Towards the Idealization Procedure of BAN-Like Logics

We demonstrate the flaws of Mao's method, which is an augmentation ofprotocol idealization in BAN-like logics, and then offer some new idealization rules based on Mao'smethod. Furthermore, we give some theoretical analysis of our rules using the strand spaceformalism, and show the soundness of our idealization rules under strand spaces Some examples onusing the new rules to analyze security protocols are also concerned. Our idealization method ismore effective than Mao's method towards many protocol instances, and is supported by a formalmodel.

Reformulation of Relativistic Quantum Field Theory Using Region-Like Idealization of the Elementary Particle

The existence of any elementary particle in universe requires the existence of some region of universe occupied by it. By taking the volume of this occupied region, the author will reformulate the relativistic quantum field theory using new 3-dimensional region-like idealization of elementary particles and hereinafter will call the total volume of all regions occupied by the elementary constituent particles of the quantum system the occupied volume. Also the author will call the set of all regions of universe filled by elementary constituent particles of the quantum system the occupied path. Always any quantum system is existed at a head of its occupied path. This path is growing by mutual filling and leaving regions of universe by its elementary constituent particles. The conservation of this elementary constituent particle requires the conservation of its occupied volume during this process. This requirement could be summarized by the following conditions: 1) the total volume of all regions of universe filled by the elementary constituent particles of the quantum system minus the total volume of all regions of universe left by these elementary constituent particles must be equal to the occupied volume of the quantum system;2) the total increase in the occupied volume of the quantum system due to the absorption of another elementary particles from outside its occupied regions minus the total decreasing in its occupied volume due to the emission of another elementary particles outside its occupied regions must be equal to the occupied volume of it. The wave-particle duality of the elementary constituent particles implied accumulation of them as the finite set of interfered waves. This accumulation of elementary constituent particles causes the absolute probabilistic nature of event of finding the elementary consistent particle in specified interfered wave, and hence the mathematical representation of this interfered wave should take into account the value of probability amplitude of finding an elementary particle inside the region occupied specified interfered wave. In quantum theory this probability amplitude corresponds to complex amplitude of the wave function of interfered wave. Also in Hilbert’s representation of the quantum theory these wave functions are representing the components of the quantum state vector. In this paper the author will develop the transformation theory of the region-like quantum state of the quantum system.

基于多端交互协同的“IDeal”智能社区终端开发与设计

智慧社区是通过各种智能技术和方式整合社区现有的各类服务资源,为社区业主提供便捷服务的新模式、新平台。为迎合市场需求和填补商场空缺,实现社区主要服务项目的数字化管理,“IDeal”智能社区终端采取多端交互协同的设计方案,从业主和社区管理人员2个方面进行设计,通过采取TCP/IP协议、部署云端服务器等,轻松实现了业主移动终端和管理人员PC端的实时交互。整体终端系统设计从实际出发,紧密贴合了物业管理服务和社区业主的需要,应用效果较好,克服了同类软件的弊端,提升了社区管理服务的数字化、智能化水平。

On the Optimal Initial Inner-Core Size for Tropical Cyclone Intensification: An Idealized Numerical Study

Recent observational and numerical studies have revealed the dependence of the intensification rate on the inner-core size of tropical cyclones(TCs). In this study, with the initial inner-core size(i.e., the radius of maximum wind—RMW)varied from 20–180 km in idealized simulations using two different numerical models, we found a nonmonotonic dependence of the lifetime maximum intensification rate(LMIR) on the inner-core size. Namely, there is an optimal innercore size for the LMIR of a TC. Tangential wind budget analysis shows that, compared to large TCs, small TCs have large inward flux of absolute vorticity due to large absolute vorticity inside the RMW. However, small TCs also suffer from strong lateral diffusion across the eyewall, which partly offsets the positive contribution from large inward flux of absolute vorticity. These two competing processes ultimately lead to the TC with an intermediate initial inner-core size having the largest LMIR. Results from sensitivity experiments show that the optimal size varies in the range of 40–120 km and increases with higher sea surface temperature, lower latitude, larger horizontal mixing length, and weaker initial TC intensity. The 40–120 km RMW corresponds to the inner-core size most commonly found for intensifying TCs in observations, suggesting the natural selection of initial TC size for intensification. This study highlights the importance of accurate representation of TC inner-core size to TC intensity forecasts by numerical weather prediction models.

INCOMPRESSIBLE LIMIT OF IDEAL MAGNETOHYDRODYNAMICS IN A DOMAIN WITH BOUNDARIES

We study the incompressible limit of classical solutions to compressible ideal magneto-hydrodynamics in a domain with a flat boundary.The boundary condition is characteristic and the initial data is general.We first establish the uniform existence of classical solutions with respect to the Mach number.Then,we prove that the solutions converge to the solution of the incompressible MHD system.In particular,we obtain a stronger convergence result by using the dispersion of acoustic waves in the half space.

基于“IDEAL”模式的物理问题解决能力培养研究

学生“物理问题解决能力弱”是长期困扰物理教学的问题,认知心理学关于问题解决的“IDEAL”模式为该问题的研究提供了新的视角。以2022年全国乙卷理综第25题为例,借助“IDEAL”模式可以清晰地梳理问题解决的过程,明确各阶段学生遇到的困难及成因。研究发现,借助“读思达”教学法,通过粗读、精读等过程,可以有效帮助学生建构物理模型、理清物理过程,从而提高物理问题解决能力。

APPROXIMATELY ARTINIAN(NOETHERIAN)C*-ALGEBRAS

In this article,we introduce and study the class of approximately Artinian(Noetherian)C^(*)-algebras,called AR-algebras(AN-algebras),which is a simultaneous generalization of Artinian(Noetherian)C*-algebras and AF-algebras.We study properties such as the ideal property and topological dimension zero for them.In particular,we show that a faithful AR or AN algebra is strongly purely infinite iff it is purely infinite iff it is weakly purely infinite.This extends the Kirchberg's O_(∞)-absorption theorem,and implies that a weakly purely infinite C^(*)-algebra is Noetherian iff every its ideal has a full projection.

An Unconventional Divergence Preserving Finite-Volume Discretization of Lagrangian Ideal MHD

We construct an unconventional divergence preserving discretization of updated Lagrangian ideal magnetohydrodynamics(MHD)over simplicial grids.The cell-centered finite-volume(FV)method employed to discretize the conservation laws of volume,momentum,and total energy is rigorously the same as the one developed to simulate hyperelasticity equations.By construction this moving mesh method ensures the compatibility between the mesh displacement and the approximation of the volume flux by means of the nodal velocity and the attached unit corner normal vector which is nothing but the partial derivative of the cell volume with respect to the node coordinate under consideration.This is precisely the definition of the compatibility with the Geometrical Conservation Law which is the cornerstone of any proper multi-dimensional moving mesh FV discretization.The momentum and the total energy fluxes are approximated utilizing the partition of cell faces into sub-faces and the concept of sub-face force which is the traction force attached to each sub-face impinging at a node.We observe that the time evolution of the magnetic field might be simply expressed in terms of the deformation gradient which characterizes the Lagrange-to-Euler mapping.In this framework,the divergence of the magnetic field is conserved with respect to time thanks to the Piola formula.Therefore,we solve the fully compatible updated Lagrangian discretization of the deformation gradient tensor for updating in a simple manner the cell-centered value of the magnetic field.Finally,the sub-face traction force is expressed in terms of the nodal velocity to ensure a semi-discrete entropy inequality within each cell.The conservation of momentum and total energy is recovered prescribing the balance of all the sub-face forces attached to the sub-faces impinging at a given node.This balance corresponds to a vectorial system satisfied by the nodal velocity.It always admits a unique solution which provides the nodal velocity.The robustness and the accuracy of this unconventional FV scheme have been demonstrated by employing various representative test cases.Finally,it is worth emphasizing that once you have an updated Lagrangian code for solving hyperelasticity you also get an almost free updated Lagrangian code for solving ideal MHD ensuring exactly the compatibility with the involution constraint for the magnetic field at the discrete level.

Yeats’s Ideals:Women Old and Young

William Butler Yeats ranks among the most widely admired and intensively studied poets of the 20th century.This paper intends to explore the women who have exerted the most critical influences upon Yeats,namely Gonne,Lady Gregory,and Georgie Hyde-Lees.Even in Yeats’s poetry involved with symbolism,it is worth noting that his employment of symbols has used these women as the archetypes,and that the historical context rendered Yeats’s representations of them in his poetry all the more interesting.

For the Ideal Homeland

A town planner combines British experience with Chinese concept of harmony to build green,low-carbon,and sustainable cities.YANG Wei is a woman who wears many hats.An internationally renowned town planner and urban designer,she is held in high esteem in the academic and planning communities in the U.K.and is a fellow of the U.K.Academy of Social Sciences and former president of the Royal Town Planning Institute(RTPI)based in London.She is also chief executive and co-founder of the Digital Task Force for Planning(DTFP),a non-profit social enterprise,and founding director of London-based planning and urban design firm Wei Yang&Partners.

Hypothetical Dark Matter Explains the Origin of Subatomic Universe: FEP-Theory

Although the standard model provides a suitable pattern based on observable experimental data, it cannot explain dark matter, gravitation, the structural nature of the fundamental particles, and charges. In this paper, a new theory about the nature of charges, particles and proposed structures for atoms were presented. This theory explains how an ideal quantum fluid (IQF) including hypothetical dark matter or fundamental elementary particles (FEPs) can produce the building blocks of matter. This theory describes quadruple blocks with two types of independent charges that can create different characteristics for these building blocks. Quadruple blocks have similarities and differences with the fundamental particles in standard model. This theory also explains the possible mechanism of creation the next generation of particles such as protons and neutrons.

A New Class of Simple,General and Efficient Finite Volume Schemes for Overdetermined Thermodynamically Compatible Hyperbolic Systems

In this paper,a new efficient,and at the same time,very simple and general class of thermodynamically compatiblefinite volume schemes is introduced for the discretization of nonlinear,overdetermined,and thermodynamically compatiblefirst-order hyperbolic systems.By construction,the proposed semi-discrete method satisfies an entropy inequality and is nonlinearly stable in the energy norm.A very peculiar feature of our approach is that entropy is discretized directly,while total energy conservation is achieved as a mere consequence of the thermodynamically compatible discretization.The new schemes can be applied to a very general class of nonlinear systems of hyperbolic PDEs,including both,conservative and non-conservative products,as well as potentially stiff algebraic relaxation source terms,provided that the underlying system is overdetermined and therefore satisfies an additional extra conservation law,such as the conservation of total energy density.The proposed family offinite volume schemes is based on the seminal work of Abgrall[1],where for thefirst time a completely general methodology for the design of thermodynamically compatible numerical methods for overdetermined hyperbolic PDE was presented.We apply our new approach to three particular thermodynamically compatible systems:the equations of ideal magnetohydrodynamics(MHD)with thermodynamically compatible generalized Lagrangian multiplier(GLM)divergence cleaning,the unifiedfirst-order hyperbolic model of continuum mechanics proposed by Godunov,Peshkov,and Romenski(GPR model)and thefirst-order hyperbolic model for turbulent shallow waterflows of Gavrilyuk et al.In addition to formal mathematical proofs of the properties of our newfinite volume schemes,we also present a large set of numerical results in order to show their potential,efficiency,and practical applicability.

Solving Some Problems and Elimination in Systems of Polynomial Equations

In a factorial ring, we can define the p.g.c.d. of two elements (defined to the nearest unit) and the notion of prime elements between them. More generally, Bezout’s identity characterizes two prime elements in a main ring. A ring that satisfies the property of the theorem is called a Bezout ring. We have given some geometry theorems that can be proved algebraically, although the methods of geometry and, in particular, of projective geometry are by far the most beautiful. Most geometric problems actually involve polynomial equations and can be translated into the language of polynomial ideals. We have given a few examples of a different nature without pretending to make a general theory.

Derivation of a Revised Tsiolkovsky Rocket Equation That Predicts Combustion Oscillations

Our study identifies a subtle deviation from Newton’s third law in the derivation of the ideal rocket equation, also known as the Tsiolkovsky Rocket Equation (TRE). TRE can be derived using a 1D elastic collision model of the momentum exchange between the differential propellant mass element (dm) and the rocket final mass (m1), in which dm initially travels forward to collide with m1 and rebounds to exit through the exhaust nozzle with a velocity that is known as the effective exhaust velocity ve. We observe that such a model does not explain how dm was able to acquire its initial forward velocity without the support of a reactive mass traveling in the opposite direction. We show instead that the initial kinetic energy of dm is generated from dm itself by a process of self-combustion and expansion. In our ideal rocket with a single particle dm confined inside a hollow tube with one closed end, we show that the process of self-combustion and expansion of dm will result in a pair of differential particles each with a mass dm/2, and each traveling away from one another along the tube axis, from the center of combustion. These two identical particles represent the active and reactive sub-components of dm, co-generated in compliance with Newton’s third law of equal action and reaction. Building on this model, we derive a linear momentum ODE of the system, the solution of which yields what we call the Revised Tsiolkovsky Rocket Equation (RTRE). We show that RTRE has a mathematical form that is similar to TRE, with the exception of the effective exhaust velocity (ve) term. The ve term in TRE is replaced in RTRE by the average of two distinct exhaust velocities that we refer to as fast-jet, vx1, and slow-jet, vx2. These two velocities correspond, respectively, to the velocities of the detonation pressure wave that is vectored directly towards the exhaust nozzle, and the retonation wave that is initially vectored in the direction of rocket propagation, but subsequently becomes reflected from the thrust surface of the combustion chamber to exit through the exhaust nozzle with a time lag behind the detonation wave. The detonation-retonation phenomenon is supported by experimental evidence in the published literature. Finally, we use a convolution model to simulate the composite exhaust pressure wave, highlighting the frequency spectrum of the pressure perturbations that are generated by the mutual interference between the fast-jet and slow-jet components. Our analysis offers insights into the origin of combustion oscillations in rocket engines, with possible extensions beyond rocket engineering into other fields of combustion engineering.

The Axiology of Consciousness in Mocombeian Consciousness Field Theory

This work explores the axiology of consciousness in Mocombe’s consciousness field in the material world.The paper critically assesses Mocombe’s consciousness field theory(CFT)within the larger body of contemporary ontological debates regarding the nature,origin,and constitution of consciousness in the universe.The work goes on to highlight the manifestation of Mocombe’s consciousness field in the material resource framework that is the earth,and the nature and origins of ethics and values.

An Empirical Evaluation of the Impact of Moral and Law Course Teaching on the Effectiveness of University Students’Ideals and Beliefs Education

The Moral and Law course serves as a critical platform for educating university students about ideals and beliefs,and it has a significant impact on the effectiveness of ideals and beliefs education.This paper establishes a mechanism through which Moral and Law course teaching influences the effectiveness of ideals and beliefs education and conducts an empirical evaluation.The results reveal that factors such as the relevance and applicability of the teaching content,the integration of theory and practice,the innovation,interactivity,and participation of teaching methods,as well as classroom atmosphere,teaching facilities,and campus culture,all have a significant positive impact on the effectiveness of ideals and beliefs education for university students.

IDEAL序列在脊柱脂肪抑制中的应用

目的比较IDEALT2WI、FSET2WI序列在脊柱脂肪抑制扫描中的应用价值。资料与方法 35例脊柱MRI检查患者(颈椎10例、胸椎8例、腰椎17例)同时采用IDEALT2WI、FSET2WI两种脂肪抑制序列扫描,对图像脂肪抑制质量进行主观评价分级评估并测量信噪比。结果 FSET2WI脂肪抑制质量主观评价分级为颈椎(1.30±0.48)级、胸椎(1.80±0.71)级、腰椎(2.30±0.69)级,而IDEALT2WI序列颈、胸椎均为(3.00±0.00)级、腰椎为(2.80±0.56)级;FSET2WI脂肪抑制序列信噪比平均值分别为颈(8.73±4.66)、胸(11.33±9.27)、腰(6.81±10.15),IDEALT2WI序列信噪比平均值分别为颈(18.90±7.71)、胸(26.02±11.61)、腰(19.57±9.12),两序列信噪比差异有统计学意义(t=3.73、5.72、11.23,P<0.05)。结论脊柱MRI脂肪抑制扫描IDEALT2WI序列优于FSET2WI序列,IDEALT2WI序列能提供更均匀稳定的脂肪抑制效果,脊柱图像信噪比高,可清晰显示脊柱病变。

求解流动与传热问题的一种高效稳定的分离式算法—IDEAL

本文提出了一种求解流动与传热问题的高效稳定的分离式算法—IDEAL(Inner Doubly-iterative Efficient Algorithm for Linked-equations)。在IDEAL算法中每个迭代层次上对压力方程进行两次内迭代计算,第一次内迭代过程用于克服SIMPLE算法的第一个假设,第二次内迭代过程用于克服SIMPLE算法的第二个假设。这样在每个迭代层次上充分满足了速度和压力之间的耦合,从而大大提高了计算的收敛速度和计算过程的稳定性。本文通过2个三维不可压缩流动和传热的算例对IDEAL算法与其它三个被广泛使用的算法(SIMPLER、SIMPLEC和PISO)进行了比较。通过分析比较得出IDEAL算法在收敛性和健壮性上均优于SIMPLER、SIMPLEC和PISO算法。在这2个算例中IDEAL算法几乎可以在任意的松弛因子下获得收敛的解,并且IDEAL算法所需最短计算时间较SIMPLER算法减少12.9%～52.6%;较SIMPLEC算法减少48.3%～79.1%;较PISO算法减少10.7%～46.5%。

Implicative and Fuzzy Implicative Ideals of Lattice Implication Algebras

In this paper, we defined the concept of implicative and fuzzy implicative ideals of lattice implication algebras, and discussed the properties of them. And then, we pointed out the relations between implicative ideal and LI _ideal, implicative iedal and implicative filter, implicative ideal and fuzzy implicative ideal, fuzzy implicative ideal and fuzzy implicative filter, and fuzzy implicative ideal and fuzzy LI _ideal.

3.0T MR IDEAL和T2 mapping成像在腰椎间盘退变中的应用

目的探讨磁共振IDEAL和T2mapping成像技术在腰椎间盘退变中的应用价值。方法前瞻性选择有腰椎间盘退变症状的患者30例,分别进行腰椎矢状位T2 IDEAL成像、矢状位T1Flair加权成像、横轴位椎间盘T2FSE成像及矢状位T2mapping成像。在矢状位IDEAL水相位图像上,参考Pfirrmann分级方法,把L2-L3、L3-L4、L4-L5、L5-S1椎间盘进行分级,然后在正中矢状位T2 mapping图像上选择感兴趣区(ROI),测量椎间盘中髓核(NP)的T2值,进行统计学分析,比较分析椎间盘退变分级与T2值之间的相关性。结果一共测量120个椎间盘T2值,随着分级的增加,L2-S1椎间盘NP的T2值减小,Ⅳ级与Ⅴ级间差异无统计学意义(p>0.05),其余各级间差异具有统计学意义(p<0.05)。结论 IDEAL和T2 mapping成像结合起来分析,定性定量的观察椎间盘退变情况,在椎间盘退变中具有较高的应用价值。