Lack of fitness cost and inheritance of resistance to abamectin based on the establishment of a near-isogenic strain of Tetranychus urticae

Many populations of the two-spotted spider mite, Tetranychus urticae Koch, have developed high levels of resistance to the pesticide abamectin in China and other countries. This study developed a near-isogenic line to understand better the inheritance, cross-resistance, and fitness costs associated with abamectin resistance in the field population of T. urticae in China. We introduced the trait that confers extremely high abamectin resistance in a field-collected population of T. urticae into a susceptible laboratory strain(IPP-SS) to generate an abamectin-resistant near-isogenic line(NIL-Aba).This process was carried out through multiple backcrossing to IPP-SS and via parthenogenesis and abamectin screening. Compared with IPP-SS, the NIL-Aba strain had a 25 147-fold resistance to abamectin and a high level of cross-resistance to bifenthrin(288.17-fold), an intermediate level to emamectin benzoate(42.57-fold), and low levels to bifenazate, chlorfenapyr, cyflumetofen, cyenopyrafen, and cyetpyrafen with resistance ranging from 3.18-to 9.31-fold.But it had no cross-resistance to profenofos. The resistance to abamectin in NIL-Aba was autosomal, incompletely dominant, and polygenic. Based on two sex life table parameters, no fitness cost was found in NIL-Aba. Establishing the NIL-Aba strain provides a reliable basis for an in-depth study of abamectin resistance in T. urticae. New information on toxicological characteristics and fitness cost should facilitate the management of abamectin resistance in field populations of T. urticae.

Study on the Toxicity Effect of Abamectin and Chlorpyrifos on Grass Carp(Ctenopharyngodon idllus)

[ Objective] The study aimed to discuss the toxicity effect of abamectin and ehlorpyrifos on grass carp （ Ctenopharyngdon idllus ） and their interrela- tions. [ Method] Taking healthy and active grass carp as the object, the acute toxicity test of single pesticide and the combined toxicity test of two pesticides on grass carp were carried out. [ Result] The LC50 of abamectin and chlorpyrifes and the mixture of two pesticides against grass carp at 24, 48, 72 and 96 h were as follows： abamectin： 0.54, 0.49, 0. 17 and 0.10 rag/L; chlorpyrifes ： 0.29, 0.21, 0.12 and 0.05 rag/L; the mixture of two pesticides ： 1.22, 1.08, 0.99 and 0. 86 mg/L. The safe concentration （SC） of ahamectin, chlorpyrifos and the mixture of two pesticides were 0.010, 0.005 and 0.086 rag/L, respectively. The tox- icity of the pesticides in sequence was ablorpyrifos 〉 ahamectin 〉 the mixture of two pesticides. [ Conclusion ] Different concentrations of abamectin, chlorpyrifos and the mixture of two pesticides had remarkable effect on the growth of grass carp, the higher the concentration was, the greater the toxicity effect was. Ahamectin at low toxicity intensity had certain relief function on the toxicity of ehlorpyrifos.

ABAMECTIN与Bt制剂复配的杀虫增效作用

以菜青虫为试虫测定abamectin与Bt8010复配的毒力。结果表明abamectin—Bt8010的5种不同配比均有不同程度的增效作用,其中以5000IUBt8010+0.1％abamectin的增效作用最为显著,其共毒系数为289.4.室内药效测定结果,用该配比制成的可湿性粉剂对花椰菜、白菜、番茄、豌豆、蚕豆、茶树、柑桔、马尾松8种植物上分属鳞翅目、同翅目、鞘翅目、双翅目和蜱螨目的23种害虫有较好的杀灭效果。混配制剂对鳞翅目幼虫仅能提高用药24h后的杀灭率,并不能提高24h内的杀灭速度。

家蝇对Abamectin的抗性

<正> Abamectin是一组具有强大杀螨、杀虫、杀线虫活性的十六员大环内酯,是一种土壤放线菌Strepto-mycesavermitilis的天然发酵产物,即四种极相似的同系物:AbamectinA1,A2,B1和B2。其中Abamect-inB1（Abamectin,MK-936）是从液体发酵产物中分离

Efficacy Evaluation of 25% Abamectin·Etoxazole SC against Red Spider (Tetranychus cinnbarinus ) in Ornamental Rose

[Objective]The paper was to understand the control effect and the optimum dosage of 25% abamectin·etoxazole SC for controlling red spider in ornamental rose. [Method] Using stem-leaf spraying method,the control effect of 25% abamectin·etoxazole SC against red spider was determined. Significance of difference was examined by Duncan's new multiple range test( DMRT). [Result] The control effect of 25% abamectin · etoxazole SC sprayed at the dose of25-31. 25 mg a. i./kg on red spider was over 82. 0% at 21 d post spraying,higher than that of 110 g/L etoxazole SC sprayed at the dose of 27. 5 mg a. i./kg and1. 8% abamectin EC sprayed at the dose of 9 mg a. i./kg. [Conclusion]25% Abamectin·etoxazole SC sprayed at the doses of 25-31. 25 mg a. i./kg could effectively control the damage of red spider in ornamental rose,and can be widely used in production.

In vitro Acute Cytotoxicity of Abamectin to the Gill Cell Line of Flounder Paralichthy olivaceus

The cytotoxicity of abamectin to the Gill Cell Line of Flounder （FG cell line） was examined in this study. It was found that the exposure of FG cells to abamectin caused the decreases of both cell growth rate and antioxidant enzyme activities, and the increase of intracellular 02 content. It was proposed that the reduction of antioxidant enzyme activities in FG cells caused the accumulation of 02 content in FG cells, leading to the change of cell morphology and even the death of cells. The results showed that FG cell line is suitable for the evaluation of the acute toxicity of abamectin.

Effect Trials on Abamectin + Chlorpyrifos 8% GR for Controlling Turf Grubs

To screen high-efficiency, low-toxicity, and safe pesticides for controlling soil pests, experimental investigations of Abamectin ＋ Chlorpyrifos 8 % GR for controlling tuff grubs were implemented according to Field Pharrnacodynamic Test Standards of the Ministry of Agricuhure. The results showed that as the active in- gredient of Abamectin ＋ Chlorpyrifos 8% GR is 1 625 - 1 950 g/hm2, the control efficiency of tuff grubs is 81.43% -90.46% 3 - 10 days after pesticide applica- tion, the readily availability and persistent effect achieve the ideal level, and it is safe for turf.

Short-Time Derivatization Method for Analysis of Abamectin in Water Using High-Performance Liquid Chromatography Coupled to Fluorescence Detector

A method using a short-time derivatization step for the assessment of abamectin in water is presented. Abamectin derivative stable up to 7 days was obtained. Some regions where orange crops are present have received abamectin doses, aiming to increase the productivity and to combat pests and weeds, even when its residues reach the aquatic environment and interfere on water quality. Water samples from Jacaré-Pepira River (Brotas City, Brazil) nearby orange crops around urban zone, were evaluated for the presence of abamectin. The analytical method was validated resulting recovery around 108%, precision of 12%, accuracy of 104%, correlation coefficient of 0.9945, and detection and quantification limits of 0.1 μg·L﹣1 and 0.2 μg·L﹣1, respectively. Stable abamectin derivative was reached after 60 min of derivatization at room temperature (25&deg;C). No abamectin residues were found into samples.

亚致死浓度阿维菌素和毒死蜱对经历寄主转换的稻纵卷叶螟生长发育和繁殖的影响

【目的】本研究旨在明确寄主转换经历是否会改变亚致死浓度杀虫剂对稻纵卷叶螟Cnaphalocrocis medinalis生长发育和繁殖的影响,为杀虫剂的合理使用及稻纵卷叶螟的综合治理提供理论依据。【方法】从稻纵卷叶螟水稻种群和小麦种群中收集卵,并将其分别转换寄主植物饲养至2龄,作为具有不同寄主转换经历处理的幼虫[以水稻为食的水稻种群(R-R)、以小麦为食的水稻种群(R-W)、以小麦为食的小麦种群(W-W)和以水稻为食的小麦种群(W-R)]。利用离体叶片浸渍法对这些幼虫在亚致死浓度(LC_(25))阿维菌素和毒死蜱浸渍下的水稻或小麦叶片处理后48 h,测定3-5龄幼虫生长发育及成虫繁殖能力和寿命。【结果】未经杀虫剂处理时,寄主转换显著影响稻纵卷叶螟3-5龄幼虫总历期、化蛹率和蛹重,但对水稻种群和小麦种群的影响相反。LC_(25)浓度阿维菌素和毒死蜱处理2龄幼虫,显著延长3-5龄幼虫总历期,但延长程度因寄主转换经历而异。LC_(25)浓度阿维菌素显著降低各寄主转换经历幼虫的化蛹率(R-R组除外)。LC_(25)浓度毒死蜱仅显著降低W-W组的化蛹率。在2龄幼虫暴露于LC_(25)浓度阿维菌素后W-W和W-R组的蛹重显著降低。水稻种群化蛹率和蛹重受寄主转换的影响在LC_(25)浓度阿维菌素处理后消失,而小麦种群化蛹率和蛹重受寄主转换的影响在LC_(25)浓度阿维菌素和毒死蜱处理后均消失。无论是何种寄主转换经历还是LC_(25)浓度阿维菌素和毒死蜱处理均未影响成虫羽化率、交配率和单雌产卵量。寄主转换处理只显著影响未经杀虫剂处理时水稻种群的卵孵化率,但卵孵化率均未受LC_(25)浓度阿维菌素和毒死蜱处理影响。与未经杀虫剂处理相比,LC_(25)浓度阿维菌素和毒死蜱处理均未影响雌成虫寿命,但LC_(25)浓度毒死蜱处理显著增加了W-W组雄成虫寿命。【结论】寄主转换经历会影响阿维菌素和毒死蜱对稻纵卷叶螟的亚致死效应。LC_(25)浓度阿维菌素和毒死蜱处理经历寄主转换的稻纵卷叶螟幼虫后,其幼虫和蛹生长发育均受到不同程度影响,但成虫繁殖和寿命所受影响较小。使用针对稻纵卷叶螟的杀虫剂时和进行毒理实验时应考虑到寄主植物的潜在影响。

鲤在阿维菌素胁迫下肝胰腺组织的转录组分析

为了探究阿维菌素胁迫对鲤机体的响应机制,在水温(22±2.0)℃,将体质量(150±30)g的鲤(Cyprinus carpio)分别暴露在阿维菌素浓度0μg·L^(-1)(对照组)、1.5μg·L^(-1)和3.0μg·L^(-1)下5 d,采用转录组学测序分析方法,探究阿维菌素胁迫对鲤肝胰腺转录组学的影响,解析其对鲤的分子毒理机制。通过对所得基因的功能注释发现,被注释的差异基因主要与结合、催化和代谢等功能有关。KEGG通路富集分析结果显示,差异表达基因在药物代谢-细胞色素P450、药物代谢-其他酶、淀粉和蔗糖代谢等通路中显著富集,涉及药物代谢、氨基酸代谢、碳水化合物代谢、脂质代谢以及辅助因子和维生素的代谢等多个代谢过程。这些功能基因和预测通路为理解阿维菌素胁迫鲤体内解毒和免疫系统奠定了基础。本研究获得的转录组数据可为深入研究鱼类应对杀虫剂污染物的分子机制提供丰富的基因资源。

联苯肼酯与2种杀螨剂复配对柑橘全爪螨的联合毒力

柑橘全爪螨是一种世界性害螨,目前对许多药剂已经产生抗性。药剂复配是治理抗性问题,延长药剂使用寿命的重要手段。为筛选出增效明显的复配新产品,本文选取联苯肼酯作为标准药剂,与阿维菌素和氟啶胺分别进行复配,并采用叶碟喷雾法测定其联合毒力及增效作用。结果表明,联苯肼酯、阿维菌素和氟啶胺的单剂LC 50分别为16.43、0.29 mg/L和12.63 mg/L。联苯肼酯与阿维菌素复配比例为19∶1和15∶5的共毒系数分别为135.02和158.40,具有增效作用。联苯肼酯与氟啶胺在6∶4、7∶3、5∶5、9∶1、8∶2复配比例的共毒系数分别为466.28、410.61、370.22、311.15和275.85,增效作用显著。

常用杀线虫药剂对甘薯茎线虫病的田间防治效果

为了筛选对腐烂茎线虫有良好防治效果且适宜生产应用的药剂,采用蘸根法分别测试了6种药剂对甘薯腐烂茎线虫病防治效果,并对其经济效益进行分析。试验结果表明,药剂蘸根处理后,薯苗成活率都在95%以上,长势健壮。5%阿维菌素微囊悬浮剂、30%辛硫磷微囊悬浮剂和21%阿维·噻唑膦水乳剂对腐烂茎线虫病的防治效果都在80%以上,其中,30%辛硫磷微囊悬浮剂防治效果最高为91.5%。各处理均可显著降低病株率、病薯率,提高健薯产量,667 m2增收107.50~855.00元。综合考虑防治效果、用药成本和投入产出比,30%辛硫磷微囊悬浮剂防治甘薯茎线虫病较为经济有效,可在适宜地区考虑推广应用。

基于阿维菌素和呋虫胺增效组合的双载纳米微囊缓释剂对苹果黄蚜的防治效果

【目的】研发苹果黄蚜可持续防控药剂及应用技术,为苹果黄蚜可持续防控提供优化方案。【方法】采用室内毒力及田间防效评价阿维菌素与呋虫胺对苹果黄蚜的联合毒力及二者纳米微囊缓释剂型的应用效果。【结果】室内毒力测定结果表明,阿维菌素与呋虫胺在1∶2和1∶4配比下对苹果黄蚜为增效作用;田间应用结果表明,阿维菌素和呋虫胺1∶4混配组合剂量(w)为15.0~22.5 mg·kg^(-1)时对苹果黄蚜药后3~15 d防效为91.44%~99.63%,二者混配可减少单一药剂有效成分用量10%~70%。按该配比制备2.25%阿维·呋虫胺纳米微囊缓释剂,田间应用结果表明,在苹果黄蚜高发期施药两次,二次药后7~15 d对苹果黄蚜的防效为79.80%~91.65%,表现出较好的后期防效;添加助剂GY-T1602可有效改善纳米微囊缓释剂的速效性。【结论】在苹果黄蚜始发期,推荐使用2.25%阿维·呋虫胺纳米微囊缓释剂以获得较长持效期,添加助剂GY-T1602可有效提高防效;在苹果黄蚜盛发期推荐选用阿维菌素与呋虫胺1∶4混配组合以快速压低虫口密度。

Functional analysis of UG7207D3 associated with abamectin resistance in Tetranychus cinnabarinus(Boisduval)

Uridine diphosphate(UDP)-glycosyltransferases(UGTS)are widely distributed within living organisms and share roles in biotransformation of various lipophilic endo-and xenobiotics with activated UDP sugars.In this study,it was found that the activity of UGTs in abamectin-resistant(AbR)strain was significantly higher(2.3-fod)than that in susceptible strain(SS)of Tetramychus cinnabarinus.Further analysis showed that 5-nitrouracil,the inhibitor ofUGTs,could enhance the lethal effect of abamectin on mites.From the previous microarray results,we found an UGT gene(UGT201D3)overexpressed in AbR strain.Quantitative PCR analysis showed that UGT20ID3 was highly expressed and more inducible with abamectin exposure in the AbR strain.After silencing the tran-scription of UGT201D3,the activity of UGTs was decreased and the susceptibility to abamectin was increased in AbR strain whereas it was not in sS.Furthermore,UGT201D3 gene was then succefully expressed in Escherichia coli.The recombinant UGT20ID3 exhibited a-naphthol activity(2.810.43 nmol mg protein/min),and the enzyme activity could be inhibited by abamectin(inhibitory concentration at 50%:57.50±3.54 μmol/L).High-performance liquid chromatography analysis demonstrated that the recombinant UGT201D3 could efctively deplete abamectin(15.77%±3.72%)incubating with 150 ug protein for 6 h.These results provided direct evidence that UGT201D3 was involved in abamectin resistance in T cinnabarinus.

Influences of insecticides on toxicity and cuticular penetration of abamectin in Helicoverpa armigera

Synergistic actions for mixtures of abamectin with other insecticides in some insect pests were evaluated, and the possible synergistic mechanism was studied by the comparison in toxicity and cuticular penetration of abamectin between with and without other insecticides or synergists in Helicoverpa armigera larvae. The results of bioassay showed that horticultural mineral oil (HMO), hexaflumuron, chlorpyrifos, and some other insecticides were synergistic to abamectin with 152.0-420.0 of co-toxicity coefficient(CTC) in some agricultural insect pests. In topical application tests, HMO or piperonyl butoxide (PBO) increased the toxicity of abamectin in larvae of H. armigera, but the mortality was not affected by s,s,s-tributylphorotrithioate (DEF) and triphenylphosphate (TPP). The synergistic action of HMO was obviously higher than PBO, and when treated simultaneously with abamectin, HMO gave a more significant synergism than if treated 2 hours ahead. The highest synergistic effect (SE) was found in the mixture of ‘abamectin+HMO (1:206)'. The mortality did not increase or the toxicity drop, when a synergist or HMO was added into the mixture of ‘abamectin+HMO' or ‘abamectin+synergist', respectively. Results from the isotope tracing experiments showed that HMO significantly enhanced the penetration of ^3H-abamectin through the cuticle of H.armigera larvae, which resulted in the synergism of the mixture. The cuticular penetration of ^3H-abamectin was not accumulatively affected by chlorpyrifos, nor by hexaflumuron,though there was an inhibition within 30 seconds or 1 hour after treated by these two chemicals respectively. Results suggested that the synergism of abamectin mixed with hexaflumuron or chlorpyrifos might be related to inhibition of metabolic enzymes or target sites in the larvae.

Low temperature purification method for the determination of abamectin and ivermectin in edible oils by liquid chromatographytandem mass spectrometry

In this study, a method based on low temperature purification （LTP） coupled with liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry （LC-MS/MS） was developed for the determination of abamectin （ABA） and ivermectin （IVR） in edible oils. ABA and IVR were extracted using conventional liquid-liquid extraction followed by purification via precipitation of interfering fatty components at low temperature without an additional cleanup step. LTP is simple, easy to use, labour-saving and cost effective, and requires reduced amounts of organic solvent. The linear ranges of ABA and IVR were 5- 1000 t^g/L using matrix-matched standards. Limits of detection （LOD） and limits of quantification （LOQ） were in the range of 0.1-0.4 i^g/kg and 0.3-1.3 p^g/kg, respectively. The LOQs were below the strictest maximum residue limits established by Codex Alimentarius Commission. Recoveries at three spiked levels of 10, 20 and 100 i^g/kg in peanut oil, corn oil, olive oil, soybean oil and lard ranged from 71.1% to 119.3% with relative standard deviations of 3.2%-10.3%, which were in agreement with those obtained by the solid phase extraction method. The proposed method was utilized in the analysis of 10 edible oil samples from local market and neither ABA nor IVR was detected. As far as we know, this is the first time that LTP is applied to the determination of avermectins in edible oils.

Acute toxicity test of pesticide abamectin on common carp(Cyprinus carpio)

Objective:To determine acute toxicity of abamectin(abamectin used for agricultural fields and also is a common acaridae used in farms)to common carp(Cyprinus carpio).Methods:In this research,common carps were exposed to abamectin for 96 h.LC_(50) values of 24 h,48 h,72 h and 96 h were attained by probit analysis software SPSS Version 16.Fish were exposed to different concentrations(1,2,3,6,12 and 15 mg/L)of abamectin for 96 h and physicochemical properties of water used for these experiments were stable and every mortality was recorded daily.Results:The 96 h LC_(50)of abamectin for Cyprinus carpio was 1.243 mg/L.Conclusions:Eventually toxicity values indicated that abamectin has same toxicity in studied other specie and we can state lower value of LC_(50)for studied specie in compare with most species.

橘小实蝇对高效氯氰菊酯、敌百虫和阿维菌素的交互抗性

【目的】目前化学防治是果树重大害虫橘小实蝇Bactrocera dorsalis的主要防治措施。本研究旨在明确橘小实蝇高效氯氰菊酯、敌百虫和阿维菌素抗性品系成虫对高效氯氰菊酯、敌百虫和阿维菌素3种杀虫剂的抗性,分别对其他2种杀虫剂的交互抗性及其抗性遗传规律,为果园轮换用药开展防治和抗性治理等工作提供理论支持。【方法】从野外采集橘小实蝇幼虫,在实验室内饲养52代以上,应用药膜法测定成虫对杀虫剂的敏感度;采用群体筛选法逐代抗性汰选至52代,建立橘小实蝇抗药性品系;采用药膜法测定橘小实蝇高效氯氰菊酯抗性品系、敌百虫抗性品系和阿维菌素抗性品系成虫分别对另外2种杀虫剂的交互抗性水平;将高效氯氰菊酯抗性品系、敌百虫抗性品系和阿维菌素抗性品系成虫进行正反两两杂交,通过对各杂交处理F1代成虫进行生物测定以判定抗性遗传规律。【结果】研究发现橘小实蝇高效氯氰菊酯、抗敌百虫和阿维菌素抗性品系成虫分别对另外两种杀虫剂均存在一定程度的交互抗性。其中,高效氯氰菊酯抗性品系成虫对敌百虫存在中等水平的交互抗性,抗性倍数(resistance multiple, Rm)为15.61;对阿维菌素则为低水平交互抗性,Rm为6.67;敌百虫和阿维菌素对高效氯氰菊酯抗性品系成虫的致死中浓度(median lethal concentration, LC50)值分别为54.58和25.30 mg/L。敌百虫抗性品系成虫对高效氯氰菊酯和阿维菌素均存在低水平交互抗性,Rm分别为9.15和6.18;高效氯氰菊酯和阿维菌素对敌百虫抗性品系成虫的LC50值分别为43.12和23.35 mg/L。阿维菌素抗性品系成虫对高效氯氰菊酯和敌百虫同样存在低水平交互抗性,Rm分别为8.74和3.58;高效氯氰菊酯和敌百虫对阿维菌素抗性品系的LC50值分别为41.18和12.52 mg/L。橘小实蝇高效氯氰菊酯抗性品系与敌百虫抗性品系进行正反交时其F1代成虫的抗性衰退率分别为33.52%和56.42%,与阿维菌素抗性品系正反交时其F1代成虫抗性衰退率分别为8.49%和84.25%。敌百虫抗性品系与高效氯氰菊酯抗性品系正反交时其F1代成虫的抗性衰退率分别为21.41%和81.47%,与阿维菌素抗性品系正反交时F1代成虫的抗性衰退率则为38.00%和79.00%。阿维菌素抗性品系与高效氯氰菊酯抗性品系、敌百虫抗性品系正交时F1代成虫的抗性衰退率分别为3.62%和12.77%,与亲本相比变化不大;反交时F1代成虫的抗性衰退率分别为65.45%和62.29%。【结论】橘小实蝇高效氯氰菊酯抗性品系对敌百虫存在中等水平的交互抗性,对阿维菌素则为低水平交互抗性;敌百虫抗性品系对高效氯氰菊酯和阿维菌素均存在低水平交互抗性;阿维菌素抗性品系对高效氯氰菊酯和敌百虫同样存在低水平交互抗性。橘小实蝇对高效氯氰菊酯、敌百虫和阿维菌素的抗性遗传明显偏向母系遗传规律。本研究测定和明确了橘小实蝇高效氯氰菊酯、敌百虫和阿维菌素抗性品系对高效氯氰菊酯、敌百虫和阿维菌素3种杀虫剂的抗性水平、分别对其他2种杀虫剂的交互抗性水平及抗性遗传规律,对延缓该虫抗药性、指导田间杀虫剂使用提供了理论依据,对抗药性治理工作具有实践指导意义。

基于年龄-龄期两性生命表分析阿维菌素对松褐天牛肿腿蜂的亚致死效应

【目的】阿维菌素是林业系统中常用的杀虫剂之一。该研究旨在探究阿维菌素对天敌昆虫——松褐天牛肿腿蜂Sclerodermus alternatusi的亚致死效应。【方法】采用微量点滴法,测定阿维菌素对松褐天牛肿腿蜂成蜂的毒力,并用亚致死剂量LD_(10)(3.20×10^(-5)μg/头)和LD_(30)(8.86×10^(-5)μg/头)阿维菌素处理松褐天牛肿腿蜂雌成蜂,测定其F_(1)代的发育历期、繁殖力、存活率及雌、雄成蜂寿命等参数的变化,并组建年龄-龄期两性生命表。【结果】与空白对照(未做任何处理)相比,LD_(10)和LD_(30)剂量阿维菌素处理均能显著缩短松褐天牛肿腿蜂雄成蜂寿命,但对卵、幼虫及蛹的历期无显著影响,但LD_(10)剂量阿维菌素处理还显著延长了松褐天牛肿腿蜂雌成蜂寿命。同时,LD_(10)和LD_(30)剂量阿维菌素处理下松褐天牛肿腿蜂F_(1)代雌成蜂的平均单雌产卵量较空白对照组分别升高了24.70%和64.56%。此外,F1代种群参数结果表明,LD_(10)和LD_(30)剂量阿维菌素处理使松褐天牛肿腿蜂平均世代周期(T)均显著延长,分别较空白对照组增加了7.01%和4.38%,但是对内禀增长率(r)与周限增长率(λ)无显著影响;LD_(10)剂量阿维菌素处理后松褐天牛肿腿蜂净增殖率(R_(0))较空白对照组显著增加。【结论】亚致死剂量的阿维菌素会抑制松褐天牛肿腿蜂后代的存活率,同时也能显著促进后代雌成蜂繁殖力,对后代种群增长无显著影响,阿维菌素是一个不影响天敌种群存活的较为理想的林业害虫防治药剂。

高效液相色谱法检测花卉中阿维菌素的残留量

本文建立了高效液相色谱法检测茉莉花、百合、玫瑰花鲜样与干样中阿维菌素残留量的分析方法。样品采用乙腈提取,固相分散萃取净化,衍生后采用反相液相色谱荧光检测器检测,外标法定量。通过茉莉花、百合、玫瑰花空白样品分析表明,目标峰保留时间处无干扰,说明该方法特异性良好。阿维菌素峰面积与质量浓度在0.01~1.0 mg/L范围内具有良好的线性关系,R2为0.9997。阿维菌素在鲜茉莉花、鲜玫瑰花、鲜百合中的平均添加回收率分别为92%~110%、84%~88%、86%~103%,相对标准偏差分别为2%~6%、6%~8%、5%~9%;在干茉莉花、干玫瑰花、干百合中的平均添加回收率分别为75%~87%、78%~89%、72%~88%,相对标准偏差分别为5%~12%、4%~8%、2%~12%;符合残留分析方法正确度和精密度的要求。定量限均为0.01 mg/kg。该方法具有良好的特异性、线性、定量限、正确度和精密度,适用于茉莉花、玫瑰花、百合中阿维菌素残留量的测定。