The study of measuring technology on the dynamic mechanical properties of welded joint with high strainrate

In this paper, to meet the needs of studying work of dynamic mechanical properties of welded joint, the dynamic mechanical properties of welded joint were measured by means of SHPB(Split Hopkinson Pressure Bar).The dynamic mechanical property's curves of every part of welded joint were obtained. For studying the dynamic behavior of mechanical heterogeneity of welded joint, important data were offered. The method of test creates a new way of studying dynamic mechanical properties of welded joint.

EFFECTS OF MOLECULE AGGREGATION STATE OF HINDERED PHENOL ON DYNAMIC MECHANICAL PROPERTIES OF CHLORINATED POLYETHYLENE

Hindered phenol compound 3,9-bis{1,1-dimethyl-2[β-(3-tert-butyl-4-hydroxy-5-methylphenyl)propionyloxy]ethyl}- 2,4,8,10-tetraoxaspiro[5,5]-undecane (AO-80) is a polymorphous material with different physical structures. The initial AO- 80 is highly crystalline, whereas AO-80 obtained by cooling from its molten state is an amorphous material. Annealing treatment below the melting point of AO-80 results in structural development. The mixture of chlorinated polyethylene (CPE) and vitrified AO-80 particles exhibits a dramatic change in the dynamic mechanical properties during heat treatment at 130'C. This change can be attributed to the decomposition of the vitrified AO-80 particles and the hybridization of two constituents. The vitrified AO-80 particles can crystallize again in a CPE matrix by annealing at 100'C, but this crystal is different from that of the initial AO-80 in its microstructure. In addition, the incorporation of CPE chains caused a dramatic increase in the modulus. As a result, the AO-80 crystal particles that contain some CPE chains act as multifunctional cross- links and the CPE/AO-80 hybrid was found to be a new type of elastomer.

Temperature Dependency of Dynamic Mechanical Properties of Cement Asphalt Paste by DMTA Method

We investigated the temperature dependency of the dynamic mechanical properties of cement asphalt paste by the dynamic mechanical thermal analysis（DMTA） method. The experimental results show that the dynamic mechanical properties of cement asphalt pastes are sensitive to temperature due to the inclusion of asphalt, and may go through different states within a temperature range of-40 ℃ to 60 ℃, which is different from that of pure cement and asphalt. As the temperature of the cement asphalt paste increases, a considerable change of dynamic mechanical properties, including storage modulus（E＇）, loss modulus（E＇＇） and loss factor（tand） is observed. Moreover, the influence of asphalt to cement（A/C） ratio on the temperature sensitivity of the dynamic mechanical properties of cement asphalt composites was investigated. The temperature dependency of cement asphalt composites is ascribed to the temperature dependency of the asphalt and its interaction with cement paste. A simple fractional model is proposed to describe the viscoelastic behavior of cement asphalt composites.

Microstructure Evolution and Dynamic Mechanical Properties of Laser Additive Manufacturing Ti-6Al-4V Under High Strain Rate

The dynamic mechanical properties of the Ti-6Al-4V(TC4)alloy prepared by laser additive manufacturing(LAM-TC4)under the high strain rate(HSR)are proposed.The dynamic compression experiments of LAM-TC4 are conducted with the split Hopkinson pressure bar(SHPB)equipment.The results show that as the strain rate increases,the widths of the adiabatic shear band(ASB),the micro-hardness,the degree of grain refinement near the ASB,and the dislocation density of grains grow gradually.Moreover,the increase of dislocation density of grains is the root factor in enhancing the yield strength of LAM-TC4.Meanwhile,the heat produced from the distortion and dislocations of grains promotes the heat softening effect favorable for the recrystallization of grains,resulting in the grain refinement of ASB.Furthermore,the contrastive analysis between LAM-TC4 and TC4 prepared by forging(F-TC4)indicates that under the HSR,the yield strength of LAM-TC4 is higher than that of F-TC4.

The Effect of Fibre Length on Flexural and Dynamic Mechanical Properties of Pineapple Leaf Fibre Composites

The present paper deals with the effect of loading different pineapple leaf fibre(PALF)length(short,mixed and long fibres)and their reinforcement for the fabrication of vinyl ester(VE)composites.Performance of PALF/VE composites was investigated through three-point bending flexural testing and viscoelastic(dynamic)mechanical properties through dynamic mechanical analysis(DMA).DMA results revealed that the long PALF/VE composites displayed better mechanical,damping factor and dynamic properties as compared to the short and mixed PALF/VE composites.The flexural strength and modulus of long PALF/VE composites were 113.5 MPa and 14.3 GPa,respectively.The storage(E′)and loss(E″)moduli increased to 2000 MPa and 225 MPa respectively for PALF/VE composites.Overall result analysis indicated that increasing the length of the reinforcement fibre results in satisfactory mechanical performance and dynamic properties of composites.

Experimental study of the dynamic mechanical responses and failure characteristics of coal under true triaxial confinements

Investigations on the dynamic mechanical properties and failure mechanisms of coal under in-situ stress is essential for the prevention of dynamic disasters in deep coal mines.Thus,a modified true triaxial Hopkinson bar was employed to explore the dynamic mechanical behaviors of coal at different confining pressures(0–20 MPa)and strain rates(40–220 s^(-1)).The results show that the dynamic peak stress is positively correlated with lateral static pre-stressσy andσz,but negatively correlated with axial static prestressσx.At approximate strain rates,increasing the lateral static pre-stress facilitates increasing the dynamic peak stress,but the minimum lateral static pre-stress is the primary factor limiting a significant increase in dynamic peak stress of coal.Furthermore,the dynamic differential stress is linearly related to the logarithm of strain rate,and the peak strain varies linearly with strain rate.However,there is no significant correlation between confining pressure and peak strain.Moreover,X-ray CT images and photographic fracture observations of coal samples show the failure patterns under uniaxial and triaxial conditions are splitting failure and shear failure,respectively.The device provides a viable approach for fully comprehending the dynamic mechanical behaviors of rock-like material in complex stress conditions.

Dynamic mechanical characteristics of frozen subgrade soil subjected to freeze-thaw cycles

As a widely-applied engineering material in cold regions, the frozen subgrade soils are usually subjected to seismic loading, which are also dramatically influenced by the freeze-thaw(F-T)cycles due to the varying temperature. A series of dynamic cyclic triaxial experiments were conducted through a cryogenic triaxial apparatus for exploring the influences of F-T cycles on the dynamic mechanical properties of frozen subgrade clay.According to the experimental results of frozen clay at the temperature of-10℃, the dynamic responses and microstructure variation at different times of F-T cycles(0, 1, 5, and 20 cycles) were explored in detail.It is experimentally demonstrated that the dynamic stress-strain curves and dynamic volumetric strain curves of frozen clay are significantly sparse after 20F-T cycles. Meanwhile, the cyclic number at failure(Nf) of the frozen specimen reduces by 89% after 20freeze-thaw cycles at a low ratio of the dynamic stress amplitude. In addition, with the increasing F-T cycles,the axial accumulative strain, residual deformation,and the value of damage variable of frozen clay increase, while the dynamic resilient modulus and dynamic strength decrease. Finally, the influence of the F-T cycles on the failure mechanisms of frozen clay was discussed in terms of the microstructure variation. These studies contribute to a better understanding of the fundamental changes in the dynamic mechanical of frozen soils exposed to F-T cycles in cold and seismic regions.

Experimental Study on the Dynamic Mechanical Properties of Reinforced Concrete under Shock Loading

A simple experimental method was introduced to study the mechanical properties of reinforced concrete under shock loading. The one-stage light gas gun was used to test the me- chanical properties of reinforced concrete with different reinforcement ratios under various impact velocities. Three Mn-Cu piezoresistive pressure gauges embedded in the target were used to record the voltage-time signals, from which the stress-strain curves of reinforced concrete were obtained using Lagrangian analysis. Experimental results indicated that the load-bearing capacities of re- inforced concrete increased greatly with the impact velocity and the reinforcement ratio. The peak stress of the shock wave decreased exponentially with the propagation distance.

Flexural and Dynamic Mechanical Properties of Alkali-Treated Coir/Pineapple Leaf Fibres Reinforced Polylactic Acid Hybrid Biocomposites

Polylactic acid(PLA)possesses good mechanical and biodegradability properties which make it a suitable material for polymer composites whereas brittleness and high costs limit its utilization in various applications.The reinforcement of natural fibres with biopolymers has been formed to be an efficient technique to develop composites having the ability to be fully biodegradable.This study concerns with the incorporation of various percentages of untreated and alkali-treated Coir Fibres(CF)and pineapple leaf fibres(PALF)in PLA biocomposites and characterizations of flexural,morphological and dynamic mechanical properties.Flexural properties showed that the treated C1P1 hybrid composites(C1P1A)displayed highest flexural strength(35.81 MPa)and modulus(5.28 GPa)among all hybrid biocomposites.Scanning Electron Microscopy(SEM)revealed a behaviour of fibre-matrix adhesion in untreated treated biocomposites.SEM observation revealed good dispersion of the fillers in PLA.Dynamic mechanical analysis revealed that C1P1A showed highest glass transition temperature(Tg)and storage modulus(E')while untreated C3P7 displayed the least Tg and E'.Overall findings showed that alkali-treated hybrid biocomposites(CF/PALF/PLA)especially C1P1A have improved flexural properties,dynamic and morphological properties over untreated biocomposites.Success of these findings will provide attracting consideration of these hybrid biocomposites for various lightweight uses in a broad selection of industrial applications such as biomedical sectors,automobile,construction,electronics equipment,and hardware tools.

Dynamic Mechanical Properties and Energy Dissipation Characteristics of Frozen Soil Under Passive Confined Pressure

Impact compression tests on frozen soil samples with different freezing temperatures and subjected to passive confined pressure were performed using a split Hopkinson pressure bar at different loading strain rates.The three-dimensional stress-strain curves of the frozen soil samples under the corresponding conditions were obtained.The experimental results showed that,when the frozen soil was loaded to its elastic limit,shear failure occurred,the bearing capacity of pore ice was lost,and the thawed soil functioned as the main stress-bearing body.Nevertheless,the capacity of frozen soil to withstand hydrostatic pressure continued to increase.The dynamic mechanical properties of the frozen soil under passive confined pressure were observed to be strongly related to the loading strain rate and freezing temperature.As the loading strain rate increased,the secant modulus,elastic modulus,and strength(including the shear strength)of the frozen soil increased,whereas its Poisson^ratio and coefficient of lateral pressure decreased.As the freezing temperature decreased,the secant modulus,elastic modulus,and shear strength of the frozen soil increased;however,its Poisson5s ratio and coefficient of lateral pressure decreased.When the frozen soil was subjected to impact loading under passive confined pressure,energy dissipation occurred due to plastic deformation,mesoscopic damage evolution,and ice-water phase transition.When shear failure occurred,the absorption energy per unit volume of frozen soil increased as the freezing temperature decreased and the loading strain rate increased.

Investigation of three different cooling treatments on dynamic mechanical properties and fragmentation characteristics of granite subjected to thermal cycling

Underground thermal engineering such as geothermal exploitation usually involves the response of impact loads due to the drilling operation and blasting load.This study investigated the dynamic mechanical properties and fragmentation characteristics of granite subjected to thermal cycling under natural cooling,water cooling,and liquid nitrogen cooling.Firstly,split Hopkinson pressure bar tests were performed on granite under three different cooling methods to study the dynamic mechanical parameters with thermal cycles.Subsequently,the damage factors were calculated to evaluate the damage on granite and the relationship between damage and stress.Finally,the granite fragments after impact were sieved,and the fractal dimension and average fragment size were introduced to analyze the fragmentation characteristics.The results demonstrate that the degradation of dynamic mechanical properties mainly occurs in the first four thermal cycles;with the increase of damage factor,the stress decreases linearly under the three cooling methods,and the damage caused by liquid nitrogen cooling to granite is the most significant,followed by water cooling.Fragments of granite change from axial splitting failure to a more complex composite failure mode.In addition,with the decrease of the average fragment size,the fractal dimension of the granite gradually increases,resulting in the higher fragmentation degree and the better uniformity of fragmentation.

Dynamic Mechanical Properties of Wood Powder /Polypropylene Composites

The dynamic mechanical properties of wood powder/polypropylene composites with different wood content treated and untreated with the compatibilizer have been studied. It has been found that addition of wood powders and the compatibilizer can both improve the viscoelasticity of composites. Glass transition temperature (Tg) of appropriate wood powder-filled composites decreased. The value for the storage modulus (G') increased gradually with increasing wood powder content. The addition of the compatibiliz...

A regeneration process-matching scaffold with appropriate dynamic mechanical properties and spatial adaptability for ligament reconstruction

Ligament regeneration is a complicated process that requires dynamic mechanical properties and allowable space to regulate collagen remodeling.Poor strength and limited space of currently available grafts hinder tissue regeneration,yielding a disappointing success rate in ligament reconstruction.Matching the scaffold retreat rate with the mechanical and spatial properties of the regeneration process remains challenging.Herein,a scaffold matching the regeneration process was designed via regulating the trajectories of fibers with different degradation rates to provide dynamic mechanical properties and spatial adaptability for collagen infiltration.This core-shell structured scaffold exhibited biomimetic fiber orientation,having tri-phasic mechanical behavior and excellent strength.Besides,by the sequential material degradation,the available space of the scaffold increased from day 6 and remained stable on day 24,consistent with the proliferation and deposition phase of the native ligament regeneration process.Furthermore,mature collagen infiltration and increased bone integration in vivo confirmed the promotion of tissue regeneration by the adaptive space,maintaining an excellent failure load of 67.65%of the native ligament at 16 weeks.This study proved the synergistic effects of dynamic strength and adaptive space.The scaffold matching the regeneration process is expected to open new approaches in ligament reconstruction.

Investigating the dynamic mechanical behaviors of polyurea through experimentation and modeling

Polyurea is widely employed as a protective coating in many fields because of its superior ability to improve the anti-blast and anti-impact capability of structures.In this study,the mechanical properties of polyurea XS-350 were investigated via systematic experimentation over a wide range of strain rates(0.001-7000 s^-1)by using an MTS,Instron VHS,and split-Hopkinson bars.The stress-strain behavior of polyurea was obtained for various strain rates,and the effects of strain rate on the primary mechanical properties were analyzed.Additionally,a modified rate-dependent constitutive model is proposed based on the nine-parameter Mooney-Rivlin model.The results show that the stress-strain curves can be divided into three distinct regions:the linear-elastic stage,the highly elastic stage,and an approximate linear region terminating in fracture.The mechanical properties of the polyurea material were found to be highly dependent on the strain rate.Furthermore,a comparison between model predictions and the experimental stress-strain curves demonstrated that the proposed model can characterize the mechanical properties of polyurea over a wide range of strain rates.

Effect of Thermal Crosslink Conditions on Dynamic Mechanical Behaviors of Flexible Epoxy

The dynamic mechanical behavior of a new kind of flexible epoxy FE-1,which was crosslinked under four different thermal crosslink conditions,was studied.Dynamic mechanical measurement was carried out from 10 ℃ to 120 ℃,and loss factor,tan δ and the storagemodulus as functions of temperature were presented under five different frequencies of 0.1 Hz, 1 Hz,5 Hz,50 Hz and 100 Hz. The experimental results show that temperature has dramatic effects on the dynamic mechanical behavior of flexible epoxy. Compared with other common available epoxy, the flexible epoxy has higher loss factor over broad frequency and common temperature range. Activation energy corresponding to glass transition process of FE-1 was calculated from the temperature corresponding to tan 8 rna~ values, obtained at different measurement frequencies. The maximum value of loss factor is 0.75 and the Tg varies from 6 ℃ to 50 ℃, indicating the flexible epoxy can be used as damping polymer materials at common temperature or frequency range.

Dynamic compressive response of porcine muscle measured using a split Hopkinson bar system with a pair of PVDF force transducers

The classic metallic Split Hopkinson Pressure Bar(SHPB)cannot capture the transmitted signal accurately when measuring soft biological tissue,because of the very low wave impedance and strength of this material.So the dynamic compressive response of porcine muscle has been investigated by using a modified SHPB.The forces on both ends of the sample measured using Polyvinylidene fluor(PVDF)transducers were applied to calculate the stress in the specimen instead of the strain gauge signal on the transmitted bar.Moreover,a circular cardboard disk pulse shaper was applied for generating a suitable incident pulse to achieve stress equilibrium and constant strain rates in the specimens.Then,the dynamic mechanical properties of porcine muscle parallel and perpendicular to the fiber directions were measured,and the stress equilibrium process during loading was analyzed,as well as the inertia-induced extra stress being corrected.Furthermore,quasi-static tests were conducted at two different strain rates to investigate the strain rate dependence using a universal material testing machine.The results show that the stress-strain curves are sensitive to strain rate in the two different loading directions.The compressive stress perpendicular to the fiber direction is stiffer than that parallel to the fiber direction.In addition,a strain rate-dependent constitutive model was developed based on the mechanical response of the muscle at different strain rates and fitted to the experimental data.The results show that the overall fit is good,and the constitutive model could describe the muscle's dynamic mechanical properties.

DynamicMechanical and Chemorheology Analysis for the Blended Epoxy System with Polyurethane Modified Resin

As the important matrix material,epoxy resin has been widely used in the composites for various fields.On account of the poor toughness of epoxy resin limiting their suitability for advanced applications,considerable interests have been conducted to modify the epoxy resin to meet the engineering requirements.In this study,the bio-based polyurethane(PU)modified resin was adopted to modify the pure bisphenol-A epoxy by blending method with various proportions.Aiming to illuminate the curing behavior,mechanical and thermal properties,the blended epoxy systems were characterized by viscosity-time analysis,dynamic mechanical analysis(DMA)at different frequencies and temperatures,mechanical tensile test,thermogravimetric analysis(TGA)and Fourier transform infrared(FT-IR)spectroscopy.The results indicated that the introduction of PU modified epoxy was found to significantly inhibit the viscosity growth rates especially when the content of PU modified epoxy resin is higher than 60%.Notwithstanding the dynamic modulus and T_(g)reduced with the increment of PU modified epoxy,remarkable increment on the elongation at break was found and the flexibility was greatly promoted with the introduction of PU modified epoxy.The proportion of PU modified epoxy in the blends should be put balance considerations to obtain optimal mechanical properties.TGA results and FTIR spectrum demonstrated that the addition of PU modified epoxy did not change the thermal decomposition mechanism and chemical reaction mechanism,but the addition of PU modified epoxy inhibits the curing reaction of epoxy resin by measured and calculated the damping temperature domain
T from 35.7℃ to 48.9℃.

Morphology and Mechanical Properties of Nylon 6/PBT Blends Compatibilized with Styrene/Maleic Anhydride Copolymer

The mechanical properties and dynamic mechanical properties of blends composed of Nylon 6 and poly （ butylenes terephthalate） （PBT）, with styrene/maleic anhydride（SMA） as compatibilizer, were studied. The observation on the morphologies of the etched surfaces of the cryogenically fractured specimens via scanning electron microscopy（SEM） demonstrated that in the compatibilized Nylon 6/PBT blends, there exists a finer and more uniform dispersion induced by the in-situ interfacial chemical reactions during the preparation than that in the corresponding uncompatibilized blends. On the other hand, the overall mechanical properties of the compatibilized blends could be remarkably im- proved compared with those of the uncompatibilized ones. Moreover, increasing the amount of the compatibilizer SMA leads to a more efficient dispersion of the PBT phase in Nylon 6/PBT blends. Furthermore, there exists an optimum level of SMA added to achieve the maximum mechanical properties. As far as the mechanism of this reactive compatibilization is concerned, the enhanced interfacial adhesion is necessary to obtain improved dispersion, stable phase morphology, and better mechanical properties.

Dynamic Mechanical Characteristics and Damage Evolution Model of Granite

By using the technique of the split Hopkinson pressure bar（ SHPB）,impact tests at different stress wavelengths（ 0. 8-2. 0 m） and strain rates（ 20-120 s^（-1）） were conducted to study the dynamic mechanical properties and damage accumulation evolution lawof granite. Test results showthat the dynamic compressive strength and strain rate of granite have a significantly exponential correlation;the relationship between peak strain and strain rate is approximately linear,and the increase of wavelengths generally makes the level of peak strain uplift. The multiple-impacts test at a lowstrain rate indicates that at the same wavelength,the cumulative damage of granite shows an exponential increasing form with the increase of strain rate; when keeping the increase of strain rate constant and increasing the stress wavelength,the damage accumulation effect of granite is intensified and still shows an exponential increasing form; under the effect of multiple impacts,the damage development trend of granite is similar overall,but the increase rate is accelerating. Therefore the damage evolution model was established on the basis of the exponential function while the physical meaning of parameters in the model was determined. The model can reflect the effect of the wave parameters and multiple impacts. The validity of the model and the physical meaning of the parameters were verified by the test,which further offer a reference for correlational research and engineering application for the granite.

Long-term mechanical behavior and characteristics of cemented tailings backfill through impact loading

Cemented tailings backfill(CTB)structures are important components of underground mine stopes.It is important to investigate the characteristics and dynamic behavior of CTB materials because they are susceptible to disturbance by dynamic loading,such as excavation and blasting.In this study,the authors present the results of a series of Split-Hopkinson pressure bar(SHPB)single and cyclic impact loading tests on CTB specimens to investigate the long-term dynamic mechanical properties of CTB.The stress-strain relationship,dynamic strength,and dynamic failure characteristics of CTB specimens are analyzed and discussed to provide valuable conclusions that will improve our knowledge of CTB long-term mechanical behavior and characteristics.For instance,the dynamic peak stress under cyclic impact loading is approximately twice that under single impact loading,and the CTB specimens are less prone to fracture when cyclically loaded.These findings and conclusions can provide a new set of references for the stability analysis of CTB materials and help guide mine designers in reducing the amount of binding agents and the associated mining cost.