New 4-imino-4H-Chromeno[2,3-d]Pyrimidin-3(5H)-Amine: Synthesis, Cytotoxic Effects on Tumoral Cell Lines and in Silico ADMET Properties

The synthesis of new 4-imino-4H-chromeno[2,3-d]pyrimidin-3(5H)-amine in four steps including one step under microwave dielectric heating is reported. The structural identity of the synthesized compounds was established according to their spectroscopic analysis, such as FT-IR, NMR and mass spectroscopy. These new compounds were tested for their antiproliferative activities on seven representative human tumoral cell lines (Huh7 D12, Caco2, MDA-MB231, MDA-MB468, HCT116, PC3 and MCF7) and also on fibroblasts. Among them, only the compounds 6c showed micromolar cytotoxic activity on tumor cell lines (1.8 50 50 > 25 μM). Finally, in silico ADMET studies ware performed to investigate the possibility of using of the identified compound 6c as potential anti-tumor compound.

Contragestazol (DL111-IT) inhibits proliferation of human androgen-independent prostate cancer cell line PC3 in vitro and in vivo

Aim： To evaluate the antiproliferative activity of contragestazol （DL111-IT） on the human prostate cancer cell line PC3 in vitro and in vivo and to elucidate its potential molecular mechanisms. Methods： The cell killing ability of DL111-IT was measured by the 3-（4,5-dimethylthia-zol,2-yl）-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide （MTT） reagent assay method and the tumor xenograft model. The cell cycle was analyzed by flow cytometry and protein expression, including retinoblastoma （pRb）, cyclin-dependent kinase 4 （CDK4） and cyclin D 1, was detected by Western blotting. Results： DL111-IT exhibited high efficiency on cell growth inhibition of the human androgen-independent prostate cancer cell line PC3. The drug concentration that yielded 50 % cell inhibition （IC50 value） was 9.9 mg/mL. In the PC3 tumor xenograft study, DL111-IT （1.25 mg/kg-20.0 mg/kg） given once a day for 10 days significantly inhibited tumor growth, with the inhibition rate ranging from 21% to 50 %. Flow cytometric analysis indicated that DL111-IT could cause GI arrest in the PC3 cell line, but not apoptosis. DL111-IT enhanced pRb expression and down-regulated CDK4 and cyclin D 1 expression, suggesting that cell cycle regulation might contribute to the anticancer property of DL 111- IT. Conclusion： DL111-1T inhibits the proliferation of human androgen-independent prostate cancer cell line PC3 in vitro and in vivo by a cell cycle regulation pathway.

Effect of DRB on the Biological Characteristics of Human Laryngeal Carcinoma Hep-2 Cell Line

In order to study the effect of 5, 6-Dichloro-l-13-D-ribofuranosyl-benzimidazole （DRB） on the biological characteristics of human laryngeal carcinoma Hep-2 cell line in vitro, Hep-2 cells cultured in vitro were treated with different concentrations of DRB. Changes in cell proliferation, apoptotic rate and invasiveness were detected by MTT assay, flow cytometry （FCM） and matrigel in vitro invasion assay, respectively. It was found that DRB inhibited the proliferation of Hep-2 cells in a dose- and time-dependent manner. After being treated with 0, 10, 20, 40, 80 μmmol/L DRB for 24 h, the apoptotic rate in Hep-2 cells was （0.68±0.19）%, （1.95±0.12）%, （8.51±0.26）%, （11.26±0.17）% and （14.99±0.32）%, respectively. The matrigel in vitro invasion assay revealed that DRB began to inhibit the invasion of Hep-2 cells at the concentration of 5 μmmol/L, and with the increase of DRB concentration, the inhibitory effect was enhanced. It was suggested that DRB could influence the essential biological characteristics of Hep-2 cells, inhibit Hep-2 cells proliferation, reduce invasive ability and induce apoptosis of Hep-2 cells.

Cytotoxicity study of ethanol extract of the stem bark of asam kandis (Garcinia cowa Roxb.) on T47D breast cancer cell line

Objective:To investigate the cytotoxic effect of ethanol extract of the stem bark of asam kandis[Garcinia cowa Roxb.(G.cowa)]on T47 D breast cancer cell line.Methods:The cytotoxicity of ethanol extract was carried out against human breast cancer cell line(T47D) by 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide colorimetric assay.The extract was added at various concentrations(0.1.1,10 and 100 μg/mL).The level of cytotoxicity was determined by calculating the level of IC_(50),that was based on the percentage of the cell death after 24 h treatment with the extract.Cell morphological changes were observed by using inverted microscope.Results:The 3-(4.5-dimelhylthiazol-2-yl)-2.5-diphenyltelrazolium bromide assay showed that ethanol extract of G.cowa exhibited significant cytotoxic effect on T47 D with IC_(50) value of(5.10+1.68) μg/mL.Morphological alteration of the cell lines after exposure to ethanol extract of G.cowa was observed under phase contrast microscope in a dosc-dependent manner.ConclusionsThe results suggest the possible use of ethanol extract of asam kandis for preparing herbal medicine for cancer-related ailments.

Human embryonic stem cell lines with ccr5-del32 allele conferring resistance to HIV

A 32bp deletion in the chemokine receptor 5 (CCR5) gene (CMKBR5) was shown to be linked to HIV resistance. Bone marrow transplantation from the homozygous CCR5-del32 donor to a CDC Stage 2 HIV-positive recipient was demonstrated to confer a HIV resistance, resulting in discontinuation of antiretroviral therapy. In search for an unlimited source of CCR5-del32 cells for transplantation purposes, we tested 137 human embryonic stem cell (hESC) lines from the Reproductive Genetics Institute’s hESC lines collection, and report here the finding of 12 hESC lines with the CCR5-del32 allele, one of which represents a unique partenogenetic ESC line containing two copies of this deletion and may be studied for utility in stem cell transplantation treatment of HIV.

ESTABLISHMENT OF A HUMAN B CELL LINE THAT RESPONDS SPECIFICALLY TO B CELL GROWTH FACTOR

A human B cell line （3D5） that responds specifically to B cell growth factor （BCGF） hasbeen developed by a sequence of Staphylococcus aureus Cowen I activation,EB virus im-mortalization,and cloning.Proliferative response to PHA-stimulated T cell supernatant（PHA-T-Sup） and nonresponsiveness to rIL-2 stimulation were factors used to screen positivecells.Phenotype analysis with a flow cytometer indicated that:1) 3D5 is a B cell line:100% of the cells were positive for B1 marker and 59% were positive for sIg,while T3and Mo 1 were negative:2) 3D5 is an activated B cell line:both Tac and 4F2 markersof activated （but not of resting） B cells were 100% positive:3) 3D5 expresses high molecularweight BCGF （HMW-BCGF） receptor-associated epitope BA5.3D5 cells proliferated inresponse to cpBCGF stimulation in a dose-dependent manner.HMW-BCGF also induced3D5 cells to proliferate.Interestingly.no proliferation could be detected in the presenceof rIL-2,rIL-4,or rIFN-r.The data show that 3D5 cells are specifically BCGF-responsiveB cells.Using 3D5 cells as target,BCGF activity was detected in crude BCGF preparationsedimented by 85% （NH4）2SO4 and chromatographed in a DEAE-Sephadex A-25 column fromPHA-T-Sup.T24 cell supernatant with B cell differentiation factor （BCDF） activity couldnot induce 3D5 cells to differentiate into immunoglobulin-secreting cells.

非病毒载体介导的人凝血因子Ⅷ基因在小鼠32D细胞系中的表达

为了观察非病毒载体 pRC/RSV介导的人凝血因子Ⅷ基因在小鼠 32D细胞系中的表达 ,将B结构域缺失(△ 76 0aa - 16 39aa)的人FⅧcDNA(hFⅧBDcDNA)亚克隆至质粒载体pRC/RSV ,构建重组质粒载体 pRC/RSV hFⅧBDcDNA。经SuperFectTransfectionReagent转染小鼠 32D细胞系 ,分别采用一期法、ELISA法和RT PCR检测细胞培养上清液中人FⅧ的促凝活性 (hFⅧ∶C)和抗原含量 (hFⅧ∶Ag)以及细胞中hFⅧBDcDNA的转录。结果表明 :小鼠 32D细胞系培养上清液中的人FⅧ∶Ag最高达到了 4 5 0 .0 8毫微克 /(10 6细胞·2 4小时 ) ,hFⅧ∶C最高达到了 2 .0 1单位 /(10 6细胞·2 4小时 ) ,RT PCR可检测到 32D细胞中hFⅧBDcDNA转录的mRNA。结论 :非病毒质粒载体 pRC/RSV介导的人凝血因子Ⅷ基因能够在小鼠 32D细胞系中表达人FⅧ蛋白 ,所表达的FⅧ与正常人血浆中的野生型FⅧ具有相似的凝血活性。

Advancing Environmental Toxicology In Vitro:From Immortalized Cancer Cell Lines to 3D Models Derived from Stem Cells

In recent years,rapid industrial development has resulted in the production and exposure of a substantial number of compounds to the human body.This has created an urgent need in environmental toxicology for models that are efficient,accurate,and cost-effective in evaluating the health impacts of these compounds on humans.Over the past seven decades,various cancer cell lines and immortalized cell lines have made significant contributions to the advancement of research on organ toxicity.Pluripotent stem cell technology,especially toxicological models derived from pluripotent stem cells,presents modern environmental toxicologists with high-throughput,species-relevant,and predictive options.In this comprehensive review,we assess the characteristics of representative human cancer cell lines and immortalized cell lines in environmental toxicology,as well as introduce two distinct human pluripotent stem cell types and their innovative toxicological models.We explore their applications and prospects in the field of environmental toxicology,while also addressing the readiness of in vitro models to confront the emerging challenges of the future.

Effect of 1,25(OH)_2D_3 on the growth and apoptosis of breast cancer cell line MCF-7

Objective To study the effect of 1,25 dihydroxyvitamin D 3 (1,25(OH) 2D 3) on the growth and apoptosis of breast cancer cell line MCF 7 Methods Cell number was determined using the MTT method Flow cytometric analysis was performed on cell cycles, and the percentage of apoptosis was counted Apoptotic cells were quantified by terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase mediated dUTP nick end labeling (TUNEL), and bcl 2 protein expression was estimated with Western blotting Results After incubation with 1,25(OH) 2D 3 10 7 mol/L for 48 hours, MCF 7 cells exhibited significant growth in a dose and time dependent manner Flow cytometric analysis indicated that cell numbers in G 0/G 1 increased along with increasing apoptotic peak and percentage With microscope and electron microscope observation, characteristics of apoptosis such as typical apoptotic bodies were commonly found TUNEL also showed that 1,25(OH) 2D 3 10 8 mol/L and 10 7 mol/L groups had significantly high apoptosis percentage than control group with dose dependence on induction apoptosis And Western blot showed that 1,25(OH) 2D 3 10 8 mol/L could down regulate bcl 2 protein and 10 7 mol/L could almost block bcl 2 protein expression Conclusions 1,25(OH) 2D 3 can inhibit cell growth with G 0/G 1 arrest, enhance the proliferation inhibition action of adriamycin, and induce apoptosis which may result from the down regulation of the anti apoptotic bcl 2 protein

A novel cytochrome P450 gene from Catharanthus roseus cell line C_(20)hi:cloning and characterization of expression

An expressed sequence tag(EST)obtained from a subtractive-suppression hybridization cDNA library constructed using Catharanthus roseus cell line C_(20)hi and its parental cell line C_(20)D was used to clone a ful-length cytochrome P450 cDNA of cyp71d1.The encoded polypeptide contained 507 amino acids with 39-56% identity to other CYP7ID subfamily members at the.amino acid level.Expression characteristics of cyp71d1 were determined using semi-quantitative RT-PCR.The cyp71d1 transcript was expressed in all three cell lines with the highest level in the cell line C_(20)hi.In the mature C.roseus plant,the cyp71d1 cDNA was highly expressed in petals,roots and stems,but very weakly expressed in young leaves.Its transcription level increased with the development of flowers.2,4-D could down-regulate the transcription of cyp71d1,as did KT,but only to a minor degree.Neither light nor yeast elicitor could induce the transcription of cyp71d1.

Notch分子与其配体在32D细胞分化过程中的作用

目的 探讨Notch信号传导系统的作用机制及其对造血系统的影响。方法 将报告基因TP1瞬时转染Notch1 CHO和Notch2 CHO细胞后 ,分别加入转染有不同Notch配体Delta1、Delta4、Jagged1、Jagged2的CHO细胞及正常未转染的CHO细胞 ,使Notch分子与其配体充分结合并发挥作用 ,加入发光底物PGL 10 0 ,用Lumat测定发光情况。将Notch1 32D细胞加入含G CSF培养液的CHO、Jagged2 CHO及Delta4 CHO细胞中 ,观察Notch1 32D细胞分化及分化抑制情况。结果 5种Notch配体与Notch1结合后均能引起荧光素酶活性增高 ,Jagged2 CHO、Delta4 CHO1 4、Delta4 CHO1 5尤为明显。对Notch2来讲 ,5种配体均可引起TP1活性的增高。在G CSF存在下 ,Notch1 32D细胞可分化为成熟的粒细胞 ;通过分化抑制实验发现Jagged2能抑制G CSF引起的Notch1 32D细胞分化 ,但Delta4不能抑制G CSF引起的Notch1 32D细胞分化。结论 Jagged2、Delta4为Notch1分子的配体 ,Delta4不能抑制G CSF引起的Notch1 32D细胞分化 ,但Jagged2能抑制G CSF引起的Notch1 32D细胞分化。

Inhibitory effect of metformin on the proliferation of human hepatoma HepG2 cells and its potential mechanism

Objective： This work aimed to study the inhibitory effect and the related mechanism of metformin （MET） on the proliferation of human hepatoma HepG2 cells. Methods： Human hepatoma HepG2 cells were treated with MET （0, 2, 10, and 50 mM）. The inhibitory effect of MET on the proliferation of HepG2 cells was determined by MTT method. The apoptosis of HepG2 cells was detected by flow cytornetry. The expression of cyclin D1 in HepG2 cells was examined by Western blot. ROS-DHE fluorescence probe was used to stain the reactive oxygen species （ROS） generated by HepG2 cells after treat- ment. Results： MET could inhibit the proliferation of HepG2 cells in a dose and time dependent manner. MET promoted the apoptosis of HepG2 cells. In addition, MET suppressed the expression of cell cycle protein cyclin D1 and induced the produc- tion of ROS in HepG2 cells. Conclusion： MET can inhibit the proliferation of human hepatoma HepG2 cells and induce cell apoptosis. Meanwhile, MET has the ability to decrease the expression of cyclin D1 and induce ROS generation, which may be involved in the mechanism of inhibiting hepatoma cells proliferation.

miR-32-5p通过p53/SLC7A11信号通路介导的铁死亡对甲状腺癌细胞增殖的作用机制

目的探讨miR-32-5p能否通过调节p53/SLC7A11信号通路介导的铁死亡影响甲状腺细胞增殖。方法将TPC-1细胞随机分为Control组、miR-NC组、miR-32-5p组、miR-32-5p+Fer-1组、miR-32-5p+si-p53组、miR-32-5p+Fer-1+si-p53组。RT-PCR检测细胞中miR-32-5p相对表达量;CCK-8法检测细胞增殖;检测细胞中Fe^(2+)、MDA、SOD、GSH及ROS的含量;JC-1法检测细胞中线粒体膜电位水平;蛋白质印迹检测细胞中p53、GPX4、SLC7A11蛋白表达。结果甲状腺癌细胞系BCPAP、TPC-1、SW1736细胞中miR-32-5p相对表达量均低于人正常甲状腺细胞系HT-ori3细胞(P<0.01)。和Control组相比,miR-32-5p组细胞中miR-32-5p相对表达量、细胞中MDA含量、Fe^(2+)含量和ROS荧光强度及细胞中p53蛋白表达明显增加,细胞存活率、细胞中GSH含量和SOD活性、线粒体膜电位水平及细胞中GPX4、SLC7A11蛋白表达明显降低(P<0.01);和miR-32-5p组相比,miR-32-5p+Fer-1组、miR-32-5p+si-p53组和miR-32-5p+Fer-1+si-p53组细胞中miR-32-5p相对表达量、细胞中MDA含量、Fe^(2+)含量和ROS荧光强度及细胞中p53蛋白表达均明显降低,细胞存活率、细胞中GSH含量和SOD活性、线粒体膜电位水平及细胞中GPX4、SLC7A11蛋白表达明显增加(P<0.01);且miR-32-5p+Fer-1+si-p53组细胞中miR-32-5p相对表达量、细胞中MDA含量、Fe^(2+)含量和ROS荧光强度及细胞中p53蛋白表达明显低于miR-32-5p+Fer-1组,细胞存活率、细胞中GSH含量和SOD活性、线粒体膜电位水平及细胞中GPX4、SLC7A11蛋白表达高于miR-32-5p+Fer-1组(P<0.05)。结论过表达miR-32-5p可通过促进铁死亡抑制甲状腺癌何丽琼细胞增殖,其可能和调控p53//SLC7A11信号通路有关。

N-乙酰氨基葡萄糖诱导白血病细胞K562向巨噬细胞分化

目的 :研究N 乙酰氨基葡萄糖对白血病细胞K5 6 2的诱导分化效果 .方法 :利用hexamethylenebisacetamide(HMBA)和N 乙酰氨基葡萄糖 ,分别用不同浓度对白血病K5 6 2细胞进行诱导分化实验 ,通过联苯胺、萘酚AS D氯醋酸酯酶及吉姆萨 瑞氏染色、电镜观察、流式细胞仪证实其分化方向 .结果 :化学诱导剂N 乙酰氨基葡萄糖对K5 6 2细胞在0 .5mmol·L-1浓度作用 2d后有良好的诱导分化效果 ,诱导K5 6 2向巨噬细胞分化 .与HMBA相比 ,N 乙酰氨基葡萄糖在作用浓度和作用时间上都有明显优势 .结论 :N 乙酰氨基葡萄糖可能诱导K5 6

没药倍半萜诱导的p21^(WAF/CIP1)蛋白参与抑制前列腺癌细胞增殖

目的探讨没药的两个倍半萜单体化合物抑制前列腺癌细胞增殖的作用机制。方法应用细胞增殖实验噻唑蓝(MTT)法检测化合物对人前列腺癌细胞株LNCaP的影响;流式细胞术进一步分析前列腺癌细胞经化合物处理后细胞周期时相的变化;Western blot检测化合物对细胞周期相关蛋白p21WAF/CIP1(p21)和cyclin D表达的影响;利用细胞转染技术检测化合物对cyclin D启动子表达活力的影响。结果两个没药倍半萜单体化合物对前列腺癌细胞均有显著的抑制活力,使细胞停滞于G0/G1期;且能在蛋白水平诱导p21WAF/CIP1的表达,同时降低cyclinD的表达。结论没药倍半萜化合物抑制前列腺癌细胞的增殖,可能是通过上调p21WAF/CIP1的表达、下调cyclinD蛋白的表达来实现的。

右旋柠烯对不同类型人胃癌细胞的生长抑制作用

目的 :探讨右旋柠烯 (D limonene)对不同类型人胃癌细胞的生长抑制作用及其机制。方法 :以D limonene作用于SGC 790 1、BGC 82 3及AGS三种不同类型人胃癌细胞 ,采用噻唑蓝 (MTT)比色法、流式细胞仪及电镜检测细胞生长抑制率、凋亡率以及形态学改变 ,免疫细胞化学法检测 p5 3、bax和bcl 2基因表达。 结果 :D limonene处理后的细胞生长抑制率与凋亡率均增加 ,与药物浓度呈正相关。细胞呈现核固缩、染色质边集、凋亡小体形成等典型凋亡表现。经D limonene处理后SGC 790 1、BGC 82 3细胞株 p5 3、bax蛋白表达明显增加 ,bcl 2蛋白表达降低。AGS细胞株bax蛋白表达明显增加 ,bcl 2蛋白表达降低。 结论 :D limonene对人胃癌细胞的抑制作用主要是通过诱导细胞凋亡 ,不同类型的细胞株作用途径可能不同。升提 p5 3与bax及降低bcl 2的蛋白表达为其诱发胃癌细胞凋亡的机制之一。

金雀异黄素抑制人胃癌细胞增殖作用的研究—抑制细胞DNA合成与cyclin D_1表达的研究

采用细胞增殖、DNA合成实验观察了金雀异黄素 (Gen)对体外培养的人胃癌SGC 790 1细胞的生长抑制作用 ,并观察了Gen对人胃癌细胞细胞周期素D1 (cyclinD1 )蛋白的表达情况。结果显示 ,Gen对胃癌细胞生长及其DNA合成有抑制作用 ,并降低cyclinD1 蛋白的表达 ,且呈剂量 效应关系。结果证实 ,Gen抑制胃癌细胞增殖作用的机制之一可能是通过抑制DNA合成及抑制cyclinD1 的表达。

HSP70在放线菌素D所致肺腺癌细胞增殖抑制和凋亡中的作用

为探讨热休克蛋白70(heatshockprotein70,HSP70)在肺腺癌中的表达及其作用,首先采用免疫印迹检测经临床支纤镜确诊并行手术切除的肺腺癌组织标本中HSP70的表达,结果显示在癌旁正常组织中HSP70的表达量显著低于其在癌组织中的表达量.其次,采用HSP70反义寡核苷酸阻断A549细胞中HSP70表达后,经MTT和Hoechst33258检测发现,HSP70下调能显著促进放线菌素D(actinomycinD,ActD)所致的A549细胞增殖抑制及凋亡,反义寡核苷酸处理组与正义或随机寡核苷酸处理组比较P值均小于0.05.进一步构建HSP70真核重组质粒并瞬时转染A549细胞后,能显著增加A549细胞中HSP70表达,同时采用MTT和流式细胞术及基因组DNA琼脂糖凝胶电泳检测发现,HSP70过表达能显著抵消ActD所致细胞增殖抑制及凋亡,转染HSP70重组质粒组与转染空载体组相比P值小于0.05.上述结果提示,HSP70在肺腺癌组织中高表达,高表达的HSP70在降低肺腺癌细胞对ActD的敏感性及促进癌细胞增殖与抑制凋亡等方面发挥了重要作用.

5′-氮杂-2′-脱氧胞苷对T47D乳腺癌细胞生物学行为的影响

目的探讨去甲基化5′-氮杂-2′-脱氧胞苷(5-Aza-CdR)对T47D乳腺癌细胞株生长周期及凋亡的影响。方法分别使用浓度为0.5、1.0、2.0、5.0、25.0、100.0μmol/L 5-Aza-CdR处理T47D细胞株。MTT法检测T47D细胞存活率。流式细胞仪检测T47D细胞生长周期,观察细胞凋亡情况。RT-PCR法检测处理前后抑癌基因p16 mR-NA表达。结果5-Aza-CdR作用后T47D细胞明显受抑,G0/G1期细胞明显增多,细胞阻滞于G1期,凋亡率明显增高;5-Aza-CdR处理后无p16表达的T47D细胞检测出p16基因的重新表达。结论5-Aza-CdR可抑制T47D细胞的生长,并促进其凋亡;其机制可能为消除某些抑癌基因启动子甲基化。

TNF抗妇科肿瘤细胞的实验研究

肿瘤坏死因子（ｔｕｍｏｒｎｅｃｒｏｓｉｓｆａｃｔｏｒ，ＴＮＦ）是具有抗肿瘤特性的多功能物质，但不同种肿瘤细胞对ＴＮＦ的敏感性存在着明显差异。在体外试验中，发现卵巢癌细胞（ＡＯ）子宫颈癌细胞（Ｈｅｌａ）和绒癌细胞（ＪＡＲ）对ＴＮＦ都不甚敏感。若ＴＮＦ联合应用γ－干扰素（ｉｎｔｅｒｆｅｒｏｎ－Ｔ，ＩＦＮ－γ）或放线菌素Ｄ，则对这３种细胞株的杀伤作用明显增强。提示它们与ＴＮＦ有协同杀伤妇科肿瘤细胞的作用，这对妇科肿瘤的治疗提供了新的线索。