Underwater Acoustic Communication Based on Pattern Time Delay Shift Coding Scheme

Underwater acoustic communication based on Pattern Tune Delay Shift Coding （PDS） communication scheme is studied. The time delay shift values of the pattern are used to encode the digital information in the PDS scheme, which belongs to the Pulse Position Modulation （PPM）. The duty cycle of the PDS scheme is small, so it can economize the power for communication. By use of different patterns for code division and different frequencies for channel division, the communication system is capable of mitigating the inter-symbol interference （ISI） caused by the muhipath channel. The data rate of communication is 1000 bits/s at 8 kHz bandwidth. The receiver separates the channels by means of bandpass filters, and performs decoding by 4 copy-correlators to estimate the time delay shift value. Based on the theoretical analysis and numerical simulations, the PDS scheme is shown to be a robust and effective approach for underwater acoustic communication.

Study on pattern time delay shift coding scheme

Pattern Time Delay Shift Coding (PDS) scheme is robust for underwater acoustic communication. The digital information are encoded in the time delay shift values of the Pattern, so the PDS scheme belongs to the Pulse Position Modulation (PPM). Several Patterns are selected for code division that the communication system could have a high ability to mitigate the inter-symbol interference (ISI) caused by multipath channel. Four communication channels work on the same time divided by different frequency, which lead to 1000bits/s of the data rate of communication. The simulation experiments show that the PDS system could adapt to many underwater acoustic channels for high data rate and high reliability.

Controlling the transition between Turing and antispiral patterns by using time-delayed-feedback

The controllable transition between Turing and antispiral patterns is studied by using a time-delayed-feedback strategy in a FitzHugh-Nagumo model. We treat the time delay as a perturbation and analyse the effect of the time delay on the Turing and Hopf instabilities near the Turing Hopf codimension-two phase space. Numerical simulations show that the transition between the Turing patterns （hexagon, stripe, and honeycomb）, the dual-mode antispiral, and the antispiral by applying appropriate feedback parameters. The dual-mode antispiral pattern originates from the competition between the Turing and Hopf instabilities. Our results have shown the flexibility of the time delay on controlling the pattern formations near the Turing-Hopf codimension-two phase space.

Spatial Pattern and Time Series Dynamics of Spondylis buprestoides Adults

Spondylis buprestoides adults in Pians masoniana forests in Xianju Dabei Dixi Forestry Center were continuously investigated during 2006 and 2011. According to the survey data, multiple spatial pattern indicators of adult population were calculated, and the relationship between various indicators and density was analyzed. The K values of negative binomial distribution less affected by density were selected to describe the spatial pattern and time series dynamics of S. buprestoides adults. The results indicated that S. buprestoides adults showed aggregated distribution in the forest, but the aggregation degree varied with the season. There were 2 obvious diffusion peaks during May and June as well as September and October each year. The aggregation trend within a generation was aggregation-diffusion-aggregation.

Calculation of Taper Rolling Time in Plan View Pattern Control Process

The forward slip model with adhesion was used to derive the formula of calculating taper rolling time. The relation between the rolling time and the taper length and the relation between the rolling time and the taper thickness can be obtained. The numerical solution for this formula was used on site. According to the simulation result, the roll gap value should be changed linearly with rolling time.

Space-time Dynamics of Dendroctonus valens Population in China and Spatial Sampling Technique based on Its Spatial Distribution Pattern

Red turpentine beetle （RTB）, Dendroctongs valens LeConte, is a destructive forest invasive species in China, it mainly attacks Pings tabuliformis and P. bungeana. So far it has spread rapidly to the provinces of Shanxi, Hebei, Henan, Shanxi and Beijing since its first outbreak in Shanxi Province in 1998, and has caused extensive tree mortality. Space-time dynamics of D. valens population and spatial sampling technique based on its spatial distribution pattern were ana- lyzed using geostatistical methods in the pure P. tabuliforis forests and mixedwood stands which were at different damage levels. According to the spatial distribu- tion of D. valeas population, the specific spatial sampling technique was also studied, and then was compared with traditional sampling technique. The spatial sam- piing technique combined with sampling theory and the biological characteristics of D. valens population, which not only could calcnlate the error of the sampling, but also could discuss the optimal sampling number and the optimum size of plot according to different damage levels and different stand types. This helps to explain population expansion and colonization mechanism of D. valens, and to provide a good reference for adopting snitable control measures.

Waiting times and stopping probabilities for patterns in Markov chains

Suppose that C is a finite collection of patterns. Observe a Markov chain until one of the patterns in C occurs as a run. This time is denoted by τ. In this paper, we aim to give an easy way to calculate the mean waiting time E(τ) and the stopping probabilities P(τ = τA)with A ∈ C, where τA is the waiting time until the pattern A appears as a run.

Control of the patterns by using time-delayed feedback near the codimension-three Turing-Hopf-Wave bifurcations

Control of the spatiotemporal patterns near the codimension-three Turing–Hopf–Wave bifurcations is studied by using time-delayed feedback in a three-variable Brusselator model. Linear stability analysis of the system shows that the competition among the Turing-, Hopf- and Wave-modes, the wavenumber, and the oscillation frequency of patterns can be controlled by changing the feedback parameters. The role of the feedback intensity Pu played on controlling the pattern competition is equivalent to that of Pw, but opposite to that of Pv. The role of the feedback intensity Pu played on controlling the wavenumber and oscillation frequency of patterns is equivalent to that of Pv, but opposite to that of Pw. When the intensities of feedback are applied equally, changing the delayed time could not alter the competition among these modes, however, it can control the oscillation frequency of patterns. The analytical results are verified by two-dimensional （2D） numerical simulations.

融合改进NBEATSx和时间注意力机制的空气污染预测

针对现有空气污染预测存在结构复杂、对多元变量与不同时间步间依赖关系提取不充分和多步预测精度低的问题,引入了β分布和非线性动态控制函数改进星鸦优化算法(INOA),优化NBEATSx模型参数,提高收敛精度;并融合时间模式注意力机制(TPA)为不同时间尺度的多外生变量自适应分配权重,再结合预测因子获取时间模式关系.利用所提模型对北京地区的PM2.5进行预测,与传统模型相比精度提高超过18.45%,为空气污染预测提供了一种新方法.

Clustering-Inverse: A Generalized Model for Pattern-Based Time Series Segmentation

Patterned-based time series segmentation (PTSS) is an important task for many time series data mining applications. In this paper, according to the characteristics of PTSS, a generalized model is proposed for PTSS. First, a new inter-pretation for PTSS is given by comparing this problem with the prototype-based clustering (PC). Then, a novel model, called clustering-inverse model (CI-model), is presented. Finally, two algorithms are presented to implement this model. Our experimental results on artificial and real-world time series demonstrate that the proposed algorithms are quite effective.

2001-2020年内蒙古净生态系统生产力格局多时间尺度分析

掌握净生态系统生产力(NEP)时空格局对提高干旱/半干旱地区生态系统功能有重要意义。已有的NEP时空格局研究大多以年尺度开展分析,而NEP在多时间尺度上的特征差异尚不明晰。基于多源遥感、气象和地面实测数据,采用CASA模型、土壤呼吸地质统计模型(GSMSR)和土壤呼吸-土壤异养呼吸(Rs-Rh)关系模型耦合模拟内蒙古2001-2020年NEP,分析其年、季、月多时间尺度时空特征,并探讨8种不同植被NEP的多时间尺度特征差异。结果表明,1)内蒙古年尺度NEP的空间分布格局稳定,从东北向西南递减,这一格局与春夏秋3季及植被生长期的3-10月一致,而冬季植被进入休眠期使得空间差异显著减小。2)内蒙古多时间尺度NEP年际变化趋势有所不同:年尺度上,内蒙古总NEP呈波动上升趋势,年际变化率为C 3.75 Tg·a^(-1);季尺度上,夏季增长趋势最大,占全年增长的41.6%,春秋两季对NEP的增长也起到至关重要的作用,分别占比34.9%和23.3%,冬季对NEP增长贡献非常有限;月尺度上,NEP年内变化与植被生长物候周期较为接近,1月和12月年际NEP为减少趋势,其余月份年际NEP均为上升趋势,其中9月增长趋势最大,占全年增长的19.3%。3)不同植被类型NEP年际趋势存在差异,5种植被类型年NEP呈增长趋势,3种呈下降趋势;草地在季尺度年际变化中均保持增长,在夏季最高,而灌木林在季尺度年际变化中均为降低趋势,夏季降幅最大;月尺度年际变化中灌木林均为降低趋势,1月降幅最大。该研究能够为明晰区域碳循环及改善生态系统功能提供科学依据。

时间投影室原理及其应用

时间投影室是一种广泛应用于大型物理实验的粒子鉴别探测器,它通过粒子径迹产生电离电子的漂移时间和漂移方向的投影位置确定径迹三维坐标,具备较好的能量分辨和很高的位置分辨能力。自时间投影室被发明以来,已广泛应用于国外的大科学实验装置上,在对撞机和固定靶实验等方面均发挥了很大的作用。虽然国内的科研机构在早期对时间投影室进行过一些初步研究,但由于技术的限制并没有展开过很多应用。近十年间,伴随着锦屏地下实验室的PandaX-Ⅲ实验的开展、东莞中国散裂中子源等一批科研装置的落地、环形正负电子对撞机的概念设计完成,时间投影室作为主径迹探测器在这些实验中承担了很大一部分工作,并已进行了更多的研发和使用。现阶段有必要对时间投影室在国内外的具体应用与发展进行梳理,本文先梳理出时间投影室的发展历史、工作原理和现状以及时间投影室上核心读出探测器的发展,然后介绍时间投影室在国外大科学实验装置上的应用和最新进展,最后给出时间投影室在国内科研项目上的应用。以此为时间投影室下一步的研发与应用奠定基础。

Beam Pattern Scanning (BPS) versus Space-Time Block Coding (STBC) and Space-Time Trellis Coding (STTC)

In this paper, Beam Pattern Scanning (BPS), a transmit diversity technique, is compared with two well known transmit diversity techniques, space-time block coding (STBC) and space-time trellis coding (STTC). In BPS (also called beam pattern oscillation), controlled time varying weight vectors are applied to the antenna array elements mounted at the base station (BS). This creates a small movement in the antenna array pattern directed toward the desired user. In rich scattering environments, this small beam pattern movement creates an artificial fast fading channel. The receiver is designed to exploit time diversity benefits of the fast fading channel. Via the application of simple combining techniques, BPS improves the probability-of-error performance and network capacity with minimal cost and complexity. In this work, to highlight the potential of the BPS, we compare BPS and Space-Time Coding (i.e., STBC and STTC) schemes. The comparisons are in terms of their complexity, system physical dimension, network capacity, probability-of-error performance, and spectrum efficiency. It is shown that BPS leads to higher network capacity and performance with a smaller antenna dimension and complexity with minimal loss in spectrum efficiency. This identifies BPS as a promising scheme for future wireless communications with smart antennas.

基于需求模式自适应匹配的间歇性需求预测方法

大型制造企业售后配件的需求分布稀疏、波动性大,需求频率和需求数量不确定性较高,序列呈现出典型的间歇性特点。在实际运维中,配件需求在频率和数量方面存在较大波动,从而产生变化多样的需求模式,而现有间歇性需求预测主要采用单一或静态组合的固定预测模型,难以充分挖掘不同需求模式下需求序列的演化规律,预测精度和稳定性均难以保证。为解决上述问题,提出一种基于需求模式自适应匹配的间歇性需求预测方法,通过动态识别和匹配需求模式提升间歇性序列预测效果。该方法包括两个阶段:在模型训练阶段,首先,根据配件历史需求数据的间歇性特征,将它划分为需求量序列和间隔量序列,并对两类序列分别进行聚类,以捕获每类序列对应的不同需求和间隔模式;其次,建立包含统计学分析模型、浅层机器学习模型及深度学习模型的预测模型库,测试各模型对每种需求模式的预测效果,识别并标记每类需求模式的最优预测模型。在预测阶段,将待预测序列划分为需求量序列和间隔量序列,确定需求模式并匹配最佳预测模型,进而将需求量和间隔量的预测值合并,形成最终预测结果。在美国汽车公司和英国空军的间歇性配件需求数据集上的实验结果表明,所提方法可适用于不同需求模式的配件历史数据,通过自适应匹配需求模式和最优预测模型,有效提升了预测精度。

福建省沿海港口货运职能识别及结构演变研究

精准识别港口货运职能及其演变规律,是推动港口群协同发展的重要环节。采用货种区位商、货物离散指数、港口分工系数等方法,定量分析福建省沿海港口群货物吞吐量增长态势、货运职能及结构演变趋势。结果表明:2000—2020年,福建省沿海港口群货物吞吐量整体呈增长趋势,但年增长速度趋于放缓;沿海港口群的主要职能以煤炭、钢铁、粮食等传统货物运输为主,其中福州港主要职能最多,具有一定的综合功能;沿海港口群的港口分工系数明显下降,各港间货种结构差异缩小,货运职能特征由单一向多样化转变。今后应优化福建省沿海港口群空间布局,明确港口功能定位,促进沿海港口协同发展。

城市地区场次降雨时空展布方法研究

受气候变化和城市规模不断扩张等因素影响,城市地区降雨过程的时空动态性愈发明显,通常采用的点、面雨量等表达方式难以体现这种时空动态性。随着降雨观测技术的进步,大多城市积累了长序列降雨观测数据,其中蕴含了丰富的降雨时空过程信息,为预报降雨或设计降雨的时空展布提供了可能。设计了一套降雨时空展布方法,包括数据收集、标准化处理、降雨场次划分、时空模式提取、标准网格插值、时空展布等环节,并提出每个环节的处理步骤和关键问题。以北京市为例,对该技术方法进行了验证,选择了12 h、24 h、72 h 3个历时的场次降雨,提取的时空模式和展布结果表达出了场次降雨的时空动态性,并与历史的降雨过程表现出很好的匹配性。表明该方法可用于城市地区降雨典型模式提取,以及降雨过程的时空展布。该方法利用历史降雨数据提取降雨展布模板,输入场次降雨(或预报降雨)的总雨量,得到该场次降雨的时空分布过程,展布结果可为洪水预报提供更为准确的降雨输入条件。

农田土壤有效态中量微量元素的时空变化特征研究

基于2019年的耕地地力调查监测点,分析农田土壤有效态中量微量元素含量及区域分布特征,结合分级标准和缺素临界值,揭示当前土壤中量微量元素丰缺状况;并对1983年、2004年的土壤的中微量元素有效态含量进行分析。结果表明:现阶段上海市奉贤地区农田土壤有效态中量微量元素养分中Av-S含量为20—30 mg∕kg,Av-Si>300 mg∕kg,Av-Cu 4—6 mg∕kg,Av-Zn 2—3 mg∕kg,Av-Fe 100—150 mg∕kg,Av-Mn 30—40 mg∕kg,Av-B 0.75—1 mg∕kg,Av-Mo 0.1—0.15 mg∕kg,平均含量依次为20.04 mg∕kg、390.92 mg∕kg、4.31 mg∕kg、2.42 mg∕kg、131.08 mg∕kg、34.74 mg∕kg、0.95 mg∕kg和0.13 mg∕kg,分别处于土壤养分分级标准(5级)的第3、1、3、2、2、2、2、3级。这8种中微量元素变异系数均为中等变异强度,以Av-Fe(90.39%)最大。在1983年、2004年、2019年三个时间上,除Av-Mo含量整体变化较为平稳,缺素现象在不断加剧(目前缺素面积达73.68%)外,其余中微量元素在整体上有不同程度的增减,无缺素现象或缺素面积在减少。中量元素Av-S和Av-Si含量变化为一降一升,两者均在果园中高于其他土地利用方式;微量元素Av-Cu、Av-Fe、Av-Mn总体含量比较丰富,无低于临界值田块,在空间分布上为条状或斑状分布,呈自西往东逐渐减少格局,其菜地中的含量要低于粮田和果园;Av-Zn和Av-B含量在年际间不断提高,菜地中的含量普遍较高,区域分布上呈现相反趋势,Av-Zn为中部高东西部低,而Av-B为东西部高于中部。同时土壤多个微量元素间存在较高的相关性,Av-Cu、Av-Zn、Av-Fe、Av-Mn间表现出正相关性,它们也受土壤SOM和pH影响较大,其中Av-Cu受SOM、Av-Mn受pH作用最明显。研究结果可为本区不同土地利用方式及区域分布的土壤养分管理和中微肥合理搭配提供依据。

我国玉米生产与消费时空格局演变及匹配性分析

玉米是我国第一大粮食作物,对我国粮食安全影响深远。依据重心模型,运用地理信息系统(geographic information system,GIS)测算了1999—2022年我国玉米生产重心与消费重心的移动方向、距离、速度等变化特征,利用耦合模型分析玉米生产与消费的空间匹配性,并结合自然、经济、政治等因素,研究其变动原因。结果表明,1999—2022年我国玉米生产重心整体呈现从西南-东北移动的特点,共移动了148.55 km,平均移动速度为6.46 km·a^(-1);玉米消费重心总体呈现从西南-东北-东南-西南-东北环形变动的特点,阶段性特征明显;生产与消费重心的耦合距离呈先升高后降低的总体特点,但增幅远大于降幅。耦合距离由471.02 km(1999年)变为513.02 km(2022年),其中2013年二者的重心耦合距离达最大值,为557.91 km。2020年以来,玉米生产与消费的耦合距离又出现增加趋势,空间匹配性再度下降,为新时代粮食安全带来了挑战。因此,提出优化玉米区域利益协调机制、构建多主体利益联结机制和支持政策体系、优化玉米区域生产与消费空间格局、实施区域差异性的粮食政策等政策建议。

滇中地区不同影响系统下3次短时强降水过程的大气环境特征和雷达特征分析

利用常规观测资料、NCEP 1°×1°再分析资料、逐时和逐5 min自动站降水资料以及昆明CINRAD/CC多普勒雷达资料,针对滇中地区2021年主汛期不同影响系统下的3次短时强降水过程,对比分析了降水特征、环流形势、大气环境特征以及雷达回波的结构、形状、演变的基本特征。结果表明:3次短时强降水过程影响系统差异主要在于500 hPa天气系统不同,700 hPa都有切变线影响,但是形成原因各异,地面均有辐合线或弱冷锋配合。3次过程的环境条件在不稳定层结、近地层水汽、垂直风切变方面与中国其他地区短时强降水发生的环境条件具有一致性,但是在大气整层可降水量、对流有效位能、SWEAT指数等方面存在明显差异。对流回波的形状有点状回波、块状回波、带状回波、絮状回波等。对流风暴分为高质心型、低质心型以及混合型;短时强降水有单独出现某种对流风暴类型的阶段,也有多种对流风暴类型同时出现的阶段;CAPE值和SWEAT指数与对流风暴类型具有一定的相关关系。强回波剖面呈柱状结构或者塔状结构,35 dBz强回波接地,而没有悬垂特征。短时强降水多产生于长时间停滞型或移动缓慢型的对流回波,还有部分短时强降水产生于“列车效应”中。短生命周期的单体生消形成的短时强降水持续时间绝大部分在1 h以内,但是单体合并组织和反复生消或者“列车效应”形成的短时强降水持续时间常在1~3 h。高质心型对流风暴产生的瞬时雨强可达10 mm·(5min)-1以上,低质心型和混合型对流风暴可产生的雨强范围较大,大多在3~10 mm·(5min)-1,少数也可达到10 mm·(5min)-1以上。