Black rockfish Sebastes schlegelii juveniles （30-40 mm total length） were immersed in a range of calcein （CAL） solutions at concentrations ranging from 50 to 250 mg/L and alizarin red S （ARS） solutions at concen...Black rockfish Sebastes schlegelii juveniles （30-40 mm total length） were immersed in a range of calcein （CAL） solutions at concentrations ranging from 50 to 250 mg/L and alizarin red S （ARS） solutions at concentrations ranging from 100 to 500 mg/L in filtered seawater （salinity 30） for 24 h. Fluorescent marks were detected in otoliths （sagittae, asteriscus）, scales, fin rays （dorsal, pectoral, ventral, anal, and caudal fin rays）, and fin spines （dorsal, ventral, and anal fin spines） after a 60-d growth experiment. With the exception of 50-100 rng/L CAL, acceptable marks were produced in the otoliths and fin spines by all concentrations of CAL and ARS. In particular, marks were clearly visible under normal light in the sagittae, asteriscus, and fin spines offish immersed in 200 500 mg/L, 300-500 rag/L, and 200-500 mg/LARS, respectively. Scales and fin rays had acceptable marks at much higher concentrations （≥50 mg/L CAL, ≥300 mg/L ARS for scales and ≥50 mg/L CAL,≥200 mg/L ARS for fin rays）. The mark quality was highest （i.e., acceptable marks were observed in all sampled structures after immersion marking） in fish immersed in 150-250 mg/L CAL or 300-500 mg/LARS. In addition, there was no significant difference in survival and growth of marked fish compared with controls 60 d post-marking （P〉0.05）.展开更多
Objective:This study aimed to explore the effects of different types of palatal lateral excisions on the growth and development of the maxilla and dental arch, and to investigate the underlying mechanisms. Methods: A ...Objective:This study aimed to explore the effects of different types of palatal lateral excisions on the growth and development of the maxilla and dental arch, and to investigate the underlying mechanisms. Methods: A total of 112 3-week-old Sprague-Dawley (SD) male rats were randomly divided into a control and 3 experimental groups: the mucoperiosteal denudation group, the mucosal flap excision group, and the periosteum excision group. In the experimental groups, bilateral mucoperiosteal, mucosal flap and periosteum were excised respectively in the lateral one half of the palate. Four rats in each group were randomly chosen for sacrifice every two weeks. The maxilla was dissected following the excision. The widths of the maxilla and dental arch were measured and the histological phenomena were investigated at different phases. At the same time, 12 animals in each group were sequentially injected with calcein every two weeks. Three animals in each group, whose fluorescent labeling was used, were sacrificed for investigating bone formation at Week 8 following injection. Results: (1) Each experimental group presented the constriction of the maxilla and dental arch. The upper first molars in the experimental groups inclined medially. The mucoperio-steal denudation group showed the largest degree of effect followed by the periosteum excision group. The indices of the mucosal flap excision group, which retained the structures of the periosteum layer, had the most approximate values to the control group; (2) Different histological changes among the experimental groups were detected. The fibers penetrated into the palatal bone as Sharpey's fibers in the mucoperiosteal denudation group. The pattern of bone deposition was the bundle type. Sharpey's fibers were not found in the mucosal flap and periosteum excision groups and the depositions of palatal bone were the lamellar type as those in the control group; (3) The rates of bone deposition in the experimental groups decreased compared with the control group. The rates in different phases were the most approximate values to those of the control group in the mucosal flap excision group, which has the same structure of periosteum as the control group. Conclusion: There were different effects on the growth and development of the maxilla and dental arch in different types of palatal lateral excisions. Periosteum is important for bone for-mation and deposition pattern. The prevention of Sharpey's fibers forming and attaching to the palatine can effectively avert the following malformation.展开更多
P-Glycoprotein/MDR1 represents an important component of the blood brain barrier and contributes to multidrug resistance.We investigated two derivatives of the anti-malarial artemisinin,SM616 and GHP-AJM-3/23,concerni...P-Glycoprotein/MDR1 represents an important component of the blood brain barrier and contributes to multidrug resistance.We investigated two derivatives of the anti-malarial artemisinin,SM616 and GHP-AJM-3/23,concerning their ability to interact with P-glycoprotein.The ability of the two compounds to inhibit P-glycoprotein(P-gp)activity was examined in sensitive CCRF-CEM and P-gp over-expressing and multidrug-resistant CEM/ADR5000 cells as well as in porcine brain capillary endothelial cells(PBCEC)by means of calcein-AM assays.Verapamil as well-known P-gp inhibitor was used as control drug.CEM/ADR5000 cells exhibited cross-resistance to GHP-AJM-3/23,but slight collateral sensitivity to SM616.Furthermore,SM616 inhibited calcein efflux both in CEM/ADR5000 and PBCEC,whereas GHP-AJM-3/23 did only increase calcein fluorescence in PBCEC,but not CEM/ADR5000.This may be explained by the fact that CEM/ADR5000 only express P-gp but not other ATP-binding cassette transporters,whereas PBCEC are known to express several ABC transporters and calcein is transported by more than one ABC transporter.Hence,SM616 may be the more specific P-gp inhibitor.In conclusion,the collateral sensitivity of SM616 as well as the inhibition of calcein efflux in both CEM/ADR5000 cells and PBCEC indicate that this compound may be a promising P-gp inhibitor to treat cancer therapy and to overcome the blood brain barrier.展开更多
基金Supported by the Special Fund for Agro-scientific Research in the Public Interest(No.201003068)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.31172447,41176117)
文摘Black rockfish Sebastes schlegelii juveniles （30-40 mm total length） were immersed in a range of calcein （CAL） solutions at concentrations ranging from 50 to 250 mg/L and alizarin red S （ARS） solutions at concentrations ranging from 100 to 500 mg/L in filtered seawater （salinity 30） for 24 h. Fluorescent marks were detected in otoliths （sagittae, asteriscus）, scales, fin rays （dorsal, pectoral, ventral, anal, and caudal fin rays）, and fin spines （dorsal, ventral, and anal fin spines） after a 60-d growth experiment. With the exception of 50-100 rng/L CAL, acceptable marks were produced in the otoliths and fin spines by all concentrations of CAL and ARS. In particular, marks were clearly visible under normal light in the sagittae, asteriscus, and fin spines offish immersed in 200 500 mg/L, 300-500 rag/L, and 200-500 mg/LARS, respectively. Scales and fin rays had acceptable marks at much higher concentrations （≥50 mg/L CAL, ≥300 mg/L ARS for scales and ≥50 mg/L CAL,≥200 mg/L ARS for fin rays）. The mark quality was highest （i.e., acceptable marks were observed in all sampled structures after immersion marking） in fish immersed in 150-250 mg/L CAL or 300-500 mg/LARS. In addition, there was no significant difference in survival and growth of marked fish compared with controls 60 d post-marking （P〉0.05）.
文摘Objective:This study aimed to explore the effects of different types of palatal lateral excisions on the growth and development of the maxilla and dental arch, and to investigate the underlying mechanisms. Methods: A total of 112 3-week-old Sprague-Dawley (SD) male rats were randomly divided into a control and 3 experimental groups: the mucoperiosteal denudation group, the mucosal flap excision group, and the periosteum excision group. In the experimental groups, bilateral mucoperiosteal, mucosal flap and periosteum were excised respectively in the lateral one half of the palate. Four rats in each group were randomly chosen for sacrifice every two weeks. The maxilla was dissected following the excision. The widths of the maxilla and dental arch were measured and the histological phenomena were investigated at different phases. At the same time, 12 animals in each group were sequentially injected with calcein every two weeks. Three animals in each group, whose fluorescent labeling was used, were sacrificed for investigating bone formation at Week 8 following injection. Results: (1) Each experimental group presented the constriction of the maxilla and dental arch. The upper first molars in the experimental groups inclined medially. The mucoperio-steal denudation group showed the largest degree of effect followed by the periosteum excision group. The indices of the mucosal flap excision group, which retained the structures of the periosteum layer, had the most approximate values to the control group; (2) Different histological changes among the experimental groups were detected. The fibers penetrated into the palatal bone as Sharpey's fibers in the mucoperiosteal denudation group. The pattern of bone deposition was the bundle type. Sharpey's fibers were not found in the mucosal flap and periosteum excision groups and the depositions of palatal bone were the lamellar type as those in the control group; (3) The rates of bone deposition in the experimental groups decreased compared with the control group. The rates in different phases were the most approximate values to those of the control group in the mucosal flap excision group, which has the same structure of periosteum as the control group. Conclusion: There were different effects on the growth and development of the maxilla and dental arch in different types of palatal lateral excisions. Periosteum is important for bone for-mation and deposition pattern. The prevention of Sharpey's fibers forming and attaching to the palatine can effectively avert the following malformation.
文摘P-Glycoprotein/MDR1 represents an important component of the blood brain barrier and contributes to multidrug resistance.We investigated two derivatives of the anti-malarial artemisinin,SM616 and GHP-AJM-3/23,concerning their ability to interact with P-glycoprotein.The ability of the two compounds to inhibit P-glycoprotein(P-gp)activity was examined in sensitive CCRF-CEM and P-gp over-expressing and multidrug-resistant CEM/ADR5000 cells as well as in porcine brain capillary endothelial cells(PBCEC)by means of calcein-AM assays.Verapamil as well-known P-gp inhibitor was used as control drug.CEM/ADR5000 cells exhibited cross-resistance to GHP-AJM-3/23,but slight collateral sensitivity to SM616.Furthermore,SM616 inhibited calcein efflux both in CEM/ADR5000 and PBCEC,whereas GHP-AJM-3/23 did only increase calcein fluorescence in PBCEC,but not CEM/ADR5000.This may be explained by the fact that CEM/ADR5000 only express P-gp but not other ATP-binding cassette transporters,whereas PBCEC are known to express several ABC transporters and calcein is transported by more than one ABC transporter.Hence,SM616 may be the more specific P-gp inhibitor.In conclusion,the collateral sensitivity of SM616 as well as the inhibition of calcein efflux in both CEM/ADR5000 cells and PBCEC indicate that this compound may be a promising P-gp inhibitor to treat cancer therapy and to overcome the blood brain barrier.
