Effects of Yerba Mate Consumption (Ilex paraguariensis) on Cardiac Remodeling in Rats

This study investigated the effects of yerba mate consumption, a South American beverage, on cardiac remodeling in rats. For this purpose, 24 male Wistar rats were divided into Control Group (CG) which received filtered water and a standard diet, and Yerba Mate Group (YM), 6 g of Ilex paraguariensis in 100 ml water and the same diet, for 30 days. The YM group showed a reduction in final body weight and food consumption without altering weight gain. Regarding cardiac remodeling, the YM group exhibited a decrease in the right ventricle weight/final body weight ratio, suggesting cardiac atrophy, without affecting the atria and left ventricle. There was no change in cardiomyocyte area or nuclear fractal dimension in both groups. However, animals that consumed yerba mate showed increased collagen deposition and a smaller fractal dimension in the left ventricle. The consumption of yerba mate at room temperature for 30 days induced changes in cardiac remodeling, as evidenced by increased collagen deposition and alterations in fractal dimension in the left ventricle.

不同时期大叶苦丁茶(Ilex latifolia Thunb.)不同器官中咖啡酰奎宁酸类成分的毛细管电泳分析（英文）

大叶苦丁茶(Ilex latifolia Thunb.)含有丰富的咖啡酰奎宁酸。在本研究中,运用胶束电动毛细管色谱法,测定了在不同发育时期的大叶苦丁茶不同器官中的咖啡酰奎宁酸含量。大叶苦丁茶的不同器官在不同发育时期的咖啡酰奎宁酸含量有着显著的变化。在叶片中,10天叶龄的叶的咖啡酰奎宁酸含量是19.78 g/100 g,而当叶龄达到12月时,其中的咖啡酰奎宁酸含量已经降为1.41 g/100 g。随着发育时间的增长,雌花、雄花中的含量变化也有类似的变化。雌花(果)和雄花在发育期为10天时的咖啡酰奎宁酸含量高:分别20.29 g/100 g和18.06 g/100g,随后在雌花发育成的7个月果实中下降到0.16 g/100 g,而在40天期接近脱落的雄花中其含量降为10.36 g/100 g。大叶苦丁茶的器官中,除了嫩叶,雄花由于高含量的咖啡酰奎宁酸和较多的生物量,也是一种好的咖啡酰奎宁酸来源材料。本文首次报道了大叶苦丁茶的花中含有大量的咖啡酰奎宁酸。MEKC方法也是首次被用于苦丁茶中的咖啡酰奎宁酸类成分的测定,使用这种方法,大叶苦丁茶中的6种咖啡酰奎宁酸成分在40分钟内完全分离。相较于以前文献中报道的高效液相色谱法,本文为苦丁茶中的咖啡酰奎宁酸的质量控制提供了一种新的检测方法。

Primary Research on UVB-irradiation Protective Effect of Total Flavonoids from Large-leaved Kuding Tea (Ilex latifolia Thunb.)

Total flavonoids extracted from large-leaved Kuding tea(Ilex latifolia Thunb.) were investigated to develop anti-UV sun-screening agents. The results showed that total flavonoids of I. latifolia Thunb.(TFILT) showed maximum absorb peak at 325 nm between UVB and UVA by wavelength scanning spectrum. TFILT could inhibit the decrease of cell viability induced by UVB irradiation by CCK-8 method, and 0.25 mg/ml of TFILT showed the most significant protective activity on cells. The dermal thickness and collagen fiber density as skin structural characteristic were analyzed by Histological staining. The results showed that TFILT protected mice skin by significantly attenuating the dermal thickness and inhibiting collagen fiber degradation. The mechanism in vivo needs to be further confirmed in future.

Effects of Canopy Closure on Photosynthetic Characteristics of Ilex latifolia Thunb.in Phyllostachys pubescens Forests

Plantation under the forest is a good way of agroforestry,but the canopy closure has a great influence on understory herbs’growth.In the study,different canopy closures of Phyllostachys pubescens forests were set up to explore its influence on the growth of Ilex latifolia Thunb.The photosynthetic characteristics of Ilex latifolia leaves under different canopy closures were determined by Li-6400 portable photosynthetic system.The results showed that the net photosynthetic rate curve of Ilex latifolia leaves of T1(canopy closure of 0.56)was bimodal with an obvious"midday depression"phenomenon,while the net photosynthetic rate curves of T2(canopy closure of 0.72)and T3(canopy closure of 0.86)were unimodal.The results of light response curve showed that the photosynthetically active radiation and transpiration rate reduced with the increasing of canopy closures.The photosynthetically active radiation,transpiration rate,stomatal conductance,and net photosynthetic rate of Ilex latifolia leaves of T2 were higher than those of T3.Although the net photosynthetic rate of T2 was lower than that of T1,it had no obvious photo-inhibition which affected plant growth.Overall,the canopy closure of 0.72 was more suitable for the growth of Ilex latifolia.The herb plantation in the bamboo forest should be considered with the canopy closure for a better growth.

Substrate,Hormone,Winnowing,and Stratification Influence the Seed Germination of Ilex asprella(Hook.et Arn.)Champ.ex Benth

Ilex asprella(Hook.et Arn.)Champ.ex Benth is one of the most important traditional Chinese medicines in southern China.The seeds of Ilex asprella usually have extremely low germination due to their dormancy characteristics,which severely impacts the efficiency of seedling raising and increases labor costs.In this study,to improve the seed germination of I.asprella,the effects of germination substrate,hormone,winnowing,and stratification treatments on the seed germination of I.asprella were investigated.The results of the germination matrix showed that the highest germination percentage of 45.2%was achieved under the 20℃/10℃day/night temperature and vermiculite germination medium conditions.The results of hormone treatments revealed that 100–400 mg/L of gibberellin(GA)and 50–100 mg/L of salicylic acid(SA)were found to be effective in releasing the dormancy of I.asprella seeds.Moreover,winnowing could effectively eliminate unsaturated seeds and impurities,thus improving the seed germination of I.asprella.Furthermore,warm temperature(15℃)stratification could expand the temperature range of I.asprella’s seed germination,which was beneficial for seed germination of I.asprella and for seed nursery at room temperature in production practice.The present study obtained a method to break dormancy and increase seed germination in I.asprella,thereby forming a groundwork for improving the efficiency of large-scale planting of I.asprella.

Postharvest Application of 1-Methylcyclopropene Maintains Quality and Extends the Shelf-Life of Zizania latifolia during Storage at 25˚C

The effects of 1-methylcyclopropene (1-MCP) on postharvest quality of Zizania latifolia during storage at 25˚C were investigated. The results pointed out that a postharvest application of 1-MCP maintained the good visual appearance of fresh Z. latifolia, inhibited browning, mildew and weight loss at the bottom of Z. latifolia, and there is no significant changes on L, a*, b* and ΔE during the whole storage period. In addition, 1-MCP treatment inhibited the respiratory intensity of Z. latifolia during the first three days of storage, but it was significantly higher than that of the control on the sixth day of storage. Compared with the control, 1-MCP treatment maintained relatively high SOD, CAT, APX activities and low PAL, POD, PLD, lipase and LOX activities, delayed the decline of AsA content, reduced the accumulation of O2-, H2O2 and MDA, and ultimately maintained the integrity of cell structure and delayed the senescence of Z. latifolia. In addition, positive effects of 1-MCP on maintaining the cell structure integrity were observed in this investigation throughout the storage period at 25˚C.

Pharmacognostic Identification of Borreriae Strictae Herba and Borreriae Latifoliae Herba

[Objectives]This study was conducted to identify and compare Borreria stricta(Linn.f.)G.Mey.and Borreria latifolia(Aubl.)K.Schum.,so as to provide a basis for their pharmacognostic identification.[Methods]The identification of B.stricta and B.latifolia was carried out by identification of origin,character identification,microscopic identification.[Results](i)Identification of origin:①B.stricta:B.stricta is an annual erect slender herb.The stem is quadrangular,rarely branched.The leaves are leathery,nearly sessile,fusiform or lanceolate bar-shaped,tapered at the top,narrowed at the base,and rough on both sides.When fresh,they are dark green.The stipules are nearly glabrous,and there are spines longer than the inflorescence at the top.②B.latifoli:B.latifoli is an annual loose stout herb,covered with hair.The stem is quadrangular,and has narrow wings on the edges.The leaves are elliptic or oval and oblong,yellow green when fresh.The stipules are membranous and covered with coarse bristles,and they have bristles longer than the sheath on the top.(ii)Character identification:①B.stricta:The roots of B.stricta has a rough,dense and hard texture with many transverse folds on the surface and many fiber thorns and cracks on the fracture surface.B.stricta tastes bitter.②B.latifoli:The roots of B.latifoli is slightly fleshy,flexible and hard to be broken.The stem is obviously quadrangular,hairy.B.latifoli tastes bitter and irritative.(iii)Microscopic identification:①B.stricta:The false annual rings are obvious in the cross section of the roots of B.stricta.The cross section of the stem looks like a round square with four short wings at the corners.Calcium oxalate needle crystal bundles can be seen in the leaf cross section.②B.latifoli:Calcium oxalate needle crystal bundles can be seen in the root and stem cross sections of B.latifoli.The cross section of the stem is unrepresentative square,with wide and long wings at the corners.In the cross section of leaves,non-glandular hairs can be seen in the upper and lower epidermis cells.[Conclusions]The above three identification methods can effectively identify B.stricta and B.latifolia.

4个北美冬青品种对干旱胁迫的应激反应及耐旱性比较

为研究北美冬青(Ilex verticillata)品种的耐旱性,以4个北美冬青品种‘Red Sprite’(Rp)、‘Gray’(Gr),‘Oosterwijk’(Os)、‘Winter Gold’(Gd) 2年生扦插苗为试验材料,分别干旱处理6 d(轻度干旱)和12 d(重度干旱),研究北美冬青对干旱胁迫的生理反应及抗氧化机制,并通过主成分分析法综合评价4个北美冬青品种的耐旱性。结果表明:随着干旱胁迫强度的增加,4个北美冬青品种的叶片含水量、光合色素质量分数均逐渐降低,相对电导率和丙二醛质量分数均逐渐增加。干旱强度大,这些指标的变化幅度也大,其中,Os的相对电导率、Gd的丙二醛质量分数的增幅最大。干旱胁迫也导致了活性氧的激增,特别是重度干旱情况时,4个品种体内的活性氧质量分数(超氧阴离子自由基、H_(2)O_(2))显著增加,其中,Gr的H_(2)O_(2)与Os的超氧阴离子自由基质量分数增幅最大。干旱情况,各品种的抗氧化酶(超氧化物歧化酶、过氧化物酶和谷胱甘肽还原酶)活性显著增强,抗氧化物(抗坏血酸和还原型谷胱甘肽)质量分数也都出现显著增加,其中,Gr的谷胱甘肽还原酶活性、还原型谷胱甘肽、抗坏血酸质量分数3个指标在严重干旱情况时,上升幅度更加显著,分别比对照提高了225.4%、274.3%、174.8%,说明Gr的AsA-GSH循环在抗氧化系统中起着更重要的作用,能够使其体内的应激反应与活性氧清除处于动态平衡状态,因而,Gr更加耐旱些。通过主成分分析进行耐旱性综合评价,4个品种的耐旱性从强到弱依次为Gr、Rp、Os、Gd。

6种双歧杆菌发酵对绣球菌营养成分及抗氧化活性的影响

以筛选适宜绣球菌发酵并提升营养功效的双歧杆菌菌株为目标,选用6种双歧杆菌分别对绣球菌子实体进行液体发酵。通过测定6种双歧杆菌发酵前后绣球菌菌浆中的pH、总酸、可溶性粗多糖、总氨基酸、总多酚及抗氧化活性等指标,评价选用的双歧杆菌的发酵效果。结果表明,6种供试菌菌株均可在绣球菌菌浆中发酵产酸,其中长双歧杆菌长亚种的发酵物总酸最高,达到83.66 g·kg^(-1),发酵产物的抗氧化活性增幅也最为明显,其DPPH自由基清除率为56.06%,总抗氧化能力为0.66μmol·mL^(-1)。两双歧杆菌可显著提升发酵物中可溶性多糖的含量,相比于对照组其含量可提高74.56%。6种供试菌株均可不同程度提高发酵物中的氨基酸含量,其中青春双歧杆菌发酵产物氨基酸含量提升幅度最高,相对于对照组提高率为24.76%。

茭虾共作对土壤氮磷含量和茭白干物质积累及氮磷钾吸收分配的影响

为探究茭白种养模式的施肥策略,设置茭虾共作(ZC)、茭白单作(Z)2个处理,研究茭虾共作对土壤氮磷含量、茭白产量和茭白干物质积累及氮磷钾吸收分配的影响。2021-2022年的研究结果显示,茭虾共作模式较茭白单作模式采茭期土壤中全氮、全磷、速效磷的含量分别提高了10.85%~38.89%、5.45%~13.79%、6.19%~61.79%,净茭产量提高了5.10%~19.54%,采茭期茭白茎、叶、净茭的干物质积累量分别增加14.41%~16.58%、10.28%~15.15%、10.57%~21.45%。2021年茭虾共作处理较茭白单作处理在采茭期叶的氮含量显著增加了25.74%,但在孕茭期茎中磷含量显著减少了16.76%;2022年氮肥减量、减量投喂下,茭虾共作处理较茭白单作处理在孕茭期茎的氮含量显著减少了23.75%,在分蘖期叶中磷含量显著减少了12.08%,2a全生育期同一器官的钾含量在2个处理间差异不显著。对于养分积累,2021年茭虾共作处理在分蘖期叶的氮、磷、钾积累量较茭白单作处理分别减少26.04%、27.27%、30.11%,但在采茭期茎的氮、钾积累量和叶的氮、磷积累量较茭白单作处理分别增加18.80%、38.41%和44.77%、35.71%;2022年在氮肥减量、饲料减量投喂下,茭虾共作处理在采茭期叶的磷积累量和茎的钾积累量较茭白单作处理显著增加30.0%和30.77%。关于养分分配,2种处理的茭白在孕茭期和采茭期氮素的分配均以茎、叶为主,而磷、钾元素的分配均以茎为主,茎分配比例在42%~66%。对于养分转运,2021年2种处理茭白的根、茎、叶在氮、磷转运上大多为表现为“库”器官,而在钾转运上大多表现为“源”器官;2022年氮肥减量、减量投喂下,茭白的根、茎、叶在氮、磷、钾转运量上大多表现为“源”器官。因此,在茭虾共作模式中适当减少肥料、饲料的投入,能促进形成合理的源库关系,有利于茭白产量的形成。

小果冬青组织培养和瓶外生根关键因子研究

为建立小果冬青组织培养高效繁育技术体系,该研究分析了诸多因子对组织培养苗增殖及其瓶外生根情况的影响。通过正交试验,研究生长调节剂种类、质量浓度和蔗糖含量对小果冬青苗增殖系数的影响以及生根剂种类、质量浓度、处理时间和基质类型对小果冬青组织培养苗瓶外生根的影响。结果表明:影响小果冬青茎段芽增殖的主要因素为6-BA和蔗糖含量,较佳配比方案:6-BA质量浓度为0.5 mg/L,NAA质量浓度为0.1 mg/L,蔗糖含量为40 g/L,此时小果冬青组织培养苗增殖系数为4.52。影响小果冬青瓶外生根效果的主次顺序为基质类型、生根剂处理时间、生根剂质量浓度、生根剂种类。选用生根剂种类为IBA,质量浓度为200 mg/L,处理时间为1 min,基质为泥炭,此时小果冬青组织培养苗瓶外生根率为84.44%,生根数5.36,平均根长3.78 cm。

杉木屑对广叶绣球菌菌丝生长及鲜菇产量的影响

为挖掘适宜绣球菌栽培的新型基质,以杉木屑、松木屑为栽培主料,设置6种不同栽培配方,研究杉木屑部分或全部代替松木屑栽培广叶绣球菌的可行性。试验结果:杉木屑替换部分松木屑后,栽培基质C/N变化不明显,菌丝生长速率显著提高;当杉木屑用量占总木屑用量的20%~60%时,鲜菇产量与不添加杉木屑的对照配方无显著性差异,随着用量持续增加,鲜菇产量下降。综合菌丝生长速率、采收率及鲜菇产量等因素,将杉木屑占总木屑用量的比例控制在60%以下,对绣球菌的生长发育影响不显著。

快速高效区分黄檀属黑酸枝木的方法-GC/MS指纹图谱

采用气相色谱-质谱指纹图谱分别鉴定阔叶黄檀、卢氏黑黄檀、东非黑黄檀和伯利兹黄檀木材。以二氯甲烷提取样品中的特定化合物,采用气相色谱-质谱法分析提取物,建立目标物色谱图。采用二氯甲烷溶剂提取阔叶黄檀、卢氏黑黄檀、东非黑黄檀和伯利兹黄檀4种黄檀属黑酸枝木,其提取液用气相色谱质谱联用仪分析,结果显示该4种树种的特征色谱峰不同。阔叶黄檀的色谱峰在14.6min、14.8min出现双子色谱峰,强度相似;卢氏黑黄檀分别在11.9min、12.5min、12.9min有3个强度相似的色谱峰;东非黑黄檀的强度大的特征峰在18.3min和18.5min;伯利兹黄檀仅有1个强度大的色谱峰,其保留时间在17.1min。分析这4种木材的GC/MS指纹图谱,色谱峰的保留时间不同。该方法可以有效区分鉴别这4种黑酸枝木。

响应面法优化茭白多糖硫酸化工艺及其抗氧化活性分析

为提高茭白多糖抗氧化活性,对茭白多糖进行硫酸化修饰,并探索其最佳修饰条件。以茭白为原料,利用水提醇沉法提取并纯化一种新型水溶性多糖,采用三氧化硫-吡啶法,以甲酰胺为溶剂,对多糖进行硫酸改性,以硫酸根取代度(DS)为指标,利用响应面法对茭白多糖进行硫酸改性条件优化,同时通过体外自由基清除率实验对比改性前后体外抗氧化活性。结果表明:采用响应面法辅助茭白多糖硫酸化修饰条件优化得到最佳反应条件为多糖样品100 mg,酯化时间4 h,酯化温度70℃,三氧化硫-吡啶复合物添加量2.6 g,得到最佳DS为1.79;热重分析显示茭白多糖在46.38℃时失重最快,失重率为16.48%;硫酸化茭白多糖在65.04℃时失重最快,失重率为2.92%。在体外抗氧化实验中,茭白多糖对于DPPH·、·OH以及ABTS^(+)·清除能力的IC_(50)值分别为3.49、3.28和12.70 mg/mL;硫酸化茭白多糖为0.39、1.00和1.82 mg/mL;阳性对照(V_(C))为0.069、0.17和0.077 mg/mL。综上表明,硫酸化修饰能提高茭白多糖的热稳定性;同时一定程度上增强其自由基清除能力。

大叶苦丁茶抗氧化活性研究进展

大叶苦丁茶是我国南方一种药食两用的传统饮品与药材,也是市场上广泛流通、被普遍当作“苦丁茶正品”的别样茶(non-Camellia teas),具有清热解毒、抗氧化、抗炎、止血凉血、抗菌等多种功效,其次生代谢物质化学成分复杂,主要包括多酚、多糖、黄酮、三萜等多种活性成分。大叶苦丁茶活性成分是天然的抗氧化剂,具有绿色、无毒、高效等特点,在食用油脂储藏、食品保鲜、化妆品、保健品以及抗氧化药物等方面具有良好的应用前景。本文以大叶苦丁茶化学成分的抗氧化作用为主线,综述大叶苦丁茶中具有代表性的多酚、多糖、黄酮、三萜等化学成分的含量、组成及其抗氧化作用,探讨大叶苦丁茶的应用并对其进行展望,拟为大叶苦丁茶的开发与利用提供参考。

冬青属常用药用植物化学成分及药理作用研究进展

冬青属植物具有重要的药用价值,其普遍含有三萜、黄酮等多种化学成分,在临床上有降血脂、心脑血管保护、抗菌消炎等作用。随着科学技术的发展及对于冬青属药用植物价值的发掘,有力地推动了该属植物的深入研究。本文综述了近年来国内外对常用冬青属药用植物化学成分及药理活性的有关研究,提出有必要深入研究冬青属药用植物的药理,筛选出更多的活性物质并深入发掘其在临床治疗上的用途。

气候变化下3种冬青属植物的适生区预测

根据现有的物种记录和环境变量,利用MaxEnt模型,预测了大果冬青、小果冬青和铁冬青在过去、现在和未来的潜在适生区。结果表明:最冷月份最低温度、日温度平均范围与土壤类型均为影响3种冬青分布的关键环境变量。大果冬青的适生区面积由现在到2070年减少了约30.27%;小果冬青的适生区面积由现在到2070年减少了约8.59%;铁冬青的适生区面积由现在到2070年减少了约6.43%。大果冬青与小果冬青未来的分布均有往北扩张的趋势,铁冬青没有明显的扩张。整体来看,全球气候变化导致3种冬青适生区面积缩小,需要建立有效的管理策略来应对这一变化。

广叶绣球菌多糖磷酸化修饰及体外抗氧化和降糖活性

对广叶绣球菌(Sparassis latifolia)多糖(SLPs)进行磷酸化修饰,表征磷酸化SLPs(P-SLPs)结构,分析其体外抗氧化、降糖活性。结果表明:与SLPs比较,P-SLPs的磷酸根质量分数较高,为(8.02±0.48)%;在相同质量浓度时,P-SLPs对DPPH、超氧阴离子、羟基自由基和H_(2)O_(2)的清除率均较高,对α-淀粉酶和α-葡萄糖苷酶的抑制率均较高。研究结果可为广叶绣球菌多糖进一步开发应用提供参考。

菰(Zizania latifolia)ISSR反应体系的建立及优化

菰是一种稻族野生资源,水生或沼生,在我国有着广泛的分布。野生菰群体不仅是一种重要的育种基因资源,同时还有着巨大的生态作用。为建立适宜于菰的ISSR反应体系,以菰DNA基因组为模板对ISSR反应体系中的主要影响因子进行优化。采用单因素变量法在12个不同梯度水平上设计正交试验针对体系中d NTPs浓度、Mg2+浓度、Taq聚合酶浓度、引物浓度、模板DNA浓度及引物退火温度等6个因子进行优化,确定了在20μL ISSR反应体系中各组分的最适因素水平分别为:3.0 mmol Mg2+(10×Buffer),0.5 mmol d NTPs、1.0μmol引物浓度、0.24 U/μL Taq聚合酶、1.5 ng/μL DNA模板以及55℃退火温度。应用该优化体系对80个菰材料进行扩增,证实了该体系的适用性和稳定性,为菰遗传资源的鉴定、评价与利用提供了技术支撑。

中性盐、碱性盐及复合盐碱胁迫对华中冬青幼苗生长和生理特性的影响

以华中冬青(Ilex centrochinensis)幼苗为研究对象,设置3种胁迫类型(NaCl、Na_(2)CO_(3)、混合盐)和4个质量浓度梯度(CK、3、6、9 g·L^(-1)),以模拟中性盐(NaCl)、碱性盐(Na_(2)CO_(3))、混合盐(m(NaCl)∶m(Na_(2)CO_(3))=1∶1)对华中冬青幼苗的胁迫。通过形态观测、苗高及死亡率统计、叶片生理指标测定,并结合主成分分析,探究华中冬青对不同盐胁迫类型的耐受力。结果表明:3种胁迫中,对华中冬青盐害指数和株高生长抑制最大的是NaCl胁迫,Na_(2)CO_(3)次之,混合盐胁迫的最轻。华中冬青相对电导率和丙二醛质量摩尔浓度均随胁迫天数的延长和质量浓度的增大呈持续上升趋势。相对电导率增加幅度最大的是混合盐胁迫,NaCl次之。丙二醛质量摩尔浓度则以Na_(2)CO_(3)胁迫最大,混合盐次之。随着盐胁迫质量浓度的增加,超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)、过氧化物酶(POD)活性均表现为先上升后下降的趋势。其中,SOD活性峰值出现最早的是混合盐胁迫,POD活性峰值出现最早的是Na_(2)CO_(3)胁迫。可溶性蛋白质量分数随着盐胁迫质量浓度的增加均表现为先上升后下降的趋势,而叶片叶绿素相对含量则呈逐渐下降的趋势。叶片盐害指数、相对电导率、丙二醛质量摩尔浓度、叶绿素相对含量可作为抗盐碱性评价的主要指标。华中冬青对混合盐胁迫的耐受力最强,Na_(2)CO_(3)胁迫次之,NaCl胁迫最差。