH4+-N),total gas and VFAs).Fungal biomass digestion resulted in the highest release of NH4+-N(340–540 mg/L)and the ratio of acetate to propionate ratio(3.5)among subjected substrates.Conclusion The results indicate that gas method can be used as a reliable predictor for IVDMD as well as fermenta-tion products.Furthermore,the high IVDMD and fermentation product observed for Aspergillus oryzae fungal biomass digestion,suggest that the supplementation of fungal biomass will contribute to improving the rumen digestion by providing necessary nitrogen and energy to the ruminant and microbiota.
基金the National Key R&D Program of China(2022YFF1100702)Major project of Hubei Hongshan Laboratory(2021hszd015),National Natural Sciences Foundation of China(32030085,U22A20551)+1 种基金Agricultural Science and Technology Innovation Program of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences(CAASASTIP-2021-OCRI)Knowledge Innovation Program of Wuhan-Shuguang Project(3570).
文摘In order to grasp the distribution of Aspergillus flavus in the soil of peanut production areas in China,A.flavus biomarkers were tested on 555 soil samples from 37 sampling points in 17 provinces,peanut fields in four agroecological zones(Southern area,Yangtze River Basin,Northern area,Northeast area).The results showed that(1)the cultivation amount of A.flavus per gram of soil in the Yangtze River Basin is 1.30 times that of the southern area,1.56 times that of the northern area,and 6.20 times that of the northeast area,with obvious regional characteristics.(2)In the Yangtze River basin,the change of longitude in the east-west direction has no direct impact on the cultivation amount of A.flavus per gram of soil.(3)In the east coast,the A.flavus cultivated per gram of soil increased first and then decreased with the increase of latitude from south to north.(4)A.flavus can be isolated in the soil samples above 1000 m.Field pollution is an important source of aflatoxin contamination in peanut.The study on the distribution of A.flavus in soil in China could provide theoretical support for the early warning and prevention and control measures of aflatoxin contamination in peanut.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.82204276)the Guangxi Natural Science Foundation(No.2021GXNSFBA075036)+4 种基金the Specific Research Project of Guangxi for Research Bases and Talents(Nos.AD22035018,AD20297036)the 2021 University-Level Scientific Research Projects of Guangxi Minzu University(No.2021MDKJ003)the Talent Scientific Research Initiation Project of Guangxi Minzu University(No.2021KJQD09)the Xiangsi Lake Youth Innovation Team Project of Guangxi Minzu University(No.2021 RSCXSHQN01)the Guangxi Scholarship Fund of Guangxi Education Department.
文摘One new spirocyclic alkaloid,5-isopentenyl-cryptoechinuline D(1),along with 11 known compounds(2–12),were iso-lated from a marine fungus Aspergillus ruber TX-M4-1.The structures of compounds 1–12 were elucidated by spectroscopic evi-dences.Compound 1 was initially isolated as an enantiomer,and further separation of 1 by chiral HPLC afforded a pair of enantio-mers,including(-)-5-isopentenyl-cryptoechinuline D(1a)and(+)-5-isopentenyl-cryptoechinuline D(1b).Their absolute configura-tions were elucidated by ECD spectroscopic data.Compounds 1a,5 and 10 could inhibit thioredoxin reductase(TrxR)activity with IC50 values of 6.2,36.3 and 18.6μmol L^(-1),respectively.Surface plasmon resonance(SPR)study also demonsrated the interactions between compounds 6,8 and Niemann-Pick C1 Like 1(NPC1L1)respectively,which indicate that compounds 6 and 8 are potential NPC1L1 inhibitors.
文摘Many ethnic plants are used as a source of traditional medicine to cure a variety of illnesses in both humans and animals. Developing secondary metabolites in plants with antifungal characteristics, offer alternative medications for reasonably priced and safe treatments. In the present study, methanolic, ethanolic, hexane and ethyl acetate leaves extracts of fifteen Apiaceae family plants were taken on the premise of their ethno botanical uses. The antifungal activity was assessed against significant fungal strain;Aspergillus fumigates by measuring minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) and Zone of inhibition compared with standard drug fluconazole. Ethanol and methanol extracts of the plants were more effective than the hexane and ethyl acetate extracts against A. fumigates. Extracts of Cuminum cyminum, Pastinca sativa, Carum carvi, Dacus carota, Centella asiatica, Anthriscus cerefolium, Trachyspermum ammi, Pimpenella anisum and Apium graveolens showed relatively low inhibition effects between 3.5 to 8.5 mm. The MIC value of extracts was determined ranging between 0.8 to 0.43 μg/ml. The extract of Petroselinum crispum, Foeniculum vulgare, Ferula assaefoetida, Bunium persicum, Anethum graveolens and Coriander sativum could be considered as potential source of antifungal compounds for treating diseases in humans. Conclude remarks that these six extracts show astonishing fungicidal properties that can be used to discover drugs of very high potential.
文摘BACKGROUND Coronavirus disease 2019(COVID-19)-associated invasive pulmonary aspergillosis presents a diagnostic challenge due to its non-specific clinical/imaging features,as well as the fact that the proposed clinically diagnostic algorithms do not necessarily apply to COVID-19 patients.In addition,Fusarium spp.is a rare cause of opportunistic life-threatening fungal infections.Disseminated Fusarium infection in an immunocompromised host is intractable,with a high likelihood of resulting mortality.To our knowledge,this is the first case of secondary pulmonary infection by Fusarium solani(F.solani)and Aspergillus niger(A.niger)during systemic steroid treatment for COVID-19.CASE SUMMARY A 62-year-old male was transported to our hospital by ambulance with a complaint of fever and dyspnea.We established a diagnosis of pneumococcal pneumonia,complicated with COVID-19 and septic shock,together with acute renal failure.He was admitted to the intensive care unit,to be treated with piperacillin/tazobactam,vancomycin,and 6.6 mg per day of dexamethasone sodium phosphate,along with noradrenaline as a vasopressor,ventilator management,and continuous hemodiafiltration.His condition improved,and we finished the vasopressor on the fifth hospital day.We administered dexamethasone for ten days,and finished the course of treatment.On the eleventh day,patient respiratory deterioration was observed,and a computed tomography scan showed an exacerbation of bilateral ground-glass-opacity-like consolidation,together with newly appeared cavitary lesions in the lung.we changed antibiotics to meropenem plus vancomycin.In addition,a fungal infection was considered as a possibility based on microscopic findings of sputum,and we began coadministration of voriconazole.However,the pneumonia worsened,and the patient died on the seventeenth day of illness.Later,F.solani and A.niger were identified from sputum collected on the twelfth day.It was believed that he developed a cell-mediated immune deficiency during COVID-19 treatment,which led to the complication of pneumonia caused by the above-mentioned fungi,contributing to his death.CONCLUSION Because early initiation of intense antifungal therapy offers the best chance for survival in pulmonary fusariosis,computed tomography scans and appropriate microbiologic investigations should be obtained for severely immunocompromised patients.