Experimental Study on Vortex-Induced Vibration of Rough Risers with Coupling Interference Effect Under Side-by-Side Arrangement

A vortex-induced vibration(VIV)experiment of rough risers with coupling interference effect under a side-by-side arrangement was carried out in a wave-current combined flume.The roughness of the riser was characterized by arranging different specifications of surface attachments on the surface of the riser.Rough risers with three different roughnesses were arranged side by side with smooth risers to explore the VIV response of the riser under the combined action of roughness and interference effect,and to reveal the coupling mechanism between roughness and interference effect.The experimental results show that,compared with that of a smooth riser,the VIV of a rough riser under the coupling interference effect has a wider"lock-in"region,and the displacement decreases more significantly at a high reduced velocity,which is more likely to excite higher-order modes and frequency responses.In addition,the displacement response and frequency response of the smooth riser are not significantly affected by wake interference from the rough riser,which is caused by the decrease of the wake region due to the delay of the boundary layer separation point of the rough riser.

Experimental Study on Vortex-Induced Vibration of Rough Risers Coupling with Interference Effect in Tandem Arrangement

In order to study the response law of vortex-induced vibration(VIV)of marine risers under the combined action of roughness and interference effects,and to reveal the coupling mechanism of roughness and interference effects on the riser,a VIV experiment of rough risers in tandem arrangement was conducted in a wave−current combined flume.The experiment characterized the risers’roughness by arranging different specifications of attachments on the surface of the risers.Three rough risers with different roughness and smooth risers were arranged in tandem arrangement,with the rough risers arranged downstream.The experimental results indicate that the suppression of the attachments on the downstream risers’vibration are more significant both in the CF and IL directions as the reduced velocity increases.For the downstream riser,the amplitude response of rough riser is more significantly weakened compared with the smooth one at high reduced velocity.For the upstream risers,changes in the roughness and spacing ratio have an impact on their‘lock-in’region.When the roughness of downstream risers is relatively large(0.1300)and the spacing between risers is small(S/D=4.0),the reduced velocity range of‘lock-in’region in the CF direction of upstream risers is obviously expanded,and the displacement in the‘lock-in’region is severer.

Interaction Mechanisms between Natural Debris Flow and Rigid Barrier Deflectors:A New Perspective for Rational Design and Optimal Arrangement

Rigid barrier deflectors can effectively prevent overspilling landslides,and can satisfy disaster prevention requirements.However,the mechanisms of interaction between natural granular flow and rigid barrier deflectors require further investigation.To date,few studies have investigated the impact of deflectors on controlling viscous debris flows for geological disaster prevention.To investigate the effect of rigid barrier deflectors on impact mechanisms,a numerical model using the smoothed particle hydrodynamics(SPH)method with the Herschel–Bulkley model is proposed to simulate the interaction between natural viscous flow and single/dual barriers with and without deflectors.This model was validated using laboratory flume test data from the literature.Then,the model was used to investigate the influence of the deflector angle and multi-barrier arrangements.The optimal configuration of multi-barriers was analyzed with consideration to the barrier height and distance between the barriers,because these metrics have a significant impact on the viscous flow pile-up,run-up,and overflow mechanisms.The investigation considered the energy dissipation process,retention efficiency,and dead-zone formation.Compared with bare barriers with similar geometric characteristics and spatial distribution,rigid barriers with deflectors exhibit superior effectiveness in preventing the overflow and overspilling of viscous debris flow.Recommendations for the rational design of deflectors and the optimal arrangement of multi-barriers are provided to mitigate geological disasters.

The Application of Piano in Chinese Pop Music Arrangements

By exploring the application of piano in Chinese pop music arrangements,this article aims to enhance the understanding of the position of piano in pop music and provide useful insights and references for the future development of Chinese pop music.Starting from the unique position of piano in Chinese pop music arrangements,the article analyses in detail the specific applications of piano in Chinese pop music arrangements.The analysis finds that the piano has been deeply integrated into the bloodline of Chinese popular music and become an indispensable part.From simple melodic embellishments to complex arrangement ideas,the piano has injected endless vitality and vigor into popular music with its unique timbre and expressive power.

Influence of Fruit Tree Types and Arrangements on Yield, Quality and Economic Returns of Cotton of Intercropping System in Southern Xinjiang

[Objective] The aim was to provide a theoretical basis for stable and highly effective intercropping arrangements and scientific management measures by selecting apple, pear, peach, apricot, walnut, jujube and other fruit trees to study their influence on yield, fiber quality and economic returns of intercropped cotton in southern Xinjiang. [Method] Based on major cropping pattern in production, randomized block design was adopted to explore growth indicators, canopy micrometeorological indicators, yield and fiber quality in key growth stage. [Result] Shading has a significant effect on cotton canopy micro-environment and canopy diameter is proportional to shading effect. According to comparisons of the same tree type, the change of canopy micro-environment was as follows： under canopyouter canopymiddle points and peachpearapplewalnutjujube for comparisons among different tree types. Canopy diameter is directly proportional to the number of tree branch and boll weight reductions and shading is the main cause of yield reduction. The canopy expansion is the major cause of decline of light intensity, temperature and humidity of cotton canopy. [Conclusion] Fruit trees, which will promote cotton yield,quality and canopy-environment, are as follows： jujube walnut apple pear peach trees. In practice, trees, which are small in canopy or well trimmed, are popular in production, such as jujube trees, to improve cotton yield and fiber quality.

Classification and Nomenclature of Plant Metallothionein-like Proteins Based on Their Cysteine Arrangement Patterns

随着植物基因组研究的进展 ,在基因文库和蛋白文库登录的植物类金属硫蛋白基因已超过 5 0个 ,接近金属硫蛋白总数的 1/ 3,而且有不断上升的趋势。鉴于目前植物类金属硫蛋白命名与分类随意性太大 ,很有必要建立一个统一合理的命名与分类法。对植物类金属硫蛋白一级结构进行详细分析后 ,发现该蛋白两端富含半胱氨酸的区域内半胱氨酸的排列方式颇具规律性 ,进而提出了以半胱氨酸排列方式为基础的分类及命名法 ,并阐述了采用这种方法的理由及其可行性。

The Supersolvable Order of Hyperplanes of an Arrangement

This paper mainly gives a sufficient and necessary condition for an order of hyperplanes of a graphic arrangement being supersolvable. In addition, we give the relations between the set of supersolvable orders of hyperplanes and the set of quadratic orders of hyperplanes for a supersolvable arrangement.

The Structural Transformation of Nucleolar DNA and Its Arrangement in Nucleolus of Allium cepa Cells

By using the DNA specific cytochemical staining method (NAMA_Ur) and conventional electron microscopic technique, the authors examined the configuration of intranucleolar DNA in Allium cepa L. cells and found that nucleolar DNA within the fibrillar center (FC) underwent a structural transformation process from condensed to extended state. The authors' observations also displayed a continuous arrangement process of nucleolar DNA, i.e., the extranucleolar DNA entered FC through the nucleolar organizer region (NOR) channel, then extended to the periphery of FC or to the border between FC and dense fibrillar component (DFC), and distributed along the periphery of FC. Thence, by passing through the NOR channel between FCs, the nucleolar DNA continued to transfer to other FCs and arranged in the same above_mentioned forms.

Restraints and Countermeasures for the Sustainable Development of China's Modern Flower Arrangement Art

Factors that influence the development of China's modern flower arrangement art are analyzed in this study,countermeasures and suggestions are proposed for the future development.

Research on Arrangement of Urban Garden Plants in the Perspective of Ecological Adaptability

With the increasing deterioration of urban environment, strengthening construction of garden green land was one of the effective ways to ameliorate urban environment. However, as designers only focused on the landscape effect of garden plant arrangement and neglected the relationship between plants and natural environment, it resulted in poor growth of some plant community even the disappearance of some communities. Therefore, good landscaping effect could be achieved only when garden layout requirement was considered and suitable cultivation environment was selected based on plants ecological feature, giving full play to its landscaping and ecological function. The study discussed the arrangement of garden plants mainly in the perspective of temperature, light, water, atmosphere and soil environmental factors which were suitable for garden plants, so as to realize the high unity of scientificity and artistry garden plants arrangement, provide a save, comfortable and healthy living and working environment for residents, achieve virtuous cycling development of urban ecological system and promote sustainable development of the city.

Conductor Arrangement and Phase Sequence Optimization Scheme for 500 kV Four-Circuit Transmission Lines on Same Tower

The four-circuit parallel line on the same tower effectively solves the problems faced by the line reconstruction and construction under the condition of the increasing shortage of transmission corridors.Optimizing the conductor and phase sequence arrangement of multiple transmission lines is conducive to improving electromagnetic and electrostatic coupling caused by electromagnetic problems.This paper uses the ATP-EMTP simulation software to build a 500 kV multi-circuit transmission line on the same tower.It stimulates the induced voltage and current values of different line lengths,tower spacing,vertical and horizontal spacing between different circuits,phase sequence arrangement,and nominal tower height.Moreover,use the BP neural network optimized by a genetic algorithm to predict the induced voltage and current under the unknown conductor and phase sequence arrangement.Finally,based on multi-objective particle swarm algorithm to construct the optimization model of conductor arrangement scheme of overhead transmission line,combined with electromagnetic environment control index,determine the optimal conductor arrangement scheme by the size of particle fitness function,a significant reduction in induced voltages and currents between transmission lines and the four-circuit conductor layout scheme meeting the requirements of the electromagnetic environment is obtained,which provides a reference for the tower design of the transmission station project.

Arrangement of High-standard Basic Farmland Construction Based on Village-region Cultivated Land Quality Uniformity

As an important constitute of land consolidation, high-standard basic farmland construction is an important means to protect the quantity, quality and ecological environment of cultivated land. Its target not only lies in the increase of cultivated land quantity, but also the improvement of cultivated land quality, agricultural production conditions and ecosystem environments. In the present study, the quality evaluation method and construction arrangement of cultivated land were explored to facilitate the process of decision-making and implementation for high-standard basic farmland construction(HSBFC) with administrative village as the unit. Taking the land comprehensive improvement project area in Quzhou County, Handan City, Hebei Province as a case study, the whole process of the study comprised of three steps: 1) establishment of the evaluation model of cultivated land quality uniformity based on regional optimum cultivated land quality, and construction of the uniformity evaluation index system from the aspects of soil fertility quality, engineering quality, spatial quality and eco-environment quality, according to the new concept of cultivated land quality; 2) calculation of cultivated land quality uniformity by grading indicators, assigning scores and weighting sums, exploring the local homogenization characteristics of regional cultivated land quality through spatial autocorrelation analysis, and analyzing the constraints and transformative potential of barrier factors; 3) arrangement of HSBFC according to the principle of concentration, continuity and priority to the easy operation. The results revealed that the value of farmland quality uniformity for the administrative villages in the study area was between 7.76 and 21.96, and there was a difference between various administrative villages. The regional spatial autocorrelation patterns included High-High(HH), Low-Low(LL), High-Low(HL) and Low-High(LH). These indicate that regional cultivated land quality has local homogenization characteristics. The most restrictive factors in the study area were the medium and low transformation difficulty indexes, including soil organic matter content, farmland shelterbelt network density, field regularity and scale of the field. In addition, there were also high transformation difficulty indicators in some areas, such as sectional configuration. The project area was divided into four partitions: major construction area, secondary construction area, general construction area, and conditional construction area. The cultivated land area of each subarea was 1538.85 ha, 1224.27 ha, 555.93 ha, and 1666.63 ha, respectively. This comprised of 30.87%, 24.56%, 11.15% and 33.42% of the total project area, respectively. The evaluation model and index system could satisfy the evaluation of farmland quality and diagnosis of obstacle factors to facilitate the subsequent construction decision. The present study provides reference for the practice of regional HSBFC, and a new feasible idea and method for related studies.

Effects of Irrigation Water Quality and Drip Tape Arrangement on Soil Salinity,Soil Moisture Distribution,and Cotton Yield (Gossypium hirsutum L.) Under Mulched Drip Irrigation in Xinjiang,China

More and more attention is being focused on saline water utilization in irrigation due to the shortage of fresh water to agriculture in many regions. For purpose of reducing the risks of using of saline water for irrigation, the mechanism of soil moisture and salinity distribution and transport should be well understood for developing optimum management strategies. In this paper, field experiments were carried out at Junggar Basin, China, to study the effects of drip irrigation water quality and drip tape arrangement on distribution of soil salinity and soil moisture. Six treatments were designed, including two drip tape arrangement modes and three irrigation water concentration levels （0.24, 4.68, and 7.42 dS m^-l）. Results showed that, soil moisture content （SMC） directly beneath the drip tape in all treatments kept a relatively high value about 18% before boll opening stage; the SMC in the narrow strip in single tape arrangement （Ms） plot was obviously lower than that in the double tapes arrangement （Md） plot, indicating that less sufficient water was supplied under the same condition of irrigation depth, but there was no significant reduction in yield. Mulching had not significant influence on salt accumulation but the drip tape arrangement, under the same condition of irrigation water depth and quality, compared with Md, Ms reduced salt accumulation in root zone and brought about relatively high cotton yield.

Effects of arrangement of surge-root irrigation emitters on growth,yield and water use efficiency of apple trees

Six-year old apple trees were selected for field experiment.The objective of this study was to obtain the reasonable arrangement of surge-root irrigation emitters in apple orchards.There were three factors:the buried depth H(25,40,55 cm),the horizontal distance L(30,40,60 cm)between the emitters and the trunk of the experimental tree,and the number of the irrigation emitters N(1,2,4).The effect of the arrangement of surge-root irrigation emitters on the growth,yield and irrigation water use efficiency(IWUE)of apple trees were studied in Northern Shaanxi where the irrigation quota takes 60%-75%of the field water capacity.The results showed that the arrangement of emitters for surge-root irrigation had a significant effect on apple tree yield and IWUE,especially,the yield and IWUE reached 28388.17 kg/hm2 and 16.83 kg/m3 in treatment T3,respectively.At the same L and N levels(T1,T2,and T3),the yield and IWUE in treatment T3 were the highest,and the yields in treatments T1 and T2 were decreased by 26.22%and 31.48%,while IWUE is reduced by14.02%and 18.12%compared with T3,respectively.At the same H and N levels(T3,T4,and T5),the yield and IWUE of apple trees were decreased with increasing L level.Especially,when L was 30 cm(T3),the yield and IWUE were the highest.The same L and H levels(T3,T6,and T7)could promote the growth of apple trees when N was 2(T3).Compared with treatment T3,it was found that the increment of new shoots was decreased by 8.07%-18.71%,and the fruit diameter was decreased by 5.41%-9.11%.Therefore,two emitters should be arranged symmetrically on both sides of an apple tree,each was buried at a 40 cm depth and 30 cm away from the trunk of the tree to effectively improve the yield and IWUE of the apple tree in mountainous areas in Northern Shaanxi.

Study on pick arrangement of shearer drum based on load fluctuation

According to the coal or rock cutting theory, a mechanical model and computing formula for a pick and the drum load fluctuation model were established in order to obtain relationships between pick arrangements and drum fluctuation loads, drum rotary speeds and haulage speeds. Based on a minimum load fluctuation, an optimal mathematical model was established for drum pick arrangements. The effects of pick arrangements （including punnett square, sequence, aberrance Ⅰ and Ⅱ） on the drum load fluctuation coefficient are discussed. The relationships between the pick arrangements of the drum with different start vanes and the cutting load fluctuation coefficient, the drum rotary speed and haulage speed were also studied. The results indicate that the punnett square arrangement has a smaller cutting load fluctuation coefficient than other forms of arrangement and the drum with the 4-start vanes has the smallest coefficient. The drum rotary speed and haulage speed are affected not only by pick arrangements, but also by the number of vanes.

Evaluation of flow behavior in copper electro-refining cell with different inlet arrangements

The arrangement of electrolyte inlet in the copper electro-refining(ER)cell has a great influence on the local flow field,which affects the distribution of electrical current density in consequence.In order to understand the complicated phenomena ofelectrolyte flow behavior in vertical counter electrodes in full-scale copper ER cell,the three-dimensional computational fluiddynamics(CFD)models with four different arrangements of electrolyte inlets,i.e.,single inlet(SI),central bottom inlets(CBI),topside interlaced inlets(TII),and bottom side interlaced inlets(BII),were established to simulate the flow behavior.Simulation resultshave revealed that the parallel injection devices help to improve the electrolyte velocity between electrodes,and while the relativerange of electrolyte velocity in CBI exceeds that of TII and BII,which is more than4times,indicating its severer unequal flowdistribution.Meanwhile,the average velocity of electrolyte in BII is4times larger than that of SI due to its higher turbulenceintensity.Generally,one of the efficient ways to supply fresh copper solution rapidly and uniformly into the inter-electrode space is toadapt the arrangement of BII.By utilizing such an arrangement,the electro-refining under high electrical current density is possible,and the productivity can be increased in sequence.

Understanding the Choice of Sleep Arrangements and Soothing Methods and Their Associations with Sleep Problems among Children Under 3 Years Old:A Chinese Population Based Study

Objective This study aimed to examine the sleep arrangements and soothing methods and to assess their associations with sleep problems among children aged<3 years in China.Methods A cross-sectional survey was conducted in 2019 from six provinces in China.A total of 1,195 caregivers of children aged 0–35 months were included in the study.Data on sleep arrangements,soothing methods,and sleep problems(i.e.,frequent night awakenings and difficulty falling asleep)were assessed using the Brief Infant Sleep Questionnaire.The reasons for bed-sharing in sleep arrangements were recorded using a self-designed questionnaire.Results The bed-sharing practice was very prevalent at any age,which ranged from 69.9%to 78.3%.Most infants fell asleep while feeding or being rocked/held before age 12 months.By age 35 months,62.4%of the children fell asleep in bed near parents.The most common reasons for bed-sharing were breastfeeding/feeding and convenience.Parental involvement when falling asleep was significantly related with frequent night awakenings and difficulty falling asleep.No association was found between bed-sharing and sleep.Conclusion Bed-sharing and parental involvement were very common among Chinese children aged<3 years.Children who fall asleep with parental involvement were more likely to have sleep problems.

Optimal arrangement for pressure measurement points in working chamber of earth pressure balance shield

In order to exactly provide scientific basis for pressure dynamic balance control of working chamber of earth pressure balance shield (EPBS),study on optimal arrangement of pressure measurement points in working chamber was conducted. Based on mathematical description of optimal arrangement for pressure measurement points,fuzzy clustering analysis and discriminant analysis were used to divide pressure regions of nodes on bulkhead. Finally,the selection method of optimal measurement points was proposed,and by selecting d6.28 m EPBS as study object,the case study was conducted. By contrast,based on optimal arrangement scheme of pressure measurement points,through adopting weighted algorithm,the absolute error mean of equivalent pressure of working chamber is the smallest. In addition,pressure curve of optimal arrangement points presents parabola,and it can show the state of pressure distribution on bulkhead truly. It is concluded that the optimal arrangement method of pressure measurement points in working chamber is effective and feasible,and the method can provide basis for realizing high precision pressure control of EPBS.

Sciatic nerve injury alters the spatial arrangement of neurons and glial cells in the anterior horn of the spinal cord

The spatial arrangement of the cell is important and considered as underlying mechanism for mathematical modeling of cell to cell interaction.The ability of cells to take on the characteristics of other cells in an organism,it is important to understand the dynamical behavior of the cells.This method implements experimental parameters of the cell-cell interaction into the mathematical simulation of cell arrangement.The purpose of this research was to explore the three-dimensional spatial distribution of anterior horn cells in the rat spinal cord to examine differences after sciatic nerve injury.Sixteen Sprague-Dawley male rats were assigned to control and axotomy groups.Twelve weeks after surgery,the anterior horn was removed for first-and second-order stereological studies.Second-order stereological techniques were applied to estimate the pair correlation and cross-correlation functions using a dipole probe superimposed onto the spinal cord sections.The findings revealed 7% and 36% reductions in the mean volume and total number of motoneurons,respectively,and a25% increase in the neuroglial cell number in the axotomized rats compared to the control rats.In contrast,the anterior horn volume remained unchanged.The results also indicated a broader gap in the pair correlation curve for the motoneurons and neuroglial cells in the axotomized rats compared to the control rats.This finding shows a negative correlation for the distribution of motoneurons and neuroglial cells in the axotomized rats.The cross-correlation curve shows a negative correlation between the motoneurons and neuroglial cells in the axotomized rats.These findings suggest that cellular structural and functional changes after sciatic nerve injury lead to the alterations in the spatial arrangement of motoneurons and neuroglial cells,finally affecting the normal function of the central nervous system.The experimental protocol was reviewed and approved by the Animal Ethics Committee of Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences(approval No.IR.SBMU.MSP.REC1395.375) on October 17,2016.

Effects of Magnetic Particles Entrance Arrangements on Mixing Efficiency of a Magnetic Bead Micromixer

In this study, a computer code is developed to numerically investigate a magnetic bead micromixer under different conditions. The micromixer consists of a microchannel and numerous micro magnetic particles which enter the micromixer by fluid flows and are actuated by an alternating magnetic field normal to the main flow. An important feature of micromixer which is not considered before by researchers is the particle entrance arrangement into the micromixer. This parameter could effectively affect the micromixer efficiency. There are two general micro magnetic particle entrance arrangements in magnetic bead micromixers: determined position entrance and random position entrance. In the case of determined position entrances, micro magnetic particles enter the micromixer at specific positions of entrance cross section. However, in a random position entrance,particles enter the microchannel with no order. In this study mixing efficiencies of identical magnetic bead micromixers which only differ in particle entrance arrangement are numerically investigated and compared.The results reported in this paper illustrate that the prepared computer code can be one of the most powerful and beneficial tools for the magnetic bead micromixer performance analysis. In addition, the results show that some features of the magnetic bead micromixer are strongly affected by the entrance arrangement of the particles.