United States Healthcare Data Breaches: Insights for NIST SP 800-66 Revision 2 from a Review of the NIST SP 800-66 Revision 1

Healthcare security and privacy breaches are occurring in the United States (US), and increased substantially during the pandemic. This paper reviews the National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) publication base as an effective solution. The NIST Special Publication 800-66 Revision 1 was an essential standard in US healthcare, which was withdrawn in February 2024 and superseded by SP 800-66 Revision 2. This review investigates the academic papers concerning the application of the NIST SP 800-66 Revision 1 standard in the US healthcare literature. A systematic review method was used in this study to determine current knowledge gaps of the SP 800-66 Revision 1. Some limitations were employed in the search to enforce validity. A total of eleven articles were found eligible for the study. Consequently, this study suggests the necessity for additional academic papers pertaining to SP 800-66 Revision 2 in the US healthcare literature. In turn, it will enhance awareness of safeguarding electronic protected health information (ePHI), help to mitigate potential future risks, and eventually reduce breaches.

Analysis of the causes of primary revision after unicompartmental knee arthroplasty: A case series

BACKGROUND Unicompartmental knee arthroplasty(UKA)has great advantages in the treatment of unicompartmental knee osteoarthritis,but its revision rate is higher than that of total knee arthroplasty.AIM To summarize and analyse the causes of revision after UKA.METHODS This is a retrospective case series study in which the reasons for the first revision after UKA are summarized.We analysed the clinical symptoms,medical histories,laboratory test results,imaging examination results and treatment processes of the patients who underwent revision and summarized the reasons for primary revision after UKA.RESULTS A total of 13 patients,including 3 males and 10 females,underwent revision surgery after UKA.The average age of the included patients was 67.62 years.The prosthesis was used for 3 d to 72 months.The main reasons for revision after UKA were improper suturing of the surgical opening(1 patient),osteophytes(2 patients),intra-articular loose bodies(2 patients),tibial prosthesis loosening(2 patients),rheumatoid arthritis(1 patient),gasket dislocation(3 patients),anterior cruciate ligament injury(1 patient),and medial collateral ligament injury with residual bone cement(1 patient).CONCLUSION The causes of primary revision after UKA were gasket dislocation,osteophytes,intra-articular loose bodies and tibial prosthesis loosening.Avoidance of these factors may greatly reduce the rate of revision after UKA,improve patient satisfaction and reduce medical burden.

How to manage and avoid revision after unicompartmental knee arthroplasty?

The article by Zhao et al presents a retrospective case series on the reasons for initial revision after unicompartmental knee arthroplasty(UKA).Clarifying the reasons that may cause UKA revision can further reduce the rate of revision UKA,focusing on gasket dislocation,osteophytes,intra-articular loose bodies,and tibial prosthesis loosening.This article provides valuable insights,not only by detailing the revision status of 13 patients who underwent revision after initial UKA but also by providing a comprehensive analysis of the incidence of revision after initial UKA.By reviewing and analyzing the causes,they established references for the early detection of risk factors for revision in clinical practice and for formulating surgical strategies and rehabilitation programmes.This commentary emphasizes the need for a meticulous understanding and an analysis of the revision rate following initial UKA and related management strategies.The implant rates,regional variation,and benefits of uncemented Oxford UKA have been explored,particularly in terms of bone preservation,appropriate surgical techniques,and weight management to control complications and improve patient prognosis.

Gouty destruction of a patellar tendon reconstruction and novel revision reconstruction technique: A case report

BACKGROUND Gout is a disease characterized by hyperuricemia,and resultant deposition of uric acid crystals in tissues.While typically manifested as intraarticular crystals or tophi,gout can also cause pathology at entheses.Gouty deposition within tendinous structures put them at risk for traumatic and degenerative rupture.Furthermore,allografts can also be at risk of rupture in the setting of severe gout.We present the case of a 56-year-old female with severe gouty disease who sustained a re-rupture of a patellar tendon allograft reconstruction.CASE SUMMARY A 56-year-old female presented to clinic after feeling her left knee pop and collapse beneath her while descending stairs.She had a history of tophaceous gout and left patellar tendon rupture with reconstruction and multiple revisions over the course of 19 years.This patient presented with pain and extensor lag.A magnetic resonance image demonstrated a ruptured patellar tendon allograft reconstruction and avulsion fracture at the tibial tubercle.The patient was treated with a novel intervention of Achilles allograft with bone block in a unique configuration with a dermal allograft incorporated into the reconstruction.She was made non-weight bearing in the operative extremity in extension for the first four weeks postoperatively and was then progressed to active flexion over the course of eight weeks.At twelve weeks,she was able to fully extend her operative knee and at five months she was resuming her normal activities and exercises.CONCLUSION Failed patellar tendon reconstruction due to gouty infiltration is treated with dermal allograft augmented Achilles tendon reconstruction with bone block.

New Data on Coal, Gypsum, Iron and Silica Sand Deposits and Geochemical Exploration (Pakistan): Revision of 25 Years History of Dinosaur Discoveries from Pakistan

Discoveries of many coal seams at depths by drilling carried by Geological Survey of Pakistan in Sor Range and Harnai Gochina, extended the coal seams at depth which is challenge for mine owners to exploit feasibly. Bed to bed gypsum samplings (and their chemical analyses) of huge gypsum deposits from Sulaiman foldbelt is a base for industrialist and also planers to develop cement and gypsum industries to increase export and foreign exchange for the development of area and Pakistan. Low and high grade sedimentary iron deposits, silica sand and uranium host rocks and their extensions in Sulaiman and Kirthar foldbelts are presented. Anomalies of a few base metals arise as a result of geochemical exploration carried at part of Loralai District of Balochistan. Theropod dinosaurs were frequent in India, while Poripuchian titanosaurs (Sauropoda, Dinosauria) were frequent in Pakistan. Besides some ichnotaxa, many bone taxa such as 1 titanosauriform, 14 titanosaurian sauropod (including one new titanosaur), and 3 theropod dinosaurs are established from Pakistan. Among these 12 titanosaur species and 3 theropod species are named in about 10 km2 area of Vitakri dome and 2 titanosaur species are named in about a few hundred square meter area of Mari Bohri (Kachi Bohri) which is about 10 km westward from Vitakri dome. Pakistan is a unique country which discoverd 14 diversified titanosaurs in a short area and also in a short period (67 - 66 million years ago/Ma). About 400 bones found from a few meter thick upper part of upper shale horizon of latest Maastrichtian Vitakri Formation which is base for titanosaur taxa. Cranial material is in low fraction (but include significant diverse snouts), caudal vertebrae are prominent, the cervicals, dorsals and sacrals have significant numbers, forelimb and hind limb bones have balanced fraction. Humeri, femora and tibiae are most common. To know the position of Pakistani titanosaurs among titanosaurs and sauropods, there is a need to extend list of characters for phylogenetic analyses. This broad feature list should include main characters of titanosaurs from Pakistan and also from global world.

Is there sufficient evidence to support the use of antibiotic holiday just before the second stage of an infected total hip or knee arthroplasty revision surgery?

The practice of implementing an antibiotic holiday before the second stage of hip or knee arthroplasty is currently controversial due to limited evidence for this approach,as per the International Consensus Meeting 2018 on Musculoskeletal Infection.A greater understanding of this issue could augment the quality of Alrayes and Sukeik’s mini-review(2023)on diagnosing,managing,and treating periprosthetic knee infections.However,a significant lack of literature exists concerning the optimal duration for the antibiotic holiday,calling for more research before establishing any clinical guidelines.

The Impact of Comment Style on Learners’ Essay Revisions

This paper investigates how the type of written feedback provided by teachers affects learners’ ability to revise essays. A total of 120 participants participated in two rounds of essay composition and feedback delivery. The findings indicate that learners who receive comments in the form of questions are more prone to make revisions compared to those receiving statements or imperatives. These results hold significant implications for educators and the ways they utilize written feedback to enhance learners’ writing skills.

The Sound and Complete <i>R</i>-Calculi with Respect to Pseudo-Revision and Pre-Revision

The AGM postulates ([1]) are for the belief revision (revision by a single belief), and the DP postulates ([2]) are for the iterated revision (revision by a finite sequence of beliefs). Li [3] gave an R-calculus for R-configurations △|Γ, where Δ is a set of literals, and Γ is a finite set of formulas. We shall give two R-calculi such that for any consistent set Γ and finite consistent set △ of formulas in the propositional logic, in one calculus, there is a pseudo-revision Θ of Γ by Δ such that is provable and and in another calculus, there is a pre-revision Ξ of Γ by Δ such that is provable, and for some pseudo-revision Θ;and prove that the deduction systems for both the R-calculi are sound and complete with the pseudo-revision and the pre-revision, respectively.

A REVISION OF THE GENUS GONERILIA SHIRO ZU ET YAMAMOTO (LEPIDOPTERA: LYCAENIDAE)

onerilia, an endemic genus confined to China, is revised. A new species G. pesthis from Mt. Qinling in Shaanxi Province is described and illustrated. Five species are included in the genus so far, e.g., G. seraphim, G. thespis, G. buddha, G. okamurai, G. pesthis. Information on distribution and host plants of the genus is summerized, together with the discussion of its systematic position.

REVISION OF THE GENUS HARTEMITA CAMERON (HYMENOPTERA: BRACONIDAE: CARDIOCHILINAE) FROM CHINA

The species of the genus Hartemita Cameron (Hymenoptera: Braconidae: Cardiochilinae) from China are revised. Six species of this genus are described from China in this paper, four of which are new species: Hartemita chinensis sp. nov., H. excavata sp. nov., H. flava sp. nov. and H. punctata sp. nov..All the type specimens are kept in the Insect Collection of Zhejiang Agricultural University.

Unicompartimental knee arthroplasty metallosis treated with uni-onuni revision:A case report

BACKGROUND Metallosis is the result of metallic wear debris in the soft tissues and is associated to both local and systemic inflammatory response.Metallosis has been reported after total hip and total knee arthroplasty(TKA),but rarely after a unicompartimental knee arthroplasty(UKA).In the context of UKA metallosis,surgeons often opt for revision using a TKA.However,in this paper,the authors successfully treated UKA revising the metal back only.CASE SUMMARY Prior to treat our patient we conducted a literature research through which we identified eleven cases of metallosis after UKA,ten(90.9%)were treated revising using though a TKA.Only one case was managed through a uni-on-uni revision,reporting high knee function.Our patient complained worsening pain and function after a snap occurred at 16 mo after UKA implantation.At 18 mo following surgical debridment and uni-on-uni revision surgery,our patient exhibited a relevant improvement in Oxford Knee Score and a reduction of metal ion levels in the blood.CONCLUSION Our study highlights that in case of metallosis after UKA,the treatment may be based on surgical debridement and just revising the mobilized components.

Revision of the subgenus Orthostegana(Diptera:Drosophilidae:Stegana) from Eastern Asia

The Eastern Asian species of the subgenus Orthostegana in the genus Stegana are reviewed based on the results of Li et al.＇s phylogenetic analysis. The subgenus Anastega is fused with the subgenus Orthostegana as syn. nov.. Four new species are described from Yunnan, China： Stegana （Orthostegana） flavicauda Zhang ＆ Chen sp. nov., S. （O.） hirsutinna Zhang ＆ Chen sp. nov., S. （O.） hylecoeta Zhang ＆ Chen, sp. nov. and S. （O.） multicardua Zhang ＆ Chen sp. nov.. Two known species： S. （O.） curvinervis （Hendel, 1914） and S. （O.） singularis Sidorenko, 1990, comb. nov. are described complementally. A table showing uncorrected pairwise p-distance among the DNA sequences of the mitochondrial COl and ND2 genes of six Orthostegana species is provided.

Correlation between Radiological Staging of Chronic Rhinosinusitis and Revision of Endoscopic Sinus Surgery

Introduction: Chronic rhinosinusitis (CRS) is an inflammatory condition affecting the sinonasal mucosa with duration of more than 12 weeks. Multifactorial aetiology contributes to its refractoriness. Functional endoscopic sinus surgery (FESS) is the most common surgical technique preferred in CRS not responding to medical management, showing high success rates. However, some failure has been noted, requiring revision FESS. CT (Computed Tomography) is a diagnostic tool for CRS, and aids in improving surgical outcomes. Combined with the Lund-Mackay scoring system, CT can help stage the CRS, predicting the need for revision surgery. Methods: In our paper, we aimed to study the relationship between severity of CRS using radiological staging and revision of functional endoscopic sinus surgery, assessing outcome after at least 1 year of follow-up. There was a single centre retrospective study involving 150 patients selected by random sampling, to study the correlation between the severity of chronic rhinosinusitis and revision of functional endoscopic sinus surgery (FESS). The study was conducted in the ENT department of King Hamad University Hospital, Bahrain for a time period of 6 months. Records were scanned and scored using Lund-Mackay system. Lund Mackay score of 10 and above was considered severe. The relation between increased severity with Lund Mackay score on the CT scan and the need for revision sinus surgeries was then determined. Results and Conclusion: This study concludes that LMS score in CT scans can be used to predict the outcomes of primary FESS procedure and the need for revision surgery in the management of CRS.

A Revision of the Genus Milesia Latreilla (Diptera: Syrphidae) from China

All Chinese species of the genus Milesia is revised in this paper. Six new synonyms were proposed, which are M. ruiliana Yang et Cheng and M. Tachina Yang et Cheng as synonyms of M. cretosa Hippa; M. maolana Cheng et Yang as synonym of M. ferruginosa Brunetti; M. atricorporis Yang et Cheng as synomym of M. quantula Hippa; M. vesparia Shiraki and M. turgidiverticis Yang et Cheng as synonyms of M. verticalis Brunetti. As far as we know, there are thirteen species distributing in China, among which, M. variegata Brunetti is recorded for the first time to China. An abdominal figure of each species is provided in this paper. Meanwhile, a key to all the Chinese species and a map of geographical distribution of these species are given.

A TAXONOMIC REVISION OF THE CHINESE SPECIES OF ECTOMOCORIS MAYR (HEMIPTERA: REDUVIIDAE: PEIRATINAE)

Five Chinese species of the genus Ectomocoris are revised, keyed and well illustrated by 28 figures. Biarmocoris subgen. n. is established for E. yayeyamae. E. maldonadoi sp. n. is described. E. distanti Cai et Lu is a new name for E. erebus Distant 1904, junior homonym of E. erebus (Distant, 1903). Lectotypes are designated. E. fiavomaculatus is not represented in China. All the male genitalia are reported for the first time.

Antibiotic bone cement's effect on infection rates in primary and revision total knee arthroplasties

AIM To compare infection rates in primary and revision total knee arthroplasty(TKA) procedures using antibiotic impregnated bone cement(AIBC) to those rates in procedures not using AIBC.METHODS A systematic review and meta-analysis was conducted in search for randomized controlled trials/studies(RCTs) pertaining to the field of antibiotic AIBC vs non-AIBC groups in both primary and revision TKA procedures. The primary literature search performed was to identify all RCTs that assessed AIBC in primary and revision TKA procedures. This search was done strictly through the Pub Med database using the article "filters" setting that identified and separated all RCTs from the overall search. The original search was "Primary/revision total knee arthroplasty using AIBC". Other key terms and phrases were included in the search as well. Eligible articles that were used in the "results" of this review met the following criteria:(1) Involved primary or revision TKA procedures(for any reason);(2) included TKA outcome infection rate information;(3) analyzed an AIBC group vs a non-AIBC control group;(4) were found through the RCT filter or hand search in Pub Med; and(5) published 1985-2017. Exclusion criteria was as follows:(1) Patients that were not undergoing primary or revision TKA procedures;(2) articles that did not separate total hip arthroplasity(THA) vs TKA results if both hip and knee revisions were evaluated;(3) papers that did not follow up on clinical outcomes of the procedure;(4) extrapolation of data was not possible given published results;(5) knee revisions not done on human patients;(6) studies that were strictly done on THAs;(7) articles that were not found through the RCT filter or through hand search in Pub Med;(8) articles that did not evaluate AIBC used in a prosthesis or a spacer during revision;(9) articles that did not compare an AIBC group vs a non-AIBC control group; and(10) articles that were published before 1985.RESULTS In total, 11 articles were deemed eligible for this analysis. Nine of the 11 studies dealt with primary TKA procedures comparing AIBC to non-AIBC treatment. The other two studies dealt with revision TKA procedures that compared such groups. From these papers, 4092 TKA procedures were found. 3903 of these were primary TKAs, while 189 were revision TKAs. Of the 3903 primary TKAs, 1979 of these used some form of AIBC while 1924 were part of a non-AIBC control group. Of the 189 revision TKAs, 96 of these used some form of AIBC while 93 were part of a non-AIBC control group. Average followup times of 47.2 mo and 62.5 mo were found in primary and revision groups respectively. A two-tailed Fisher's exact test was done to check if infection rates differed significantly between the groups. In the primary TKA group, a statistically significant difference between AIBC and non-AIBC groups was not found(AIBC infection rate = 23/1979, non-AIBC infection rate = 35/1924, P = 0.1132). In the revision TKA group, a statistically significant difference between the groups was found(AIBC infection rate = 0/96, non-AIBC infection rate = 7/93, P = 0.0062). No statistically significant differences existed in Knee Society Scores, Hospital for Special Surgery Scores, or Loosening Rates.CONCLUSION AIBC did not have a significant effect on primary TKA infection rates. AIBC did have a significant effect on revision TKA infection rates.

Efficacy of Peer Revision in Process-oriented Writing

Peer revision is a collaborative activity during which student writers can exchange drafts and make suggestions for improvement. It has been widely used at present in process-oriented writing instruction. In this paper, the researcher carried out an empirical study about the effects and efficacy of peer revision on a group of Chinese Juniors majoring in English. It was found that student writers focused specially on grammar and vocabulary in PE session and organization was the least attended to. PE was quite effective in improving the overall writing quality, as the participants did incorporate most of the revisions suggested by their peers. However, the influences of students'writing proficiencies and of the rhetorical modes of the writing tasks on the effects of PE were proved to be not very significant.

On the Generic Taxonomy of Opisthotropis balteata(Cope, 1895)(Squamata: Colubridae: Natricinae): Taxonomic Revision of Two Natricine Genera

The single prefrontal configuration has historically been used as an important diagnostic character for many natricine taxa. For example, the genus Trimerodytes Cope, 1895 was long been regarded as a junior synonym of Opisthotropis Günther, 1872 for their similar prefrontal configurations and the type species, T. balteatus Cope, 1895, has been assigned to the genus Opisthotropis. However, as the number and arrangement of prefrontal vary frequently both at species and generic level, it is questionable whether the synonymization of Trimerodytes reflects their evolutionary relationships. On the basis of recently collected specimens of O. balteata, the generic status of the species was assessed using both molecular and morphological data. Opisthotropis was recovered as polyphyletic with reference to O. balteata, because O. balteata is nested within the genus Sinonatrix Rossman and Eberle, 1977 and is the sister species of the type species of Sinonatrix. Consequently, we herein resurrect the long-overlooked synonym Trimerodytes from Opisthotropis and synonymize the junior generic nomen Sinonatrix with Trimerodytes. In addition, based on morphological similarities between the monotypic genus Paratapinophis Angel, 1929 and Trimerodytes, we doubt about the validity of Paratapinophis. Following taxonomic changes in this work, the taxonomic account of the genus Trimerodytes, updated descriptions of its type species, and diagnostic key to Trimerodytes species are provided.

A New Brown Frog of the Genus Rana(Anura,Ranidae)from North China,with a Taxonomic Revision of the R.chensinensis Species Group

The Rana chensinensis species group is widely distributed throughout North China.However,its taxonomy and composition remain controversial.In recent field investigations of the Taihang Mountains,a series of Rana specimens were collected,which were once identified as R.chensinensis.However,these samples showed significant differences from R.chensinensis of the type locality(Shaanxi Province in the Qinling Mountains)in both morphology and genetics.In this paper,based on analyses of seventeen geographic populations from the Taihang and Qinling Mountains,we describe a new species(namely R.taihangensis sp.nov.)in the R.chensinensis species group.A phylogenetic analysis of the R.chensinensis species group based on mitochondrial genes—COI,16S rRNA and Cytb—revealed the monophyly of the cryptic species,which formed the sister taxon to R.kukunoris.Morphological comparisons indicated that the cryptic species can be distinguished from its congeners by a combination of characteristics.Additionally,the distribution patterns of the Rana species in North China were clarified.The populations of the southwestern Taihang Mountains,Xiaoqinling Mountains,and Funiu Mountains in Henan Province remain R.chensinensis,whereas the populations recorded as R.chensinensis in Beijing City,Hebei Province,and the southeastern Taihang Mountains of Henan Province should be revised as R.taihangensis sp.nov.

Late Paleozoic Sequence-Stratigraphic Frameworks and Sea Level Changes in Dianqiangui Basin and Its Adjacent Areas with Systematic Revision of Regional Unconformities

The formation process of the Dianqiangui basin, a special basin, occurred after the Caledonian orogeny, in the south of Guizhou, the west of Guangxi and the southeast of Yunnan, experienced three periods: it began in the Devonian, persisted in the Carboniferous, and became fiercer in the Permian. Controlled by syndepositional fault-zones, varieties of isolated carbonate platforms, large and small, were developed in the background of a deep-water basin, namely, an inter-platform ditch. And a special paleogeographical Late Paleozoic pattern marked by “platform-basin-hill-trough” was produced in both the Dianqiangui basin and its adjacent areas. Affected by regional tectonic activities and the global changes in the sea level, the platform carbonates and coal measures superimposed each other cyclically on the attached platform. The reef-building on the isolated platform and the margin of the attached platform corresponds to the development of the shale succession in the deep-water basin. All of these elementary characteristics reflect a regular and sophisticated filling succession of the Dianqiangui basin, a result of the dual controls of the regionally tectonic activities and the eustacy. Based on the two elementary features of the third-order sequences, i.e. the regularity of sedimentary-facies succession in space and the simultaneity of environmental changes in time, 25 third-order sequences could be discerned in the Upper Paleozoic strata in the Dianqiangui basin and its adjacent areas. On the basis of the two kinds of facies-changing surfaces and the two kinds of diachronisms in stratigraphic records, the regional Late Paleozoic sequence-stratigraphic framework in the Dianqiangui basin and its adjacent areas can be established. There are two types of facies-changing surfaces and two types of diachronisms in stratigraphic records: the static type, a result of the change in sedimentary facies in space, and the dynamic type, a result of the change in time. These two types of facies-changing surfaces led to the generation of the two types of diachronisms: the diachronism of facies-changing surfaces that was formed by the static facies-changing surfaces, and the diachronism of punctuated surfaces that was formed by the dynamic facies-changing surfaces. The two types of facies-changing surfaces and the two types of diachronisms in stratigraphic records are the key to the establishment of the sequence-stratigraphic framework. The sequence boundaries could be divided geologically into four types: tectonic unconformity, sedimentary unconformity, drowned unconformity and their correlative surfaces. All of these four types can be further grouped into exposed punctuated surfaces and deepened punctuated surfaces. The tectonic unconformity is similar to Type Ⅰ sequence boundary, and the sedimentary unconformity is similar to Type Ⅱ sequence boundary defined by Vail et al.. In terms of sequence stratigraphy, the tectonic unconformities of the Ziyun movement, the Qiangui epeirogeny and the Dongwu revolution as well as the drowned unconformity in the transitional period from the Permian to the Triassic can be systematically defined and their geological characteristics are briefly presented.