大连地区日本对虾(Penaeus japonicus)工厂化养殖试验

采用河北黄骅地区生产的无WSSV和TSV病毒的健康P5—P10期日本对虾(Penaeus japonicus)仔虾作为苗种进行工厂化养殖。结果表明,2014年8月开始进行苗种暂养,进行三个月对虾养成,出池前对虾产量达到平均1.5 kg/m^(2),养殖面积2400 m^(2)。出池前对虾规格50~60尾/kg。对虾养殖成活率15%~20%。

Morphometric analysis and fluorescent microsatellite markers to evaluate the genetic diversity of five populations of Penaeus japonicus in China

To understand the current status of germplasm resources of Penaeus japonicus,in this study,genetic diversity was analyzed based on morphometric analysis and fluorescent microsatellite markers.For morphometric analysis,the cumulative ratios of the PC1 and PC2(85.90%)were greater than 75%,which can explain the morphological variation among populations.For microsatellite analysis,the allele number in 10 microsatellite loci ranged from 27 to 53,and the effective allele number ranged from 21 to 42.The observed heterozygosity ranged from 0.463 to 0.983,whereas expected heterozygosity ranged from 0.932 to 0.966,and the average polymorphism information content was 0.947,which indicated a high level of genetic diversity.The unbiased genetic distance among populations ranged from 0.230 to 0.431,and the genetic similarity coefficient ranged from 0.654 to 0.782.Analysis of molecular variance(AMOVA)showed that the genetic variation within individuals was the main source of variation,accounting for 88.55%,and only 1.49%of the genetic variation came from among populations.

海水池塘半滑舌鳎-日本对虾-菊黄东方鲀混养试验

为全面推广半滑舌鳎养殖技术,提高海水池塘养殖效益,进行了不同规格半滑舌鳎(Cynoglossus semilaevis)与日本对虾(Penaeus japonicus)和菊黄东方鲀(Takifugu flavidus)的池塘混养对比试验,其中半滑舌鳎放养密度2250尾/hm^(2),放养规格分别为150~250、5~10、20~50 g/尾,日本对虾放养密度6万尾/hm^(2),菊黄东方鲀放养密度6000尾/hm^(2),规格0.54~0.56 g/尾。结果显示,放养规格不小于150 g/尾的半滑舌鳎高雌苗种,当年可收获规格500 g/尾以上的商品鱼,实现综合产量2801.0 kg/hm^(2),综合效益99404元/hm^(2)。

日本囊对虾“闽海1号”与三疣梭子蟹池塘混养试验

为探索新的海水池塘养殖模式,选取新品种日本囊对虾(Penaeus japonicus)“闽海一号”与三疣梭子蟹(Portunus trituberculatus)开展池塘混养试验,并在试验中采用了生物饵料及预埋有益菌活化底质,结果表明三疣梭子蟹单产可达857.4 kg/hm^(2),日本囊对虾单产可达412.65 kg/hm^(2)。

Study on genetic diversity of cultivated populations in 4 species of shrimps

Genetic diversity of cultivated populations was investigated using assay of vertical slabpolyacrylamide gel electrophoresis in 4 species of shrimps, which were Penaeus japonicus, Penaeus monodon , Penaeus vannamei and Metapenaeus ensis, The results showed that the mean number of alle-les per locus (A) is 1.3±0.2, 1.3±0.1, 1.3±0.1 and 1.3 ±0.1 respectively; the percentage of polymorphic loci (P0.95) is 12.5, 6.7, 20 and 23.5 respectively; the expected heterozygosity (He) is 0.042±0.034,0.042±0.031, 0.094±0.042 and 0.097±0.047 respectively; and the observed heterozygosity (H0)is 0.029±0.024, 0.028±0.023,0.154±0.082 and 0.150±0.084 respectively. The difference of genetic diversity is obvious in 4 species of shrimps. The degree of genetic diversity is M. ensis > P. vannamei > P. japonicus > P. monodon. In short, the lower level of genetic diversity is estimated in 4 species of shrimps.

红鳍东方鲀-日本对虾-菲律宾蛤仔的池塘生态立体养殖试验

为探索出适合河北省海水池塘的高效养殖技术新模式,开展“红鳍东方鲀—日本对虾—菲律宾蛤仔”混养试验,菲律宾蛤仔(Ruditapes philippinarum)投放密度为1500 kg/hm^(2),日本对虾(Penaeus Japonicus)放养密度为45000尾/hm^(2),红鳍东方鲀(Takifugu rubripes)投放密度分高、中、低三个梯度进行养殖对比。养殖试验结果表明,池塘生态立体养殖中红鳍东方鲀投放密度为1200尾/hm^(2)时,红鳍东方鲀成活率约为95%,成鱼产出规格1.09 kg/尾,产量约1250 kg/hm^(2),鱼虾合计产量约1500 kg/hm^(2),有利于提高池塘的生产能力。

海水池塘刺参-日本对虾-三疣梭子蟹-菊花心江蓠生态混养技术

为提高刺参养殖池塘水体空间的利用率,增加产量和效益,构建了一种刺参-日本对虾-三疣梭子蟹-菊花心江蓠生态混养模式,试验结果显示,该模式的单产高达3191.25 kg/hm^(2),其中刺参(Apostichopus japonicus)单产1875 kg/hm^(2),日本对虾(Penaeus japonicus)504 kg/hm^(2),三疣梭子蟹(Portunus trituberculatus)307.5 kg/hm^(2),菊花心江蓠(Gracilaria lichevoides)505.5 kg/hm^(2)。

日本囊对虾高效工厂化养殖试验

对引进的“闽海1号”日本囊对虾(Penaeus japonicus)新品种,采取构建沙床、调整充氧、设置中央投饵排污区等关键技术措施,开展了高效工厂化养殖试验并获得了成功,平均单产2.08 kg/m^2。