Several fungal pathogens cause root rot of common bean,among which Fusarium spp.are the most common pathogens causing Fusarium root rot(FRR)worldwide.FRR has been becoming an increasingly severe disease of common bean...Several fungal pathogens cause root rot of common bean,among which Fusarium spp.are the most common pathogens causing Fusarium root rot(FRR)worldwide.FRR has been becoming an increasingly severe disease of common bean in China,but the species of Fusarium spp.have remained unclear.Thus,this study was performed to identify the pathogen causing common bean root rot in Liangcheng County,Inner Mongolia,China.Nineteen Fusarium-like isolates were obtained after pathogen isolation and purification.The pathogenicity test indicated that eight isolates caused severe disease symptoms on common bean,while 11 other isolates were not pathogenic.The eight pathogenic isolates,FCL1–FCL8,were identified as Fusarium cuneirostrum by morphological characterization and phylogenetic analysis using partial sequences of EF-1α,ITS,28S,and IGS regions.Host range test showed that the representative F.cuneirostrum isolate FCL3 was also pathogenic to mung bean,while not pathogenic to adzuki bean,chickpea,cowpea,faba bean,pea,and soybean.Moreover,50 common bean and 50 mung bean cultivars were screened for resistance to FRR,and seven highly resistant or resistant cultivars of common bean were identified,while no resistant cultivars of mung bean were screened.This study revealed that F.cuneirostrum was one of common bean FRR pathogens in Inner Mongolia and it could induce mung bean root rot as well.To our knowledge,this is the first report of F.cuneirostrum causing FRR of common bean in China.展开更多
Lilium are highly economically valuable ornamental plants that are susceptible to Fusarium wilt caused by Fusarium oxysporum.Lilium regale Wilson,a wild lily native to China,is highly resistant to F.oxysporum.In this ...Lilium are highly economically valuable ornamental plants that are susceptible to Fusarium wilt caused by Fusarium oxysporum.Lilium regale Wilson,a wild lily native to China,is highly resistant to F.oxysporum.In this study,a WRKY transcription factor,WRKY11,was isolated from L.regale,and its function during the interaction between L.regale and F.oxysporum was characterized.The ectopic expression of LrWRKY11 in tobacco increased the resistance to F oxysporum,moreover,the transcriptome sequencing and UHPLC-MS/MS analysis indicated that the methyl salicylate and methyl jasmonate levels rose in LrWRKY11 transgenic tobacco,meanwhile,the expression of lignin/lignans biosynthesis-related genes including a dirigent(DiR)was up-regulated.The lignin/lignans contents in LrWRKY11-transgenic tobacco also significantly increased compared with the wild-type tobacco.In addition,the resistance of L.regale scales in which LrWRKY11 expression was silenced by RNAi evidently decreased,and additionally,the expression of lignin/lignans biosynthesis-related genes including LrDIR1 was significantly suppressed.Therefore,LrDIR1 and its promoter(PLrDIR1)sequence containing the W-box element were isolated from L.regale.The interaction assay indicated that LrWRKY11 specifically bound to the W-box element in PLrDIR1 and activated LrDIR1 expression.Additionally,β-glucuronidase activity in the transgenic tobacco co-expressing LrWRKY11/PLrDIR1-β-glucuronidase was higher than that in transgenic tobacco expressing PLrDIR1-β-glucuronidase alone.Furthermore,the ectopic expression of LrDIR1 in tobacco enhanced the resistance to F.oxysporum and increased the lignin/lignans accumulation.In brief,this study revealed that LrWRKY11 positively regulated L.regale resistance to F.oxysporum through interaction with salicylic acid/jasmonic acid signaling pathways and modulating LrDIR1 expression to accumulate lignin/lignans.展开更多
Fusarium head blight(FHB),mainly caused by the fungal pathogen Fusarium graminearum,is one of the most destructive wheat diseases.Besides directly affecting the yield,the mycotoxin residing in the kernel greatly threa...Fusarium head blight(FHB),mainly caused by the fungal pathogen Fusarium graminearum,is one of the most destructive wheat diseases.Besides directly affecting the yield,the mycotoxin residing in the kernel greatly threatens the health of humans and livestock.Xinong 979(XN979)is a widely cultivated wheat elite with high yield and FHB resistance.However,its resistance mechanism remains unclear.In this study,we studied the expression of genes involved in plant defense in XN979 by comparative transcriptomics.We found that the FHB resistance in XN979 consists of two lines of defense.The first line of defense,which is constitutive,is knitted via the enhanced basal expression of lignin and jasmonic acid(JA)biosynthesis genes.The second line of defense,which is induced upon F.graminearum infection,is contributed by the limited suppression of photosynthesis and the struggle of biotic stress-responding genes.Meanwhile,the effective defense in XN979 leads to an inhibition of fungal gene expression,especially in the early infection stage.The formation of the FHB resistance in XN979 may coincide with the breeding strategies,such as selecting high grain yield and lodging resistance traits.This study will facilitate our understanding of wheat-F.graminearum interaction and is insightful for breeding FHB-resistant wheat.展开更多
The local isolates of Trichoderma spp. and Fusarium solani were colected from citrus orchards in the Mekong delta of Vietnam and isolated on PDA, PDB and TSM medium for antagonism and Koch’s postulate testing. The re...The local isolates of Trichoderma spp. and Fusarium solani were colected from citrus orchards in the Mekong delta of Vietnam and isolated on PDA, PDB and TSM medium for antagonism and Koch’s postulate testing. The results showed that the high chitinolytic enzymes content of Trichoderma isolates can antagonise with Fusarium solani isolates by preventing the germination of Fusarium macroconidia in in-vitro condition. There are five promising isolates of Trichoderma spp. having high antagonism with Fusarium solani. These Trichoderma isolates also grew well in rice straws, maize stems, weeds and water hyacinth biowaste materials. These results supply the promising trend for biological control of root rot disease on citrus orchards of the Mekong delta.展开更多
The oil palm (Elaeisguineensis Jacq) is used worldwide in commercial agriculture for the production of palm oil, palm kernel oil and palm wine. It produces more oil per plant than any other oil-producing crop in the w...The oil palm (Elaeisguineensis Jacq) is used worldwide in commercial agriculture for the production of palm oil, palm kernel oil and palm wine. It produces more oil per plant than any other oil-producing crop in the world. Production is constrained by several factors among which pests/diseases are of utmost importance. Vascular wilt (VW) caused by Fusarium oxysporum is the most devastating disease infecting this crop. Its soil-borne ecology has made the use of fungicides to manage this disease too expensive and inpragmatic. There is need for concerted research in the breeding and selection of wilt-tolerant progenies as an essential step in the management of Fusarium wilt disease. The study aims to assess the incidence and severity of vascular wilt among tested oil palm progenies, to evaluate the reduction in yield caused by the disease in the susceptible progenies and to identify the wilt-tolerant, high-yielding progenies. The study was carried out at Pamol Plantations Limited (PPL) in Ndian Estate (Ndian Division), in the Southwest Region of Cameroon. Three field trials were evaluated for tolerance/susceptibility to Fusarium wilt. Each trial consisted of 15 oil palm progenies replicated 4 times. Each progeny had 25 oil palm stands in each replicate. Hence, a total of 1500 oil palm stands were assessed. The experimental design was a randomized complete block (RCB) with trial codes: Trial 2001/1, planted in 2001;Trial 2001/2, planted in 2002;Trial 2001/3, planted in 2003. Each trail had an area of 12 ha, with a plant density of 143 palms·ha−1. Wilt incidence, severity, index, and yield were evaluated on 45 progenies from the 3 trails after identifying Fusarium oxysporum from oil palm plant part. Data was subjected to analysis of variance, Fischer’s least significant difference test (LSD) for mean separation. Identification of Fusarium was based on descriptive analysis. Incidence of VW in the 3 trials ranged from 1% - 39%. Also, 45% of infected plants were from progeny 676 while 1% was from progenies 689, 693, 694 and 710. Disease severity was from 0.9 in progeny 686 to 4.55 in 676. Wilt index ranged from 131 for progeny 694 and 710 to 495 for progenies 705. Out of the 45 progenies evaluated, 27 were tolerant (1 < 100) and 18 susceptible (1 ≥ 100). Within the tolerant progenies, 4 were significant (1 < 20) while 5 out of 18 were significantly susceptible (1 ≥ 185). Mean yield reduction of the susceptible progenies was 34.8% while in the tolerant progenies, it increased by 9.5% when compared to their controls. Progenies 702, 703 and 709 are recommended for planting based on the level of tolerance to Fusarium wilt disease and yield.展开更多
Jute mallow is a nutritious leafy vegetable. The leaves are rich in proteins, vitamins and essential amino acids. Molecular characterization of Jute mallow with focus on improvement of leaf yield is scarcely reported....Jute mallow is a nutritious leafy vegetable. The leaves are rich in proteins, vitamins and essential amino acids. Molecular characterization of Jute mallow with focus on improvement of leaf yield is scarcely reported. In the present study, inter sequence simple repeats (ISSR) molecular markers were employed to assess genetic diversity and relationships of 83 accessions of Jute mallow from different parts of Africa and Asia conserved at the World Vegetable Center East and Southern Africa. A total of 89 bands were amplified by 8 ISSR primers. Number of polymorphic bands per primer ranged from 2 to 6 with an average of 2.75 bands per primer. Polymorphic information content (PIC) values ranged from 0.390 to 0.760 with average of 0.53. Average Nei’s gene diversity (h) and Shannon’s information index (I) were 0.335 and 0.494 respectively. The highest pairwise genetic distance was 0.431 observed in a population from East Africa accessions. PC1 and PC2 axis explained 21.69% and 11.66% of the total variation respectively. UPGMA cluster analysis grouped the accessions into six main clusters at genetic similarity coefficient of 0.53 as standard value for classification. These results have important implications for jute mallow breeding and conservation.展开更多
Rice spikelet rot disease not only threatens rice yields but also poses risks to humans and animals due to the production of the category 2B carcinogen fumonisins by the pathogen Fusarium proliferatum.Nitrogen(N)metab...Rice spikelet rot disease not only threatens rice yields but also poses risks to humans and animals due to the production of the category 2B carcinogen fumonisins by the pathogen Fusarium proliferatum.Nitrogen(N)metabolism is known to have a significant influence on fungal growth and the synthesis of secondary metabolites.AreA is a global N regulatory gene belonging to the GATA transcription factor family.In this study,we observed that theΔAreA mutant exhibited a notable reduction in growth rate and conidium production.Pathogenicity experiments revealed thatΔAreA had almost lost its ability to infect rice spikelets.展开更多
Fusarium graminearum,the primary pathogenic fungus responsible for Fusarium head blight(FHB)in wheat,secretes abundant chemical compounds that interact with host plants.In this study,a secreted protein FgHrip1,isolate...Fusarium graminearum,the primary pathogenic fungus responsible for Fusarium head blight(FHB)in wheat,secretes abundant chemical compounds that interact with host plants.In this study,a secreted protein FgHrip1,isolated from the culture filtrate of F.graminearum,was found to induce typical cell death in tobacco.The FgHrip1 gene was then cloned and expressed in Escherichia coli.Further bioassay analysis showed that the recombinant FgHrip1 induced early defense induction events,such as reactive oxygen species(ROS)production,callose deposition,and up-regulation of defense-related genes in tobacco.Furthermore,FgHrip1 significantly enhanced immunity in tobacco seedlings against Pseudomonas syringae pv.tabaci 6605(Pst.6605)and tobacco mosaic virus(TMV).FgHrip1-treated wheat spikes also exhibited defense-related transcript accumulation and developed immunity against FHB infection.Whereas the expression of FgHrip1 was induced during the infection process,the deletion of the gene impaired the virulence of F.graminearum.Our results suggest that FgHrip1triggers immunity and induces disease resistance in tobacco and wheat,thereby providing new insight into strategy for biocontrol of FHB.展开更多
Strawberry Fusarium wilt (SFW) is a systematic soil-borne disease caused by Fusarium oxysporum f.sp.fragaria (Fof),which infects the vascular bundles,blocking water and nutrient transport from roots to the aboveground...Strawberry Fusarium wilt (SFW) is a systematic soil-borne disease caused by Fusarium oxysporum f.sp.fragaria (Fof),which infects the vascular bundles,blocking water and nutrient transport from roots to the aboveground.It is a severe pathogen which spreads rapidly and destroys strawberry production.Finding a way to control this disease is of great scientific value and practical importance.In this study,three fungi were isolated from the vascular tissues of sick strawberries in the field.After DNA sequencing,they were identified as Fof,Aspergillus fumigatus and Trichoderma harzianum,respectively,among which the first two are pathogens and the third is a probiotic.All fungi were controlled by thiophanate-methyl (TM),a commercial fungicide.On PDA medium,20 mg·L^(-1)5-aminolevulinic acid (ALA),a natural non-protein amino acid,promoted T.harzianum proliferation,but inhibited Fof and A.fumigatus.In confrontation test,the growth of Fof or A.fumigatus was inhibited by T.harzianum and exogenous ALA promoted T.harzianum growth but significantly inhibited the pathogen growth.When three species of fungi were separately or combinedly inoculated on healthy strawberry plants,T.harzianum promoted plant growth and development while Fof or A.fumigatus caused growth retardation,where Fof directly caused leaf yellowing and plant wilting.When the plants inoculated with different fungus were treated with ALA,the results turned out that ALA alleviated SFW symptoms by bidirectionally promoting T.harzianum proliferation and inhibiting Fof and A.fumigatus.Thus,ALA might be used in comprehensively controlling SFW in strawberry industry.展开更多
Hyphal fusion(anastomosis)is a common process serving many important functions at various developmental stages in the life cycle of ascomycetous fungi.However,the biological roles and molecular mechanisms in plant pat...Hyphal fusion(anastomosis)is a common process serving many important functions at various developmental stages in the life cycle of ascomycetous fungi.However,the biological roles and molecular mechanisms in plant pathogenic fungi were widely unknown.In this study,a hyphal fusion protein FpHam-2 was screened from a T-DNA insertion mutant library of Fusarium pseudograminearum,and FpHam-2 interacts with another 2 hyphal fusion protein homologues FpHam-3 and FpHam-4.Each of these 3 genes deletion mutant revealed in similar defective phenotypes compared with the WT and complemented strains,including reduction in growth rate,defects in hyphal fusion and conidiation,more sensitive for cell membrane,cell wall and oxidative stress responses,and decreased in virulence.The yeast two-hybrid assay was used to identify that FpHam-2 interacts with 3 autophagy-related proteins,including FpAtg3,FpAtg28 and FpAtg33.Furthermore,FpHam-2-deletion mutant showed decreased accumulation of autophagic bodies in hypha.In conclusion,FpHam-2,FpHam-3 and FpHam-4 have an essential role for hyphal fusion and regulating the growth,conidiation and virulence in F.pseudograminearum.展开更多
Urinary tract infections (UTIs) caused by uropathogens are a significant public health problem, and their treatment primarily relies on antibiotic therapy. However, the increasing global development of antibiotic resi...Urinary tract infections (UTIs) caused by uropathogens are a significant public health problem, and their treatment primarily relies on antibiotic therapy. However, the increasing global development of antibiotic resistance necessitates updating diagnostic techniques to ensure higher sensitivity and specificity, especially with advancements in science and medicine. This study aimed to evaluate the prevalence of UTIs and antibiotic resistance profiles through urine culture, as well as to identify Klebsiella pneumoniae, Klebsiella oxytoca, and Acinetobacter spp. in urine samples using a molecular approach with multiplex real-time PCR. From May 3 to July 25, 2023, at the Pietro Annigoni Biomolecular Research Center (CERBA) and Saint Camille Hospital of Ouagadougou (HOSCO), 209 urine samples collected from patients with suspected UTIs were analyzed using both urine culture and multiplex real-time PCR. Among the 209 patients, 52.15% were male and 47.85% female, with an average age of 46.87 ± 21.33 years. Urine cultures revealed an overall UTI prevalence of 23.44%, with a prevalence of 8.13% in men versus 15.31% in women (P = 0.023). The bacterial prevalence rates were as follows: Escherichia coli (12.92%), Klebsiella spp. (7.18%), Enterobacter cloacae (1.44%), Staphylococcus aureus (0.96%), and other bacteria. Klebsiella spp. demonstrated 100% resistance to Amoxicillin and Amoxicillin/Clavulanic Acid, while Escherichia coli showed 96.2% and 65.4% resistance to Amoxicillin and Amoxicillin/Clavulanic Acid, respectively. PCR analysis of the target bacteria revealed mono-infection prevalence rates of Klebsiella pneumoniae (10.39%), Klebsiella oxytoca (7.79%), and Acinetobacter spp. (7.79%), along with a co-infection prevalence rate of Klebsiella pneumoniae/Acinetobacter spp. (1.30%). This study demonstrated that PCR, with its high sensitivity and specificity, could effectively distinguish Klebsiella pneumoniae from Klebsiella oxytoca and detect Acinetobacter spp. in less than 24 hours—something urine culture alone could not achieve. The relative ease of automating urine PCR testing, combined with its diagnostic accuracy and rapid turnaround time, makes it a valuable addition to modern medical practice for the laboratory diagnosis of UTIs.展开更多
Apple replant disease(ARD)negatively affects plant growth and reduces yields in replanted orchards.In this study,biochar was applied to apple replant soil with Fusarium oxysporum.Our aim was to investigate whether bio...Apple replant disease(ARD)negatively affects plant growth and reduces yields in replanted orchards.In this study,biochar was applied to apple replant soil with Fusarium oxysporum.Our aim was to investigate whether biochar could promote plant growth and alleviate apple replant disease by reducing the growth of harmful soil microorganisms,changing soil microbial community structure and improving the soil environment.This experiment included five treatments:apple replant soil(CK),methyl bromide fumigation apple replant soil(FM),replant soil with biochar addition(2%),replant soil with F.oxysporum spore solution(8×10^(7)spores·mL^(-1)),and replant soil with biochar and F.oxysporum spore solution addition.Seedling biomass,the activity of antioxidant enzymes in the leaves and roots,and soil environmental variables were measured.Microbial community composition and community structure were analyzed using 16SrDNA and ITS2 gene sequencing.Biochar significantly reduced the abundance of F.oxysporum and increased soil microbial diversity and richness.Biochar also increased the soil enzyme activities(urease,invertase,neutral phosphatase,and catalase),the biomass(plant height,fresh weight,dry weight)and the activity of antioxidant enzymes(superoxide dismutase,peroxidase,and catalase).The root indexes of apple seedlings was also increased in replant soil by biochar.In sum,biochar promoted the growth of plants,improved the replant soil environment,and alleviated apple replant disease.展开更多
Understan ding the mechanism of harmful algal bloom formation is vital for effectively preventing algal bloom outbreaks in coastal environments.Karenia spp.blooms in the East China Sea show a significant correlation w...Understan ding the mechanism of harmful algal bloom formation is vital for effectively preventing algal bloom outbreaks in coastal environments.Karenia spp.blooms in the East China Sea show a significant correlation with nutrient regimes.However,the impact of key components of nutrients,especially dissolved organic nitrogen(DON),on the blooms of Karenia spp.is not clear.Quantitative research is still lacking.In this study,the cruise observations,field mesocosm-flask culture experiments,and a multinitrogen-tri-phytoplankton-detritus model(NTPD) are combined to reveal the quantitative influence of nutrient regimes on the shift of Prorocentrum donghaiense and Karenia spp.in the East China Sea.It has a synchronism rhythm of diatom-P.donghaienseKarenia spp.-diatom loop in the field culture experiment,which is consistent with the results of the cruise observation.The results showed that the processes of terrigenous DON(TeDON) and dissolved inorganic nitrogen(DIN:NO_(3)^(-)-N,NH_(4)^(+)-N) absorption promoted P.donghaiense to become the dominant algae in the community;whereas the processes of DON from P.donghaiense absorption promoted Karenia spp.to become the dominant algae in ambient DIN exhaustion.In addition,the three-dimensional fluorescence components of humus C,tyrosine and fulvic acid can indicate the processes of growth and extinction of P.donghaiense and Karenia spp.,respectively.This study infers that P.donghaiense and Karenia spp.regime shift mechanism associated with the nutrient regime in coastal waters,which provides a scientific basis for the environmental management of coastal eco system health.展开更多
Fusarium pseudograminearum is a devastating pathogen that causes Fusarium crown rot(FCR)in wheat and poses a significant threat to wheat production in terms of grain yield and quality.However,the mechanism by which F....Fusarium pseudograminearum is a devastating pathogen that causes Fusarium crown rot(FCR)in wheat and poses a significant threat to wheat production in terms of grain yield and quality.However,the mechanism by which F.pseudograminearum infects wheat remains unclear.In this study,we aimed to elucidate these mechanisms by constructing a T-DNA insertion mutant library for the highly virulent strain WZ-8A of F.pseudograminearum.By screening this mutant library,we identified nine independent mutants that displayed impaired pathogenesis in barley leaves.Among these mutants,one possessed a disruption in the gene FpRCO1 that is an ortholog of Saccharomyces cerevisiae RCO1,encoding essential component of the Rpd3S histone deacetylase complex in F.pseudograminearum.To further investigate the role of FpRCO1 in F.pseudograminearum,we employed a split-marker approach to knock out FpRCO1 in F.pseudograminearum WZ-8A.FpRCO1 deletion mutants exhibit reduced vegetative growth,conidium production,and virulence in wheat coleoptiles and barley leaves,whereas the complementary strain restores these phenotypes.Moreover,under stress conditions,the FpRCO1 deletion mutants exhibited increased sensitivity to NaCl,sorbitol,and SDS,but possessed reduced sensitivity to H_(2)O_(2)compared to these characteristics in the wild-type strain.RNA-seq analysis revealed that deletion of FpRCO1 affected gene expression(particularly the downregulation of TRI gene expression),thus resulting in significantly reduced deoxynivalenol(DON)production.In summary,our findings highlight the pivotal role of FpRCO1 in regulating vegetative growth and development,asexual reproduction,DON production,and pathogenicity of F.pseudograminearum.This study provides valuable insights into the molecular mechanisms underlying F.pseudograminearum infection in wheat and may pave the way for the development of novel strategies to combat this devastating disease.展开更多
基金supported by the China Agriculture Research System of MOF and MARA(CARS-08)the Scientific Innovation Program of the Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences。
文摘Several fungal pathogens cause root rot of common bean,among which Fusarium spp.are the most common pathogens causing Fusarium root rot(FRR)worldwide.FRR has been becoming an increasingly severe disease of common bean in China,but the species of Fusarium spp.have remained unclear.Thus,this study was performed to identify the pathogen causing common bean root rot in Liangcheng County,Inner Mongolia,China.Nineteen Fusarium-like isolates were obtained after pathogen isolation and purification.The pathogenicity test indicated that eight isolates caused severe disease symptoms on common bean,while 11 other isolates were not pathogenic.The eight pathogenic isolates,FCL1–FCL8,were identified as Fusarium cuneirostrum by morphological characterization and phylogenetic analysis using partial sequences of EF-1α,ITS,28S,and IGS regions.Host range test showed that the representative F.cuneirostrum isolate FCL3 was also pathogenic to mung bean,while not pathogenic to adzuki bean,chickpea,cowpea,faba bean,pea,and soybean.Moreover,50 common bean and 50 mung bean cultivars were screened for resistance to FRR,and seven highly resistant or resistant cultivars of common bean were identified,while no resistant cultivars of mung bean were screened.This study revealed that F.cuneirostrum was one of common bean FRR pathogens in Inner Mongolia and it could induce mung bean root rot as well.To our knowledge,this is the first report of F.cuneirostrum causing FRR of common bean in China.
基金National Natural Sciences Foundation of China(31760586).
文摘Lilium are highly economically valuable ornamental plants that are susceptible to Fusarium wilt caused by Fusarium oxysporum.Lilium regale Wilson,a wild lily native to China,is highly resistant to F.oxysporum.In this study,a WRKY transcription factor,WRKY11,was isolated from L.regale,and its function during the interaction between L.regale and F.oxysporum was characterized.The ectopic expression of LrWRKY11 in tobacco increased the resistance to F oxysporum,moreover,the transcriptome sequencing and UHPLC-MS/MS analysis indicated that the methyl salicylate and methyl jasmonate levels rose in LrWRKY11 transgenic tobacco,meanwhile,the expression of lignin/lignans biosynthesis-related genes including a dirigent(DiR)was up-regulated.The lignin/lignans contents in LrWRKY11-transgenic tobacco also significantly increased compared with the wild-type tobacco.In addition,the resistance of L.regale scales in which LrWRKY11 expression was silenced by RNAi evidently decreased,and additionally,the expression of lignin/lignans biosynthesis-related genes including LrDIR1 was significantly suppressed.Therefore,LrDIR1 and its promoter(PLrDIR1)sequence containing the W-box element were isolated from L.regale.The interaction assay indicated that LrWRKY11 specifically bound to the W-box element in PLrDIR1 and activated LrDIR1 expression.Additionally,β-glucuronidase activity in the transgenic tobacco co-expressing LrWRKY11/PLrDIR1-β-glucuronidase was higher than that in transgenic tobacco expressing PLrDIR1-β-glucuronidase alone.Furthermore,the ectopic expression of LrDIR1 in tobacco enhanced the resistance to F.oxysporum and increased the lignin/lignans accumulation.In brief,this study revealed that LrWRKY11 positively regulated L.regale resistance to F.oxysporum through interaction with salicylic acid/jasmonic acid signaling pathways and modulating LrDIR1 expression to accumulate lignin/lignans.
基金This work was supported by the grants from the National Key R&D Program of China(2022YFD1400100)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(32072505 and 31701747)+1 种基金the Chinese Universities Scientific Fund(2452020222)the National Innovation and Entrepreneurship Training Program for College Students China(202110712255)。
文摘Fusarium head blight(FHB),mainly caused by the fungal pathogen Fusarium graminearum,is one of the most destructive wheat diseases.Besides directly affecting the yield,the mycotoxin residing in the kernel greatly threatens the health of humans and livestock.Xinong 979(XN979)is a widely cultivated wheat elite with high yield and FHB resistance.However,its resistance mechanism remains unclear.In this study,we studied the expression of genes involved in plant defense in XN979 by comparative transcriptomics.We found that the FHB resistance in XN979 consists of two lines of defense.The first line of defense,which is constitutive,is knitted via the enhanced basal expression of lignin and jasmonic acid(JA)biosynthesis genes.The second line of defense,which is induced upon F.graminearum infection,is contributed by the limited suppression of photosynthesis and the struggle of biotic stress-responding genes.Meanwhile,the effective defense in XN979 leads to an inhibition of fungal gene expression,especially in the early infection stage.The formation of the FHB resistance in XN979 may coincide with the breeding strategies,such as selecting high grain yield and lodging resistance traits.This study will facilitate our understanding of wheat-F.graminearum interaction and is insightful for breeding FHB-resistant wheat.
文摘The local isolates of Trichoderma spp. and Fusarium solani were colected from citrus orchards in the Mekong delta of Vietnam and isolated on PDA, PDB and TSM medium for antagonism and Koch’s postulate testing. The results showed that the high chitinolytic enzymes content of Trichoderma isolates can antagonise with Fusarium solani isolates by preventing the germination of Fusarium macroconidia in in-vitro condition. There are five promising isolates of Trichoderma spp. having high antagonism with Fusarium solani. These Trichoderma isolates also grew well in rice straws, maize stems, weeds and water hyacinth biowaste materials. These results supply the promising trend for biological control of root rot disease on citrus orchards of the Mekong delta.
文摘The oil palm (Elaeisguineensis Jacq) is used worldwide in commercial agriculture for the production of palm oil, palm kernel oil and palm wine. It produces more oil per plant than any other oil-producing crop in the world. Production is constrained by several factors among which pests/diseases are of utmost importance. Vascular wilt (VW) caused by Fusarium oxysporum is the most devastating disease infecting this crop. Its soil-borne ecology has made the use of fungicides to manage this disease too expensive and inpragmatic. There is need for concerted research in the breeding and selection of wilt-tolerant progenies as an essential step in the management of Fusarium wilt disease. The study aims to assess the incidence and severity of vascular wilt among tested oil palm progenies, to evaluate the reduction in yield caused by the disease in the susceptible progenies and to identify the wilt-tolerant, high-yielding progenies. The study was carried out at Pamol Plantations Limited (PPL) in Ndian Estate (Ndian Division), in the Southwest Region of Cameroon. Three field trials were evaluated for tolerance/susceptibility to Fusarium wilt. Each trial consisted of 15 oil palm progenies replicated 4 times. Each progeny had 25 oil palm stands in each replicate. Hence, a total of 1500 oil palm stands were assessed. The experimental design was a randomized complete block (RCB) with trial codes: Trial 2001/1, planted in 2001;Trial 2001/2, planted in 2002;Trial 2001/3, planted in 2003. Each trail had an area of 12 ha, with a plant density of 143 palms·ha−1. Wilt incidence, severity, index, and yield were evaluated on 45 progenies from the 3 trails after identifying Fusarium oxysporum from oil palm plant part. Data was subjected to analysis of variance, Fischer’s least significant difference test (LSD) for mean separation. Identification of Fusarium was based on descriptive analysis. Incidence of VW in the 3 trials ranged from 1% - 39%. Also, 45% of infected plants were from progeny 676 while 1% was from progenies 689, 693, 694 and 710. Disease severity was from 0.9 in progeny 686 to 4.55 in 676. Wilt index ranged from 131 for progeny 694 and 710 to 495 for progenies 705. Out of the 45 progenies evaluated, 27 were tolerant (1 < 100) and 18 susceptible (1 ≥ 100). Within the tolerant progenies, 4 were significant (1 < 20) while 5 out of 18 were significantly susceptible (1 ≥ 185). Mean yield reduction of the susceptible progenies was 34.8% while in the tolerant progenies, it increased by 9.5% when compared to their controls. Progenies 702, 703 and 709 are recommended for planting based on the level of tolerance to Fusarium wilt disease and yield.
文摘Jute mallow is a nutritious leafy vegetable. The leaves are rich in proteins, vitamins and essential amino acids. Molecular characterization of Jute mallow with focus on improvement of leaf yield is scarcely reported. In the present study, inter sequence simple repeats (ISSR) molecular markers were employed to assess genetic diversity and relationships of 83 accessions of Jute mallow from different parts of Africa and Asia conserved at the World Vegetable Center East and Southern Africa. A total of 89 bands were amplified by 8 ISSR primers. Number of polymorphic bands per primer ranged from 2 to 6 with an average of 2.75 bands per primer. Polymorphic information content (PIC) values ranged from 0.390 to 0.760 with average of 0.53. Average Nei’s gene diversity (h) and Shannon’s information index (I) were 0.335 and 0.494 respectively. The highest pairwise genetic distance was 0.431 observed in a population from East Africa accessions. PC1 and PC2 axis explained 21.69% and 11.66% of the total variation respectively. UPGMA cluster analysis grouped the accessions into six main clusters at genetic similarity coefficient of 0.53 as standard value for classification. These results have important implications for jute mallow breeding and conservation.
基金supported by the Hunan Provincial Natural Science Foundation Youth Project,China(Grant No.2021JJ40433)the State Key Laboratory of Rice Biology Open Project,China(Grant No.20200301).
文摘Rice spikelet rot disease not only threatens rice yields but also poses risks to humans and animals due to the production of the category 2B carcinogen fumonisins by the pathogen Fusarium proliferatum.Nitrogen(N)metabolism is known to have a significant influence on fungal growth and the synthesis of secondary metabolites.AreA is a global N regulatory gene belonging to the GATA transcription factor family.In this study,we observed that theΔAreA mutant exhibited a notable reduction in growth rate and conidium production.Pathogenicity experiments revealed thatΔAreA had almost lost its ability to infect rice spikelets.
基金financed by the National Key Research and Development Program of China(2017YFD0200900)。
文摘Fusarium graminearum,the primary pathogenic fungus responsible for Fusarium head blight(FHB)in wheat,secretes abundant chemical compounds that interact with host plants.In this study,a secreted protein FgHrip1,isolated from the culture filtrate of F.graminearum,was found to induce typical cell death in tobacco.The FgHrip1 gene was then cloned and expressed in Escherichia coli.Further bioassay analysis showed that the recombinant FgHrip1 induced early defense induction events,such as reactive oxygen species(ROS)production,callose deposition,and up-regulation of defense-related genes in tobacco.Furthermore,FgHrip1 significantly enhanced immunity in tobacco seedlings against Pseudomonas syringae pv.tabaci 6605(Pst.6605)and tobacco mosaic virus(TMV).FgHrip1-treated wheat spikes also exhibited defense-related transcript accumulation and developed immunity against FHB infection.Whereas the expression of FgHrip1 was induced during the infection process,the deletion of the gene impaired the virulence of F.graminearum.Our results suggest that FgHrip1triggers immunity and induces disease resistance in tobacco and wheat,thereby providing new insight into strategy for biocontrol of FHB.
基金funded by the Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant No.32172512)the Jiangsu Agricultural Science and Technology Innovation Fund[Grant No.CX(20)2023]+1 种基金the Jiangsu Special Fund for Frontier Foundation Research of Carbon Peaking and Carbon Neutralization (Grant No.BK20220005)a project funded by the Priority Academic Program Development of Jiangsu Higher Education Institutions。
文摘Strawberry Fusarium wilt (SFW) is a systematic soil-borne disease caused by Fusarium oxysporum f.sp.fragaria (Fof),which infects the vascular bundles,blocking water and nutrient transport from roots to the aboveground.It is a severe pathogen which spreads rapidly and destroys strawberry production.Finding a way to control this disease is of great scientific value and practical importance.In this study,three fungi were isolated from the vascular tissues of sick strawberries in the field.After DNA sequencing,they were identified as Fof,Aspergillus fumigatus and Trichoderma harzianum,respectively,among which the first two are pathogens and the third is a probiotic.All fungi were controlled by thiophanate-methyl (TM),a commercial fungicide.On PDA medium,20 mg·L^(-1)5-aminolevulinic acid (ALA),a natural non-protein amino acid,promoted T.harzianum proliferation,but inhibited Fof and A.fumigatus.In confrontation test,the growth of Fof or A.fumigatus was inhibited by T.harzianum and exogenous ALA promoted T.harzianum growth but significantly inhibited the pathogen growth.When three species of fungi were separately or combinedly inoculated on healthy strawberry plants,T.harzianum promoted plant growth and development while Fof or A.fumigatus caused growth retardation,where Fof directly caused leaf yellowing and plant wilting.When the plants inoculated with different fungus were treated with ALA,the results turned out that ALA alleviated SFW symptoms by bidirectionally promoting T.harzianum proliferation and inhibiting Fof and A.fumigatus.Thus,ALA might be used in comprehensively controlling SFW in strawberry industry.
基金supported by the grants from the National Natural Science Foundation of China(U2004140)the Henan Provincial Science and Technology Major Project,China(221100110100)。
文摘Hyphal fusion(anastomosis)is a common process serving many important functions at various developmental stages in the life cycle of ascomycetous fungi.However,the biological roles and molecular mechanisms in plant pathogenic fungi were widely unknown.In this study,a hyphal fusion protein FpHam-2 was screened from a T-DNA insertion mutant library of Fusarium pseudograminearum,and FpHam-2 interacts with another 2 hyphal fusion protein homologues FpHam-3 and FpHam-4.Each of these 3 genes deletion mutant revealed in similar defective phenotypes compared with the WT and complemented strains,including reduction in growth rate,defects in hyphal fusion and conidiation,more sensitive for cell membrane,cell wall and oxidative stress responses,and decreased in virulence.The yeast two-hybrid assay was used to identify that FpHam-2 interacts with 3 autophagy-related proteins,including FpAtg3,FpAtg28 and FpAtg33.Furthermore,FpHam-2-deletion mutant showed decreased accumulation of autophagic bodies in hypha.In conclusion,FpHam-2,FpHam-3 and FpHam-4 have an essential role for hyphal fusion and regulating the growth,conidiation and virulence in F.pseudograminearum.
文摘Urinary tract infections (UTIs) caused by uropathogens are a significant public health problem, and their treatment primarily relies on antibiotic therapy. However, the increasing global development of antibiotic resistance necessitates updating diagnostic techniques to ensure higher sensitivity and specificity, especially with advancements in science and medicine. This study aimed to evaluate the prevalence of UTIs and antibiotic resistance profiles through urine culture, as well as to identify Klebsiella pneumoniae, Klebsiella oxytoca, and Acinetobacter spp. in urine samples using a molecular approach with multiplex real-time PCR. From May 3 to July 25, 2023, at the Pietro Annigoni Biomolecular Research Center (CERBA) and Saint Camille Hospital of Ouagadougou (HOSCO), 209 urine samples collected from patients with suspected UTIs were analyzed using both urine culture and multiplex real-time PCR. Among the 209 patients, 52.15% were male and 47.85% female, with an average age of 46.87 ± 21.33 years. Urine cultures revealed an overall UTI prevalence of 23.44%, with a prevalence of 8.13% in men versus 15.31% in women (P = 0.023). The bacterial prevalence rates were as follows: Escherichia coli (12.92%), Klebsiella spp. (7.18%), Enterobacter cloacae (1.44%), Staphylococcus aureus (0.96%), and other bacteria. Klebsiella spp. demonstrated 100% resistance to Amoxicillin and Amoxicillin/Clavulanic Acid, while Escherichia coli showed 96.2% and 65.4% resistance to Amoxicillin and Amoxicillin/Clavulanic Acid, respectively. PCR analysis of the target bacteria revealed mono-infection prevalence rates of Klebsiella pneumoniae (10.39%), Klebsiella oxytoca (7.79%), and Acinetobacter spp. (7.79%), along with a co-infection prevalence rate of Klebsiella pneumoniae/Acinetobacter spp. (1.30%). This study demonstrated that PCR, with its high sensitivity and specificity, could effectively distinguish Klebsiella pneumoniae from Klebsiella oxytoca and detect Acinetobacter spp. in less than 24 hours—something urine culture alone could not achieve. The relative ease of automating urine PCR testing, combined with its diagnostic accuracy and rapid turnaround time, makes it a valuable addition to modern medical practice for the laboratory diagnosis of UTIs.
基金supported by the earmarked fund for National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant No.31801816)National Modern Agro-industry Technology Research System(Grant No.CARS-27)Taishan scholar funded project(Grant No.TS20190923)。
文摘Apple replant disease(ARD)negatively affects plant growth and reduces yields in replanted orchards.In this study,biochar was applied to apple replant soil with Fusarium oxysporum.Our aim was to investigate whether biochar could promote plant growth and alleviate apple replant disease by reducing the growth of harmful soil microorganisms,changing soil microbial community structure and improving the soil environment.This experiment included five treatments:apple replant soil(CK),methyl bromide fumigation apple replant soil(FM),replant soil with biochar addition(2%),replant soil with F.oxysporum spore solution(8×10^(7)spores·mL^(-1)),and replant soil with biochar and F.oxysporum spore solution addition.Seedling biomass,the activity of antioxidant enzymes in the leaves and roots,and soil environmental variables were measured.Microbial community composition and community structure were analyzed using 16SrDNA and ITS2 gene sequencing.Biochar significantly reduced the abundance of F.oxysporum and increased soil microbial diversity and richness.Biochar also increased the soil enzyme activities(urease,invertase,neutral phosphatase,and catalase),the biomass(plant height,fresh weight,dry weight)and the activity of antioxidant enzymes(superoxide dismutase,peroxidase,and catalase).The root indexes of apple seedlings was also increased in replant soil by biochar.In sum,biochar promoted the growth of plants,improved the replant soil environment,and alleviated apple replant disease.
基金The National Natural Science Foundation of China under contract No.42130403the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities under contract No.202362003the National Key Research&Development Program of China under contract No.2017YFC1404300。
文摘Understan ding the mechanism of harmful algal bloom formation is vital for effectively preventing algal bloom outbreaks in coastal environments.Karenia spp.blooms in the East China Sea show a significant correlation with nutrient regimes.However,the impact of key components of nutrients,especially dissolved organic nitrogen(DON),on the blooms of Karenia spp.is not clear.Quantitative research is still lacking.In this study,the cruise observations,field mesocosm-flask culture experiments,and a multinitrogen-tri-phytoplankton-detritus model(NTPD) are combined to reveal the quantitative influence of nutrient regimes on the shift of Prorocentrum donghaiense and Karenia spp.in the East China Sea.It has a synchronism rhythm of diatom-P.donghaienseKarenia spp.-diatom loop in the field culture experiment,which is consistent with the results of the cruise observation.The results showed that the processes of terrigenous DON(TeDON) and dissolved inorganic nitrogen(DIN:NO_(3)^(-)-N,NH_(4)^(+)-N) absorption promoted P.donghaiense to become the dominant algae in the community;whereas the processes of DON from P.donghaiense absorption promoted Karenia spp.to become the dominant algae in ambient DIN exhaustion.In addition,the three-dimensional fluorescence components of humus C,tyrosine and fulvic acid can indicate the processes of growth and extinction of P.donghaiense and Karenia spp.,respectively.This study infers that P.donghaiense and Karenia spp.regime shift mechanism associated with the nutrient regime in coastal waters,which provides a scientific basis for the environmental management of coastal eco system health.
基金supported by grants from the National Natural Science Foundation of China(31901835)the Science and Technology Planning Project of Henan Province of China(212102110145)the International(Regional)Cooperation and Exchange Program of the National Natural Science Foundation of China(31961143018).
文摘Fusarium pseudograminearum is a devastating pathogen that causes Fusarium crown rot(FCR)in wheat and poses a significant threat to wheat production in terms of grain yield and quality.However,the mechanism by which F.pseudograminearum infects wheat remains unclear.In this study,we aimed to elucidate these mechanisms by constructing a T-DNA insertion mutant library for the highly virulent strain WZ-8A of F.pseudograminearum.By screening this mutant library,we identified nine independent mutants that displayed impaired pathogenesis in barley leaves.Among these mutants,one possessed a disruption in the gene FpRCO1 that is an ortholog of Saccharomyces cerevisiae RCO1,encoding essential component of the Rpd3S histone deacetylase complex in F.pseudograminearum.To further investigate the role of FpRCO1 in F.pseudograminearum,we employed a split-marker approach to knock out FpRCO1 in F.pseudograminearum WZ-8A.FpRCO1 deletion mutants exhibit reduced vegetative growth,conidium production,and virulence in wheat coleoptiles and barley leaves,whereas the complementary strain restores these phenotypes.Moreover,under stress conditions,the FpRCO1 deletion mutants exhibited increased sensitivity to NaCl,sorbitol,and SDS,but possessed reduced sensitivity to H_(2)O_(2)compared to these characteristics in the wild-type strain.RNA-seq analysis revealed that deletion of FpRCO1 affected gene expression(particularly the downregulation of TRI gene expression),thus resulting in significantly reduced deoxynivalenol(DON)production.In summary,our findings highlight the pivotal role of FpRCO1 in regulating vegetative growth and development,asexual reproduction,DON production,and pathogenicity of F.pseudograminearum.This study provides valuable insights into the molecular mechanisms underlying F.pseudograminearum infection in wheat and may pave the way for the development of novel strategies to combat this devastating disease.
