Cymbidium goeringii is an economically important ornamental plant,and flower color is one of the main features of C.goeringii that contributes to its high economic value.To clarify the molecular mechanisms underlying ...Cymbidium goeringii is an economically important ornamental plant,and flower color is one of the main features of C.goeringii that contributes to its high economic value.To clarify the molecular mechanisms underlying the role of anthocyanins in mediating differences in color among varieties,liquid chromatography–tandem mass spectrometry was used to perform anthocyanin-targeted metabolomics of seven C.goeringii varieties,including‘Jin Qian Yuan’(JQY),‘Jin Xiu Qian Yuan’(JXQY),‘Miao Jiang Su Die’(MJSD),‘Qian Ming Su’(QMS),‘Shi Chan’(SC),and‘Yang Ming Su’(YMS),as well as the C.goeringii.We detected 64 anthocyanins,including cyanidins,delphinidins,malvidins,pelargonidins,peonidins,petunidins,procyanidins,and flavonoids.We identified six shared differentially accumulated metabolites(DAMs),including cyanidin-3-O-rutinoside,delphinidin-3-Osophoroside,pelargonidin-3-O-rutinoside,peonidin-3-O-(6-O-malonyl-beta-D-glucoside),peonidin-3-Osophoroside,and chalcone.Most DAMs were enriched in the anthocyanin biosynthesis pathway.Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes pathway analysis revealed that the differentially expressed metabolites were significantly enriched in the anthocyanin biosynthesis pathway.Analysis of the content of differentially expressed metabolites indicated that peonidin-3-O-(6-O-malonyl-beta-D-glucoside)was the key metabolite underlying color differences among C.goeringii varieties.Procyanidin B2,pelargonidin-3-O-galactoside,and naringenin might also affect the color formation of JQY and QMS,SC,and MJSD,respectively.The results of this study shed light on the metabolic mechanism underlying flower color differences in C.goeringii at the molecular level.Our findings will aid future studies of the mechanism of flower color regulation in C.goeringii and have implications for the breeding of new varieties.展开更多
[Objectives]The paper was to explore the impact of different cultivation substrates on the growth of Cymbidium goeringii.[Methods]The impact of 13 distinct cultivation substrates on the growth of C.goeringii was exami...[Objectives]The paper was to explore the impact of different cultivation substrates on the growth of Cymbidium goeringii.[Methods]The impact of 13 distinct cultivation substrates on the growth of C.goeringii was examined using C.goeringii as the test material.[Results]The combination of burning red clay particles(15%),No.4 pine bark(15%),No.3 pine bark(60%),and perlite(10%),as well as the mixture of burning red clay particles(20%),No.4 pine bark(15%),No.3 pine bark(55%),and perlite(10%),yielded superior results.These formulations resulted in an increased number of new roots in C.goeringii,a reduction in the incidence of decayed roots,and enhancements in the number of tillers,new leaves,and flowers.[Conclusions]The selection of substrates may serve as a valuable reference for the cultivation of C.goeringii.展开更多
Cymbidium goeringii is a diploid and non-rewarding,bumblebee-pollinated species,which is distribut-ed in China,Japan and Korea Peninsula.This species is now highly endangered due to the mass collection and forest clea...Cymbidium goeringii is a diploid and non-rewarding,bumblebee-pollinated species,which is distribut-ed in China,Japan and Korea Peninsula.This species is now highly endangered due to the mass collection and forest clearance in China.In the present study,we investigated the distribution of genetic variation within and between eleven populations of Cymbidium goeringii in central China by using Inter-simple sequence repeats(ISSR)markers.Eleven primers produced a total of 127 clear and reproducible bands of which 112 were polymorphic.High genetic diversity was detected in Cymbidium goeringii for both population level(P=63.1%;He=0.1945)and species level(P=88.2%;He=0.2628).A higher level of genetic differentiation was detected among populations(G_(ST)=0.2440,F_(ST)=0.2207)with Nei’s GST analysis and analysis of molecular variance(AMOVA),and no correlation was found between geograph-ical and genetic distance.Genetic drift rather than gene flow played an important role in forming the present population structure of Cymbidium goeringii.Limited gene flow among populations and gene drift increase the extinction risk of local populations.Some conservation concerns are therefore dis-cussed together with possible strategies for implementing in situ and ex situ conservation.展开更多
基金supported by the Study on Resource Collection and New Variety Breeding of the Guizhou Mountainous Characteristic Flower C.goeringii(QianKeHe[2022]General 107)the Key Laboratory of National Forestry and Grassland Administration on Biodiversity Conservation in Karst Mountainous Areas of Southwestern China,Guizhou Academy of Forestry.
文摘Cymbidium goeringii is an economically important ornamental plant,and flower color is one of the main features of C.goeringii that contributes to its high economic value.To clarify the molecular mechanisms underlying the role of anthocyanins in mediating differences in color among varieties,liquid chromatography–tandem mass spectrometry was used to perform anthocyanin-targeted metabolomics of seven C.goeringii varieties,including‘Jin Qian Yuan’(JQY),‘Jin Xiu Qian Yuan’(JXQY),‘Miao Jiang Su Die’(MJSD),‘Qian Ming Su’(QMS),‘Shi Chan’(SC),and‘Yang Ming Su’(YMS),as well as the C.goeringii.We detected 64 anthocyanins,including cyanidins,delphinidins,malvidins,pelargonidins,peonidins,petunidins,procyanidins,and flavonoids.We identified six shared differentially accumulated metabolites(DAMs),including cyanidin-3-O-rutinoside,delphinidin-3-Osophoroside,pelargonidin-3-O-rutinoside,peonidin-3-O-(6-O-malonyl-beta-D-glucoside),peonidin-3-Osophoroside,and chalcone.Most DAMs were enriched in the anthocyanin biosynthesis pathway.Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes pathway analysis revealed that the differentially expressed metabolites were significantly enriched in the anthocyanin biosynthesis pathway.Analysis of the content of differentially expressed metabolites indicated that peonidin-3-O-(6-O-malonyl-beta-D-glucoside)was the key metabolite underlying color differences among C.goeringii varieties.Procyanidin B2,pelargonidin-3-O-galactoside,and naringenin might also affect the color formation of JQY and QMS,SC,and MJSD,respectively.The results of this study shed light on the metabolic mechanism underlying flower color differences in C.goeringii at the molecular level.Our findings will aid future studies of the mechanism of flower color regulation in C.goeringii and have implications for the breeding of new varieties.
基金Supported by Spark Program of Fujian Province(2021S0055).
文摘[Objectives]The paper was to explore the impact of different cultivation substrates on the growth of Cymbidium goeringii.[Methods]The impact of 13 distinct cultivation substrates on the growth of C.goeringii was examined using C.goeringii as the test material.[Results]The combination of burning red clay particles(15%),No.4 pine bark(15%),No.3 pine bark(60%),and perlite(10%),as well as the mixture of burning red clay particles(20%),No.4 pine bark(15%),No.3 pine bark(55%),and perlite(10%),yielded superior results.These formulations resulted in an increased number of new roots in C.goeringii,a reduction in the incidence of decayed roots,and enhancements in the number of tillers,new leaves,and flowers.[Conclusions]The selection of substrates may serve as a valuable reference for the cultivation of C.goeringii.
基金We are grateful to Drs Li Zuozhou,Chen Lei and Liu Yifei for their assistance and advice and Mrs Zhang Chunxia provided assistance in the field observation and collecting samples.The work was supported by the Natural Scientific Foundation of Hubei Province,China(2004ABA119)for Yang Bo.
文摘Cymbidium goeringii is a diploid and non-rewarding,bumblebee-pollinated species,which is distribut-ed in China,Japan and Korea Peninsula.This species is now highly endangered due to the mass collection and forest clearance in China.In the present study,we investigated the distribution of genetic variation within and between eleven populations of Cymbidium goeringii in central China by using Inter-simple sequence repeats(ISSR)markers.Eleven primers produced a total of 127 clear and reproducible bands of which 112 were polymorphic.High genetic diversity was detected in Cymbidium goeringii for both population level(P=63.1%;He=0.1945)and species level(P=88.2%;He=0.2628).A higher level of genetic differentiation was detected among populations(G_(ST)=0.2440,F_(ST)=0.2207)with Nei’s GST analysis and analysis of molecular variance(AMOVA),and no correlation was found between geograph-ical and genetic distance.Genetic drift rather than gene flow played an important role in forming the present population structure of Cymbidium goeringii.Limited gene flow among populations and gene drift increase the extinction risk of local populations.Some conservation concerns are therefore dis-cussed together with possible strategies for implementing in situ and ex situ conservation.
