Researches on Plants from the Lower Devonian Xujiachong Formation in the Qujing District, Eastern Yunnan

Fossil plants Hedeia sinica Hao et Gensel 1998, Huia gracilis Wang Ct Hao2001 and Guangnania cuneata Wang et Hao are described from the Lower Devonian Xujiachong Formation,the Qujing district, eastern Yunnan, China. They contribute to our knowledge of the flora in thisdistrict. Based on the occurrence of common plants (Hedeia, Huia, Guangnania and Zosterophyllumaustralianum) and their horizons, it is proved for the first time that the mid-lower assemblage ofthe Xujiachong flora is comparable with the Early Devonian ((late) Pragian) Posongchong flora ofsoutheastern Yunnan and the upper Baragwanathia flora of Australia. In view of this fact and thestratigraphic sequence, the mid-lower part of the Xujiachong Formation is considered to be of (late)Pragian age. Through comprehensive analyses of plant, bivalve and fish assemblages and thelithology, the upper part of the Xujiachong Formation is dated to he of early Emsian age. TheXujiachong flora belonged to the northeastern Gondwana palaeophytogeographic unit during the EarlyDevonian. The early Emsian assemblage of this flora inherited the characters of the Posongchongflora and also exhibited the endemic elements. Belonging to different phytogeographic units, theXujiachong and Posongchong floras differ from the coeval flora of the Laurussian palaeocontinent.The Xujiachong flora is comparatively simple in composition, while the Posongchong flora hasabundant and highly diversified endemics. The disparity between them has resulted from the differentenvironments.

Discovery of Trace Fossils from the Sinian-Cambrian Boundary Beds in Eastern Yunnan and Their Significance for Global Correlation

There are abundant and highly varied trace fossils in the Sinian-Cambrian boundary beds in eastern Yunnan. Collections from 27 sections and their study give altogether 45 ichnogenera and 87 ichnospecies. Among them, 2 ichnogenera and 7 ichnospecies are new, and 31 known ichnogenera and 38 known ichnospecies first found in the region. According to their order of appearance in the boundary beds and their assemblage features, the trace fossils in the Sinian-Cambrian boundary beds in the region may fall into 4 trace fossil assemblage zones in ascending order. In the paper they are correlated with those in the equivalent horizons abroad and their geological significance is discussed preliminarily.

Distribution and modes of occurrence of uranium in coals of Eastern Yunnan,China

Uranium is an environmentally hazardous element,and is commonly present at trace levels(2.4 μg/g for world coals)in coal deposits.However,selected coal deposits could be highly enriched in uranium.In this study,15 coal samples were collected from Eastern Yunnan coal deposits,China,aiming to characterize the distribution and the occurrence of uranium in those coals.In studied samples,uranium content varied from 0.36 to 8.28 μg/g,with an average value of 3.76 lg/g.Generally,uranium content in coals from northern coal mines(3.02±2.44 μg/g,n=5)were lower than it in southern coal mines(4.13±2.30 μg/g,n=10).Uranium in coal samples showed no obvious correlation with total sulfur,whereas was positively correlated with ash yield.The results of sequential chemical extraction procedure confirm that organic-bound is the dominant occurrence of uranium.The slight enrichment of uranium in studied coals was probably attributed to sedimentation processes,hydrological conditions and tectonic structure of the coal deposits.

First report on Guanshan Biota(Cambrian Stage 4) at the stratotype area of Wulongqing Formation in Malong County, Eastern Yunnan, China

Exceptionally preserved fossils,such as those from Cambrian Burgess Shale-type fossil-Lagerstatten are critical because of their unique contributions to knowledge of the phylogenetic radiation and palaeoecological expansion of metazoans during the Cambrian explosion.Critically,these deposits provide information that is usually unobtainable from shelly and skeletonized fossils alone.The Guanshan Biota(Cambrian Series 2,Stage 4)in the Yunnan Province of South China,has produced abundant and diverse,exquisitely preserved fossils that often retain soft tissues and organs.To date,most fossils from the Guanshan Biota have been collected from localities such as Gaoloufang and Gangtoucun,which have become inaccessible due to new urban expansions and constructions of residential buildings.Here we present the first report of soft bodied fossils from a new section at Kanfuqing,close to the Wulongqing village in Malong County,approximately 3 km east of the Wulongqing Formation stratotype section.Fossils retain soft morphology,and include brachiopods with delicate marginal setae,priapulids with well-preserved sclerites and vetulicolians with entire sections of body.In addition,this fauna includes rare occurrences of trilobites preserved with soft tissues replicated as pyrite pseudomorphs after weathering.This discovery represents an important palaeogeographical extension of soft-bodied fossils of the Guanshan fauna to the east of the Xiaojiang Fault(related to Tsinning tectonic movements ca.700 Ma).The fauna from the new Kanfuqing section is similar to that reported from the Wulongqing Formation west of the Xiaojiang Fault,and thus has significant implications for early Cambrian palaeogeography,faunal successions and palaeoenvironments of eastern Yunnan.

Characteristics of microbial communities in water from CBM wells and biogas production potential in eastern Yunnan and western Guizhou, China

The study of microbial communities in the produced water of coalbed methane(CBM)wells is an important aspect of microbial-enhanced methane production.Water produced from 15 CBM wells in four synclines in eastern Yunnan and western Guizhou was collected.Through the use of 16S ribosomal RNA(16S rRNA)amplicon sequencing and realtime fluorescence quantitative polymerase chain reaction(PCR),the characteristics of bacterial and archaeal communities before and after enrichment culture were studied.The methanogenic pathways of secondary biogas were discussed,and potential microbial-enhanced methane production was preliminarily evaluated.The results showed that the bacterial DNA content in uncultured produced water was low,so it is difficult to detect.After enrichment,the dominant bacteria phyla were Proteobacteria,Bacteroidetes,and Firmicutes.A total of seven phyla were detected in the uncultured produced water,and the dominant archaeal phylum was Euyarchaeota.Methanogens were the main component of archaea.The dominant archaeal genera were Methanobacterium,Methanoculleus and Methanobrevibacter.The community structure of the archaea changed noticeably after four days of enrichment culture.The relative abundance of Euryarchaeota increased to 99%in most samples after enrichment culture.It was found that there was a transition from Methanoregula to Methanobacterium within genera.The relative abundance of Methanobacterium increased,which can produce hydrogenotrophic methane.Combined with the isotopic composition of the produced water and gas,it is considered that the CBM in the Tucheng and Enhong synlines consists of a mixture of thermogenic gas and biogas.The proportion of secondary biogas in the Tucheng and Enhong synlines are estimated to range from 10.89% to 49.62%.There are mainly hydrogentrophic methanogens in the study area,and CO_(2) reduction is the main way of microbial gas production.After enrichment culture of produced water in the study area,the hydrogenotrophic methanogens were enriched.These two areas have strong potential for microbial-enhanced methane production.

Telescoping ore targets by geochemical exploration at multiple scales in Eastern Yunnan Pt geochemical province,southwestern China

Platinum has been one of the highly needed mineral resources in China.The geochemical exploration at two survey scales was applied in telescoping ore targets for the first time in Eastern Yunnan Pt geochemical province that was delineated using Pt data from flood plain sediments with extra-low sampling density.Our study was based on the delineations and assessments of both regional and local Pt anomalies using the Pt data by analyzing with C-OES the composite samples with two sampling densities.The composite samples were obtained by recomposing at two sampling densities the original stream sediment samples collected by the National Geochemical Mapping Project.Semivariograms were used to quantitatively describe the variability of Pt anomalies and further analyze the factors controlling the variability.Pt resource potentials of both the regional Pt anomalies and the local Pt anomalies in the study area were estimated based on the geochemical block methods,respectively.It comes to the conclusions as follows.(1) From the regional to local Pt anomaly,the factors controlling their variability from the deep seated faults-basalts turn into the basalts-branch faults,which suggest that Semivariograms could identify the geological factors controlling the variability of the Pt anomalies identified by the Pt data from the stream sediments with different sampling densities.(2) There exist two types of Pt anomalies in the study area.One is those displaying at sampling densities,and its average Pt concentration significantly increases with sampling density increasing.The other is getting weaker and/or disappears with sampling density increasing.This shows that TOTGEMS could gradu-ally eliminate non-ore anomalies and keep ore anomalies.(3) The average Pt concentration of the local Pt anomaly blocks delineated using Pt data from stream sediments with sampling density of one composite per 16 km2 is twice as much as that of the regional Pt anomaly blocks delineated using Pt data from stream sediments with sampling density of one composite per 64 km2.The Pt resource amount of the local Pt anomaly blocks is 60% of the regional anomaly blocks,but the area of the former is just 35% of the latter,which suggests that the Pt resource amount is mainly concentrated in its local anomalies,and that TOTGEMS has a good exploration function that efficiently approaches ore targets.

Precise Location of Earthquakes at the Eastern Boundaries of the Sichuan-Yunnan Rhombic Block

Based on the seismic station data sets from Sichuan and Yunnan provinces,we employed a multi-step seismic location method( Hypo2000 + Velest + HypoDD) to precisely locate the 7,787 earthquakes that occurred during 2010-2015 along the eastern boundaries of the Sichuan-Yunnan rhombic block,namely from southern Dawu to the Qiaojia segment.The final results show that location precision is greatly advanced and epicenter distribution exhibits good consistency with the linear distribution of the seismic faults. Earthquake distribution is quite intensive at the intersection region in the southern segment of the Xianshuihe fault,the Anninghe fault zone,the Xiaojinhe fault zone and the Daliangshan fault zone to the east. The depth profile of seismicity shows a clear stepwise activity along the active seismic fault zones. The profile crossing the faults of the Xianshuihe,Anninghe,and Daliangshan presents a complex interaction among faults near the multiple faults intersection region,Shimian,where the earthquakes are obviously divided into two groups in depth. Earthquakes are very rare at the depth of 15km-20 km,which is consistent with the region of the plastic rheology between 14km-19 km calculated by Zhu Ailan et al.,( 2005).

Enigmatic ribbon-like fossil from Early Cambrian of Yunnan, China

During the Late Neoproterozoic and Early Cambrian,a series of paleogeographic and paleoecological events occurred associated with deglaciations and the evolution of life.The appearance of fossils representing diverse phyla,novel body plans and complex ecologies in Ediacaran and Cambrian sedimentary successions has sparked diverse hypotheses about potential drivers for the radiation of early animals during this interval.Recently,new macroscopic fossils of carbonaceous compressions with unique features have been found in Anning,Yunnan,China.The fossils’bodies are ribbon-shaped and bilaterally symmetric,with dense longitudinal features and transversal features.The fossils occur 0.68 m below a bentonite interlayer which has been dated 535.2±1.7 Ma by Ri-xiang Zhu and his team in 2009.The relatively simply morphology of these fossils,coupled with a lack of preserved internal structures challenge efforts taxonomically identify the precursor organism and definitively ally it to a living group.However,the symmetry and unusual features of the body are analogous to members of Platyzoa.The presence of ribbon-shaped fossils in the Zhongyicun Member in Anning indicates that these organisms were at least a locally significant component of Cambrian seafloor ecosystems,and may hold important implications for our understanding of the early evolution of Bilateria.

黔北—滇东二叠纪锰矿主要成矿规律与成矿区带划分

这是一篇地球科学领域的论文。锰矿为我国十分紧缺的战略矿产之一。黔北-滇东地区是我国二叠纪锰矿最典型的分布区,在全球晚古生代也较为少见,该区锰矿资源丰富,找矿潜力巨大,称为“遵义式锰矿”。研究表明,该区锰矿产于二叠纪茅口晚期,分布严格受黔北裂谷盆地控制,锰矿在地堑盆地中心喷溢沉积成矿,在地垒区则无锰矿分布,矿体空间展布方向与盆地展布方向基本一致。其中,黔北遵义-黔西地区锰矿在空间上分布于盆地相区,并可分为中心相、过渡相、边缘相等三个锰矿相带,进一步指示了锰矿具体成矿位置,显示了锰矿受盆地中心控制非常明显的特点。在划分的遵义-宣威锰矿成矿带的基础上,详细划分出遵义-黔西锰矿成矿亚带中深溪—八里、龙坪—兴隆、团溪—尚稽、黔西4个锰矿矿集区,以及水城-宣威锰矿成矿亚带中水城—纳雍、格学2个锰矿矿集区。该研究成果对寻找黔北—滇东二叠纪隐伏锰矿床,开展成矿预测,具有重要的意义。

四川康定—磨西断裂强震危险背景研究

本文对四川西部鲜水河断裂带上的康定—磨西断裂的强震危险性作了分析探讨。该断裂位于川西—滇东第Ⅲ弧形挤出构造带的弧顶转折部位,这里应力高度集中,块体左旋大幅度滑移,断裂两侧垂直差异运动幅度达1000~2000 m,为大陆板块内部断裂活动性较高的地震区。鲜水河断裂带是我国地震活动性和重复性都很高的一条左旋走滑断裂带,自1725年至今接近300年的时间里,鲜水河断裂带上重复出现了2期地震活动,地震重复周期为100~200年。康定—磨西断裂于1786年发生过7¾级大地震,此地震发生迄今已237年,断裂一直处于能量积累的相对平静期。近期地震活跃起来,2022年9月6.8级四川沪定磨西地震以后5.6级以下的中小震频繁发生,并沿着磨西断裂成带分布,是否预示着该断裂又重新活动起来,进入新的地震活动期?这些特征表明康定—磨西断裂具有大地震孕育发生的背景条件。

滇东地区裂谷盆地内火山-侵入岩序列与金属成矿

碱性岩浆对金属成矿和金属矿集区有独特控制作用,因火山—侵入岩序列与金属成矿和岩浆叠加侵入构造系统识别难度大,长期制约了深部勘探和找矿预测。本文以云南东川铁铜金矿集区(元古宙陆缘裂谷盆地)和个旧锡铜钨铯铷多金属矿集区(三叠纪弧后裂谷盆地)为主,采用大比例尺构造岩相学填图新方法,解析研究了碱性岩浆活动有关的火山—侵入岩侵入序列与岩石组合、裂谷盆地演化和岩浆叠加侵入构造系统,揭示了它们与滇东地区铁氧化物铜金型(IOCG)、铜钴-金红石-稀土和锡铜钨铯铷多金属矿叠加成矿内在关系。研究认为:①云南东川铁铜金矿集区内,新太古代末期碱性岩类以方解石钠长岩(2520±14 Ma)和碱性铁质苦橄岩(2529±77 Ma)为主。新太古界—古元古界小溜口岩组(>2.50Ga)顶部古岩溶风化壳,受中元古代火山喷发—岩浆侵入构造叠加再造形成了特殊单元(独立填图单元,2.50~1.80Ga),它们是铜钴-金红石-稀土矿床的新找矿层位。②在中元古界因民组一段内,铁钠质碱性基性岩、铁钾质粗面岩和铁质碱性辉绿辉长岩等岩石组合形成于因民期火山断陷成盆期。因民组二段和三段是稀矿山式铁铜矿床储矿层位,铁铜矿层下盘铁钾质粗面岩为独居石型稀土成矿层位。在格林威尔造山期碱性钛铁质辉长岩(1097~1047 Ma)-碱性钛铁质闪长岩-碱性二长斑岩等碱性钛铁质侵入岩体,形成了白锡腊深部IOCG矿床和金红石富集成矿。③在个旧三叠纪弧后裂谷盆地内,三叠纪碱性苦橄岩和碱玄岩中形成了Sn-Cu-Zn-Li-Rb-Cs初始富集;在晚白垩世浅色花岗岩叠加成矿作用下,形成了金云母矽卡岩型锡铜钨铯铷矿床。④裂谷盆地内早期碱性岩中初始富集金属与后期富含成矿金属的碱性侵入岩叠加成矿可能是金属超常富集机理。在东川地区岩浆叠加侵入构造内,岩浆热液角砾岩筒对铜钴-金红石-稀土元素叠加富集成矿控制显著;在个旧地区,浅色花岗岩侵入于碱性苦橄岩-碱玄岩中,对金云母矽卡岩型锡铜钨钴铯铷矿床的叠加富集成矿控制显著。

川滇菱形块体东边界震源机制与应力场特征

文中利用四川、云南、重庆、青海、甘肃地震台网以及西昌密集台阵和巧家密集台阵的数字地震波形资料,采用CAP全波形反演方法及HASH初动极性和振幅比方法,获得了川滇菱形块体东边界区域3 951组M L≥1.0地震的震源机制。进而基于以上震源机制,采用阻尼区域应力场反演算法(MSTASI)和Vavrycuk的迭代联合反演方法获得了研究区的构造应力场分布特征、主要活动断裂的应力性质和摩擦系数。结果显示,研究区震源机制P轴、T轴以及最大主应力轴σ1和最小主应力轴σ3总体上倾角较小,揭示了近水平的挤压或剪切应力环境。σ1以NW-SE和NWW-SEE向为主,从北到南有顺时针旋转的趋势,应力性质以走滑型为主,局部兼有逆冲型和拉张型,整体分布特征与区内走滑型边界断裂活动性质一致。R值具有明显的空间差异,鲜水河断裂-龙门山断裂-安宁河断裂交会地区R值相对较高,有明显的挤压特征;鲜水河断裂带、安宁河断裂带北段和小江断裂带的R值均在0.25~0.5之间,表现为NE-SW向挤压和NW-SE向拉张,拉张应力可能远小于挤压应力;大凉山断裂带北段和则木河断裂带的R值均在0.5~1之间,表现为NW-SE向压缩和NE-SW向拉张,且挤压应力大于拉张应力。研究区域主要断裂的摩擦系数也有差异:安宁河断裂带和大凉山断裂带北段的摩擦系数相对较低,在0.75以下,鲜水河断裂带、则木河断裂带及大凉山断裂带南段的摩擦系数偏高,在0.80以上。川滇菱形块体东边界活动断裂带上的构造应力相对较高,尤其是鲜水河断裂带和小江断裂带的应力更高,需要关注其地震危险性。

基于自然伽马测井的煤系关键金属精细勘探技术

滇东—黔西上二叠统煤系底部赋存着累积厚度达数米、以自然伽马测井正异常为特征的Nb-Zr-REY-Ga型关键金属矿层,是我国最有开发潜力的煤系关键金属资源之一。当前对该矿层的研究主要聚焦于关键金属物质来源、赋存状态和成矿模式等方面,而利用自然伽马测井数据对该矿层进行定量识别和浓度计算等工作还未开展过,尽管这项工作对将来这些矿层关键金属的勘探和开发具有重要意义。论文以Zr和Ga两种元素为例,利用收集和实测的关键金属浓度及其对应的自然伽马值等数据,进行了基于自然伽马测井的关键金属矿层精细勘探技术研究。结果表明:研究区Zr和Ga元素浓度的预测模型分别为y=133.42x^(2)+262.23x+224.43和y=31.587e^(0.2273x),指示两者最低开发利用浓度(2000μg/g和50μg/g)对应的自然伽马值分别为2.8 pA/kg和2.0 pA/kg。发现Haar小波3层分解获得的预测矿层位置与地球化学实测的矿层位置吻合度最高。预测模型验证结果表明,Zr和Ga元素浓度预测平均相对误差分别为14.21%和10.97%,矿层厚度预测平均相对误差分别为4.16%和4.82%,说明论文建立的关键金属精细勘探技术可以精确识别研究区关键金属矿层浓度和厚度,对滇东—黔西地区Nb-Zr-REY-Ga型关键金属矿层的精细勘探具有较好的应用价值。

滇东—黔西中二叠统白云岩特征、成因及其主控因素

【目的】中国滇东—黔西地区中二叠统广泛发育白云岩。针对这些白云岩的成因,前人开展了一系列研究,并提出了多种白云岩形成机理。然而,关于镁离子的来源、白云化的主控因素等关键问题,至今仍无定论。这些问题严重制约了滇东—黔西地区的油气扩展勘探。【方法】综合利用露头、岩心和钻井等资料,对滇东—黔西地区中二叠统白云岩的分布规律、岩相学特征和地球化学特征进行了详细分析。【结果与结论】(1)研究区白云岩的形成机理为开放热对流白云化模式。白云化流体的镁离子主要来自海水,少部分来自深部热液流体;(2)白云化流体主要通过亮晶生屑石灰岩中的孔隙,以及断层和裂缝系统运移。在温度空间差异的驱动下,白云化流体沿循环流动路径运移,导致中二叠统石灰岩迅速且广泛的白云化;(3)白云岩发育的主控因素为滩相沉积和峨眉地幔柱(活动范围)。

川滇地块东部老鹰山的构造地貌特征及其揭示的地块隆升和旋转运动

印−欧大陆板块的碰撞与挤压造成了青藏高原的隆升和陆内变形,同时引起川滇菱形地块的侧向逃逸与旋转,目前针对川滇菱形地块中部和西部地区的旋转量已进行了大量古地磁研究,但对其东部地区的旋转研究相对缺少。由于河流地貌对地块的旋转量十分敏感,因此,研究利用30 m分辨率的数字高程模型(DEM)提取了川滇菱形地块东部老鹰山地区的22个流域盆地,通过分析其局部地形起伏比、河流纵剖面、河流陡峭指数以及流域方位角4个地貌参数来确定老鹰山地区的地块旋转量和隆升量。研究结果显示:老鹰山地区自晚中新世以来,隆升量约为358 m,隆升趋势为北高南低;河流陡峭指数值整体分布趋势由北向南逐渐降低,高值区主要分布在老鹰山地区北部,低值区主要分布在研究区老鹰山顶部以及老鹰山地区南部;同时根据流域方位角结果表明老鹰山地区旋转量为逆时针旋转15°左右。研究表明自晚中新世以来,川滇地块内元谋断裂以西受走滑断裂影响较小,主要为顺时针旋转;元谋断裂以东受走滑断裂等强烈的左行走滑影响,发生了逆时针旋转并伴随着差异隆升。

滇东富源地区岩溶地下水水化学特征及控制因素

岩溶地下水是滇东富源地区工农业生产及居民生活饮用水的重要供水水源,为支撑区内岩溶地下水资源的合理开发利用及保护,系统采集了区内68组岩溶地下水样品,综合运用水化学分析、氢氧同位素分析以及多元统计分析等方法,对岩溶地下水水化学特征、氢氧同位素特征及影响因素进行了研究。结果表明:研究区岩溶地下水pH平均值为7.69,总体上呈弱碱性。水化学类型主要为HCO_(3)-Ca和HCO_(3)-Ca·Mg型,少部分为HCO_(3)·SO_(4)-Ca·Mg型。主要离子中除Ca^(2+)和HCO_(3)^(-)以外,其余各离子均表现出很强的空间变异性。区内岩溶地下水微量组分Sr质量浓度为30.00~3150.00μg/L,平均值为522.38μg/L,其中有40件岩溶地下水样品中Sr质量浓度达到了锶矿泉水的界限标准。此外,部分样品中Fe、Mn和Al含量较高,超过了Ⅲ类水质标准。区内岩溶地下水主要为当地大气降水补给,溶质组分主要受到碳酸盐岩溶解、人类活动以及阳离子交换作用的影响,但是阳离子交换作用总体上较弱。水化学组分中Ca^(2+)、Mg^(2+)、HCO_(3)^(-)以及Sr主要来源于碳酸盐岩矿物的溶解,Cl^(-),K^(+), Na^(+)主要来源于生活污水,而Fe、Mn、Al以及SO_(4)^(2-)主要来源于采煤活动产生的酸性废水,NO_(3)^(-)主要来源于农业施肥活动。因子分析表明,碳酸盐岩溶解、生活污水排放、采煤活动和农业施肥这4个因素对岩溶地下水水化学的贡献率分别为45.85%、22.24%、21.51%和10.40%,说明了人类活动对岩溶地下水水质有着不容忽视的影响,需要有针对性地采取防治措施。

先秦至南北朝时期滇东地区的民族交往交流与交融

历史上滇东地区是一个多民族聚居区,不同民族长期保持着交往、交流、交融,形成了特有的民族交融文化,并在不同时期呈现不同特色。先秦至西汉早期,主要为土著民族之间的交往交流交融;西汉中期汉人移民迁入后,土著与汉人之间展开交往交流交融,汉文化在滇东形成一定影响;三国至西晋时期,汉人移民逐渐在地化,与土著的交流、交融深度加深。东晋南北朝时期,汉人移民土著化,在主动接受土著文化的同时传承着汉文化,形成了兼具汉文化和土著文化双重特色的“爨文化”。

川滇块体东边界断裂带应力演化特征及地震危险性数值

建立川滇块体东边界及龙门山断裂带区域三维粘弹性有限元模型,以GNSS速度场为约束,计算区域内主要断裂带长期平均构造应力积累速率;并根据历史地震破裂滑动模型,计算其对鲜水河断裂带、龙门山断裂带等造成的同震和震后库仑应力变化,从而得到研究区域主要断裂带总应力演化结果。研究表明,鲜水河断裂带、大凉山断裂带南段以及理塘断裂带的构造应力积累速率较高,达到1.0~1.5 kPa/a。2022年泸定MS6.8地震破裂区在一个地震复发周期内的构造应力积累量约为0.177 MPa,而历史强震产生的库仑应力加载量为0.07 MPa,二者共同导致了泸定地震的发生。此外,安宁河断裂带地震空区在前次地震离逝时间(约487 a)内的总应力积累量约为0.3 MPa,大凉山断裂带南段以及理塘断裂带历史地震离逝时间均为千年左右,总应力积累量>1.0 MPa,可能有较大的地震活动潜力。

预期性悲伤对直肠癌造口患者配偶核心自我评价和心理创伤的影响研究

目的分析滇东地区直肠癌造口患者配偶的预期性悲伤与核心自我评价之间的关系,探究创伤后成长的二者间的中介作用。方法采用预期性悲伤量表、核心自我评价量表、创伤成长量表对130例直肠癌根治术患者的配偶进行问卷调查。结果直肠癌术后腹壁永久造口患者的配偶的预期性悲伤程度与核心自我评价、创伤后成长存在显著负相关,核心自我评价与创伤后成长呈显著正相关。预期性悲伤对核心自我评价有显著负面影响(P<0.001)。预期性悲伤和创伤后成长显著影响核心自我评价,预期性悲伤也显著影响创伤后成长,后者在预期性悲伤对核心自我评价的影响中起中介作用(P均<0.001)。医疗付费方式对创伤后成长的中介作用有显著调节作用(P<0.001)。结论滇东民族地区直肠癌造口患者配偶的核心自我评价影响预期性悲伤程度,该影响被创伤后成长中介,医疗付费方式在二者间起调节作用。

黔西滇东地区煤层气储层孔隙系统与可采性

通过对黔西滇东地区采集煤样的孔渗测试、压汞孔隙结构和低温氮比表面及孔隙结构的测试分析,系统研究了典型区域煤层气储层的孔隙系统的发育特征。研究表明:黔西滇东地区煤储层孔渗发育受控于煤岩变质程度,呈现明显的区域性分布特征;研究区煤储层孔隙系统以微、小孔为主,其中又以微孔发育占优势,大孔和中孔相对不发育,BET比表面积及BJH总孔体积相对较大,煤储层吸附能力强;划分了研究区煤储层4类压汞孔隙类型和3类液氮孔隙类型,结果表明,盘关向斜煤储层的储集性能与渗流能力最好,其次为织纳煤田,格目底向斜和滇东地区储集性较好,渗流能力差;而织纳煤田的吸附能力和解吸能力最好,其余地区因不利孔隙结构或者孔隙类型形成的"瓶颈"影响了煤层气的吸附解吸。