Porcine Interleukin-2 Expression in Insect Cells and Its Enhancement of Pig Immunity to Swine Influenza Virus Inactivated Vaccine

Mature porcine interleukin-2 （pIL-2） gene was amplified by PCR from the plasmid pGEM-T-pIL2 and cloned into the baculovirus pFastBacTM Dual vector of the Bac-to-Bac baculovirus expression system under the control of the PH promoter. Recombinant plL-2 （rpIL-2） expressed in Sf9 insect cells was detected by sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis and immunofluorescence assay. Western blot analysis confirmed that the rpIL-2 protein had a molecular mass of 20 kDa, which was larger than the molecular mass of the mature protein predicted based on its peptide sequence. The rpIL-2 protein induced in vitro proliferation of ConA-stimulated porcine splenocytes and enhanced in vivo protective immune responses induced by vaccinating the pigs with inactivated oil emulsion vaccine against swine influenza virus. The results showed that the rpIL-2 expressed in Sf9 insect cells has immunoenhancement effects; the finding lays the foundation for the preparation of a specific recombinant IL-2 protein and the development of a novel immune adjuvant of vaccines against various infectious porcine pathogens to increase the immunoprotective efficacy of vaccines.

Human μ-opioid receptor overexpressed in Sf9 insect cells functionally coupled to endogenous G_(i/o) proteins

Human μ-opioid receptor （HμOR） with a tag of six consecutive histidines at its carboxyl terminus had been expressed in recombinant baculovirus infected Sf9 insect cells.The maximal binding capacity for the [3H] diprenorphine and [3H]ohmefentanyl （Ohm） were 9.1± 0.7 and 6.52±0.23 nmol/g protein, respectively. The [3H] diprenorphine or [3H] Ohm binding to the receptor expressed in Sf9 cells was strongly inhibited by μ-selective agonists [D-Ala2], N-methylPhe4, glyol5]enkephalin （DAGO）, Ohm, and morphine, but neither by δ nor by K selective agonist. Na+ （100 mM） and GTP （50 μM） could reduce HμOR agonists etorphine and Ohm affinity binding to the overexpressed HμOR. μ-selective agonists DAGO and Ohm effectively stimulated [35S]GTPγS binding (EC50 = 2.7nM and 6.9 nM) and inhibited forskolin- stimulated cAMP accumulation (IC50 = 0.9 nM and 0.3 nM). The agonist-dependent effects could be blocked by opioid antagonist naloxone or by pretreatment of cells with pertussis toxin （PTX）. These results demonstrated that HμOR overexpressed in Sf9 insect cells functionally coupled to endogenous Gi/o proteins.

High-Level Production of a Functional Recombinant Hepatitis B Virus Polymerase in Insect Cells with a Baculovirus Expression System

HBV polymerase has intrinsic RNA-dependent reverse transcriptase, DNA-dependent DNA polymerase as well as RNaseH activity. Analysis of HBV polymerase has been hampered for many years due to the inability to express functional enzyme in a recombinant system. To obtain ac- tive polymerase at a high level, we have taken advantage of baculovirus expression system. The gene of HBV polymerase was amplified by PCR and cloned into pFastBac Dual to construct the recombi- nant plasmid pFastbac Dual-pol. The recombinant donor plasmid, pFastbac Dual-pol, was constructed by inserting HBV polymerase gene into EcoRI and PstI sites controlled by polyhedrin promoter. The recombinant donor plasmid was transformed into DH10Bac competent cells for transposition. Re- combinant bacmid was constructed by inserting of the mini-Tn7 element from the donor plasmid into the mini-attTn7 attachment site on the bacmid. The recombinant bacmid DNA was isolated and transfected into the Sf9 cells to produce the recombinant virus, and healthy insect Sf9 cells were in- fected with the recombinant virus containing HBV polymerse gene to express the target protein. HBV polymerse expressed in insect cells was analyzed by SDS-PAGE. PCR results showed recombinant donor plasmid, pFastbac Dual-pol, was constructed successfully. The recombinant hepatitis B virus polymerase was expressed in insect cells at high level. The recombinant hepatitis B virus polymerase should facilitate the analysis of HBV polymerase biological characteristics, allow the investigation for new anti-HBV drugs specifically blocking HBV polymerase.

INFLUENCE OF MIXING DEVICE ON SERUM-FREE CULTIVATION OF INSECT CELLS IN SPINNER FLASKS

A culture system was developed and successfully employed for the serum-free cultivation of Tn-5B1-4 (Tn5 ) insect cells. With our adaptation procedure, it was possible to obtain cells fully adapted to serum-free media in stationary T-flasks and then enable these adapted cells to grow well in spinner flasks immediately. The spinner "ask with special stirring design proved tO provide favorable culture environment that made it desirable for use in the serum-free cultivation of Tn5 cells even at low seeding density.

Expression of Hantaan virus 26 kD fragment of nucleocapsid protein in insect cells and prelimimary study on its immunogenicity

Objective: To express the 26 kD fragment of Hantaan virus nucleocapsid protein that contains the major antigenic epitopes in insect cells, and make a preliminary analysis of its immunological characteristics. Methods: The recombinant baculovirus bac-S0.7 with the 700 bp fragment of S gene 5' terminal of Hantaan virus was constructed, and the antigenicity of the expression product was tested. Mice were injected with Sf9 cells infected by the recombinant baculovirus. The humoral and cellular immunological effects were identified by indirect immunofluorescence assay, micro-cell culture neutralization test and T lymphocytes stimulation test. Results: Immunized by bac-S0.7 infecting insect cells, specific antibody with the highest titer of 1∶1 600 was observed. The stimulation indexes of splenocytes of immunized mice to nucleocapsid protein of Hantaan virus was higher than the negative control. Conclusion: The expression product of S0.7 gene fragment in insect cells is immunogenic.

Expression of Rice Gall Dwarf Virus Outer Coat Protein Gene (S8) in Insect Cells

To obtain the P8 protein of Rice gall dwarf virus (RGDV) with biological activity,its outer coat protein gene S8 was expressed in Spodoptera frugiperda (Sf9) insect cells using the baculovirus expression system.The S8 gene was subcloned into the pFastBacTM1 vector,to produce the recombinant baculovirus transfer vector pFB-S8.After transformation,pFB-S8 was introduced into the competent cells (E.coli DH10Bac) containing a shuttle vector,Bacmid,generating the recombinant bacmid rbpFB-S8.After being infected by recombinant baculovirus rvpFB-S8 at different multiplicities of infection,Sf9 cells were collected at different times and analyzed by SDS-PAGE,Western blotting and immunofluorescence microscopy.The expression level of the P8 protein was highest between 48-72 h after transfection of Sf9 cells.Immunofluorescence microscopy showed that P8 protein of RGDV formed punctate structures in the cytoplasm of Sf9 cells.

Expression of the Human Growth Hormone Genein Insect Cells

The insect cellvirus (AcNPV) system was used to express heterologous protein. The recombinant transfer vector pVL1393/hGH was reconstructed in which the human Growth Hormone (hGH) gene was inserted under the control of the polyhedron gene promoter. The Spodoptera frugiperda (Sf9) cells was cotransfected with the plasmid DNA containing hGH gene and wildtype AcNPV DNA. The hGH gene was transferred to the AcNPV genome DNA through homologous recombination, and the recombinant virus rAcVhGH was obtained by multiple plaque purification. The high level of production of hGH (40 μg/mL) in supernatant of the infected monolayer culture was determined by immunochemiluminescent assay.

Expression of a bee venom phospholipase A_2 from Apis cerana cerana in the baculovirus-insect cell

Bee venom phospholipase A2(BvPLA2) is a lipolytic enzyme that catalyzes the hydrolysis of the sn-2 acyl bond of glycerophospholipids to liberate free fatty acids and lysophospholipids.In this work,a new BvPLA2(AccPLA2) gene from the Chinese honeybee(Apis cerana cerana) venom glands was inserted into bacmid to construct a recombinant transfer vector.Tn-5B-4(Tn) cells were transfected with the recombinant bacmid DNA for expression.Sodium dodecylsulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis(SDS-PAGE) analysis revealed a double band with molecular weights of 16 and 18 kDa.Products of hexahistidine AccPLA2 fusion protein accumulated up to 5.32% of the total cellular proteins.The AccPLA2 fusion protein was cross reactive with the anti-AmPLA2(BvPLA2 of the European honeybee,Apis mellifera) polyclonal serum.The reaction resulted in a double glycosylation band,which agrees with the band generated by the native AmPLA2 in Western blot analysis.The PLA2 activity of the total extracted cellular protein in the hydrolyzing egg yolk is about 3.16 μmol/(min·mg).In summary,the recombinant AccPLA2 protein,a native BvPLA2-like structure with corresponding biological activities,can be glycosylated in Tn cells.These findings provided fundamental knowledge for potential genetic engineering to produce AccPLA2 in the pharmaceutical industry.

Expression of Green Fluorescent Protein Gene with Baculovirus Vectorin Insect Cells

The green fluorescence of bioluminescent jellyfish Aequorea victoria is due to the presence of the green fluorescent protein (GFP). To examine whether the GFP gene can be applied as a reporter gene in insect cells, a baculovirus transfer vector containing the neomycin resistance gene (neo) was established. The GFP gene was subcloned into the vector downstream of the polyhedrin gene (ocu) promoter. In the presence of G418, the recombinant virus can be purified. Expression of the GFP gene in the recombinant virus should give rise to synthesis of the GFP with a molecular weight of 30×10 3 dalton, and is observable by the strong green light irradiated by ultraviolet or blue light in viable intact insect cells. The GFP produced in insect cells has typical fluorescent spectra indistinguishable from those of the purified native GFP. The GFP gene as a good reporter gene can be applied to the baculovirus insect cell expression system.

Transcriptome analyses of insect cells to facilitate baculovirus-insect expression

The High Five cell line （BTI-TN-5B1-4） isolated from the cabbage looper, Trichoplusia ni is an insect cell line widely used for baculovirus-mediated recombinant protein expression. Despite its widespread application in industry and academic laboratories, the genomic background of this cell line remains unclear. Here we sequenced the transcriptome of High Five cells and assembled 25,234 transcripts. Codon usage analysis showed that High Five cells have a robust codon usage capacity and therefore suit for expressing proteins of both eukaryotic- and prokaryotic-origin. Genes involved in glycosylation were profiled in our study, providing guidance for engineering glycosylated proteins in the insect cells. We also predicted signal peptides for transcripts with high expression abundance in both High Five and Sf21 cell lines, and these results have important implications for optimizing the expression level of some secretory and membrane proteins.

基于杆状病毒-昆虫细胞表达系统的猪脑心肌炎病毒样颗粒的表达及鉴定

脑心肌炎(encephalomyocarditis)是由脑心肌炎病毒(encephalomyocarditis virus,EMCV)引起的以猪的脑炎、心肌炎为主要特征的病毒性人畜共患病,可感染多种哺乳动物,目前国内尚无有效疫苗。本研究旨在开发一款安全有效的疫苗以防控该病。采用P1、3CD共表达的构建策略,利用杆状病毒-昆虫细胞表达系统获得EMCV病毒样颗粒(virus-like particals,VLPs)并将其免疫小鼠,初步评价其在小鼠体内的免疫应答效果。结果显示,免疫组小鼠特异性抗体滴度达到1∶192以上,中和抗体滴度达到1∶64以上,且与ISA206佐剂混合使用可诱导机体产生更高的抗体水平。IL-4、IFN-γ、IL-5、TNF-α细胞因子水平均可达到20 pg·mL^(-1),且明显高于PBS组。综上,本研究获得的EMCV病毒样颗粒疫苗可以诱导机体产生良好的细胞免疫和体液免疫应答,还能诱导炎症细胞因子的产生,有助于激发机体的免疫反应,增强疫苗的保护效果,为EMCV的防控提供了理论依据和技术储备。

石豆兰属植物国内外研究进展

综述总结近20年来国内外石豆兰属植物的研究进展。结果表明,石豆兰的化学成分主要包括菲类、联苄类、黄酮类、苯丙烷类和芪类,这些成分赋予其抗癌、抗炎镇痛、抗菌和抗氧化等生物活性。石豆兰唇瓣上的分泌组织释放甲基丁香酚、覆盆子酮、姜油酮等化学物质,以吸引雄性果蝇协助其授粉。此外,马达加斯加岛的石豆兰呈现出明显的历史进化痕迹。通过本综述,为石豆兰属植物的保护、开发和利用提供理论基础。

一株PEDV广东流行株S1基因遗传进化分析及其在昆虫细胞中的表达纯化

为了解猪流行性腹泻病毒广东流行株的S1基因流行变异情况,制备相应的诊断试剂,试验采用RT-PCR从猪流行性腹泻疑似发病仔猪的肠道内容物中扩增获得S1基因,利用生物信息学软件构建S1基因的遗传进化树.将S1基因克隆至杆状病毒穿梭质粒pFastBac1,转化至DH10Bac感受态细胞中,经抗生素筛选重组杆粒,把重组杆粒转染到昆虫细胞Sf9,盲传3代后进行间接免疫荧光试验和Western blot鉴定.结果表明:该猪流行性腹泻病毒广东流行株分布于GII-b分支,与国内猪流行性腹泻病毒分离株(HN-HB1-2018、HBHA2015)的核苷酸相似性为98.0%~98.3%,而与猪流行性腹泻病毒经典毒株CV777、DR13的核苷酸相似性仅为89.9%~90.0%.且S1重组蛋白可在昆虫细胞Sf9中以细胞培养分泌上清的形式表达.本研究可为猪流行性腹泻病毒的流行现状研究提供参考,以及后续猪流行性腹泻病毒诊断制品的研发提供前期基础.

Establishment, Growth kinetics, and Susceptibility to AcMNPV of Heat Tolerant Lepidopteran Cell Lines

Lepidopteran heat-tolerant (ht) cell lines have been obtained with sf-9, sf-21 and several Bombyx cells. They have a distinct karyotype, membrane lipid composition, morphology and growth kinetics from the parental cell lines. In this paper, we report the development of ht cell lines from other insect species and examination of their growth characteristics and virus susceptibility. Adaptation of cell lines sf-9, BTI-TN-5B1-4 (High5) and BTI-TN-MG1 (MG1) to 33℃ and 35℃ was carried out by shifting the culture temperature between 28℃ and higher temperatures by a gradual stepwise increase in temperature. The process of adaption to a higher culture temperature was accomplished over a period of 2 months. The cell lines with the temperature adaption were designated as sf9-ht33, sf9-ht35, High5-ht33, High5-ht35, MG1-ht33, MG1-ht35. These cell lines have been subcultured over 70 passages. Adaption to high temperatures was confirmed by a constant population doubling time with individual cell lines. The population doubling time of heat adapted cell lines were 1-4 h less than these of parental cell lines. Cell shapes did not show obvious change, however, the cell size of sf9-ht cells was enlarged and those of High5 and MG1 ht cells were reduced after heat adaption. When the cell lines were infected with Autographa californica nuclear polyhedrosis virus (AcMNPV) at 28℃, 33℃, 35℃ and 37℃, production of budded virus and occlusion bodies in each cell line was optimum at its own adapted temperature.

利用一种新型反应器——BelloCell培养动物细胞

利用BelloCell这种新型的生物反应器,来培养COS7细胞和昆虫Sf 9细胞。COS7细胞和昆虫Sf 9细胞分别用T75培养瓶及spinner flask培养之后,经细胞计数接入BelloCell之中,同时检测并分析培养基中葡萄糖、谷氨酰胺、乳酸和氨浓度变化情况。COS7细胞初始接种量为4.208×107cells,最终在培养156h后细胞数量达到了4.68×108cells,是初始细胞量的11倍。sf 9细胞初始接种细胞量为1×108cells,在培养192h时,细胞总量达到了最高为4.01×109cells,是最初细胞量的40倍。培养基的代谢物进行有规律的变化。BelloCell适合COS7细胞和昆虫Sf 9细胞高密度大规模培养,为动物细胞高效大规模表达药物蛋白,奠定重要的基础。

人促甲状腺激素受体A亚单位蛋白在昆虫细胞体系中的分泌性表达

目的拟构建昆虫细胞分泌表达体系,在草地夜蛾卵巢细胞分泌性促甲状腺激素受体(thyroid stimulating hormone receptor,TSHR)A亚单位蛋白。方法将TSHR A亚单位蛋白(22-289)和绿色荧光蛋白(green fluorescence protein,GFP)基因连接到质粒,并通过转化、蓝白斑筛选获得重组杆粒,将其转染入sf9昆虫细胞收获重组杆状病毒,扩增并测定滴度。最终通过蛋白印迹实验鉴定重组蛋白的表达并优化表达条件。结果在蛋白表达体系的构建过程中,PCR鉴定和测序均证实了重组质粒和重组杆粒序列的正确性。将重组杆粒转染入细胞后观察到病毒出芽迹象,空斑实验鉴定P1代病毒的滴度为2×10^(7) pfu/m。蛋白印迹显示重组蛋白分子质量为55 ku,主要在培养基中。蛋白表达的最佳感染复数(multiplicity of infection,MOI)为1,最佳感染时程为72 h。结论本研究构建了TSHR A亚单位的昆虫细胞杆状病毒表达体系,该体系能够外泌性表达分子质量为55 ku左右的蛋白TSHR 22-289,且蛋白能够成功的糖基化修饰。该系统为其工业化平台的建设及生产提供前期基础,也针对日后TSHR蛋白的研究和Graves病的病因预防提供了有用的工具。

单细胞转录组在昆虫学研究的应用

为了解析昆虫表型背后的基因调控机制,单细胞转录组测序克服了传统技术的缺陷,充分体现了细胞异质性,实现了细胞类型的鉴定、细胞的分化轨迹的推导、细胞间互作关系的分析。总结了单细胞转录组在昆虫学研究方面的应用,以期为昆虫表型—细胞—基因的功能研究和分子机制研究提供参考借鉴。

猪源戊型肝炎病毒ORF2蛋白生物信息学分析及真核表达研究

【目的】分析猪源戊型肝炎病毒(Swine hepatitis E virus,sHEV)4型ORF2蛋白的结构和功能,筛选具有保护性抗原的基因片段并表达蛋白,为研究其作为潜在保护性抗原提供候选蛋白。【方法】对sHEV 4型ORF2蛋白进行生物信息学分析,选取具有潜在保护性抗原蛋白的基因片段ORF 2(128/140),通过PCR扩增、酶切后克隆至昆虫细胞表达载体,转染sf9细胞,通过Western blotting鉴定分析表达蛋白p128/p140。【结果】生物信息学分析显示,sHEV 4型ORF2蛋白存在2个稳定蛋白:p128和p140,分别含有496和476个氨基酸,二者皆为稳定蛋白,无跨膜区,蛋白二级结构主要以无规则卷曲为主。p128蛋白有11个T细胞表位、21个B细胞表位;p140蛋白有14个T细胞表位、18个B细胞表位。成功构建ORF 2(128)、ORF 2(140)2个基因的昆虫细胞表达载体,转染sf9细胞后经Western blotting检测发现,表达蛋白可被His标签单抗、sHEV抗体阳性血清识别。【结论】试验发现2个sHEV具有潜在保护性抗原的p128和p140蛋白,均可在sf9细胞中表达,且具有免疫活性。结果为进一步研究sHEV ORF2蛋白的功能和新型疫苗的研发提供了材料。

非洲猪瘟病毒p54蛋白在昆虫细胞中的表达及其免疫原性分析

非洲猪瘟病毒(ASFV)p54蛋白由晚期基因E183L编码,是主要的结构蛋白之一。为了获得免疫原性强的p54蛋白,本研究将E183L基因克隆至pFastBac1载体中,取1μg重组质粒转座DH10Bac感受态细菌,经三轮蓝白斑筛选后,获得重组Bacmid-p54。将提取的Bacmid-p54质粒DNA转染Sf9细胞,出现明显病变后,收获细胞培养上清,在正常Sf9细胞中传三代,获得的杆状病毒命名为rBac-P54。利用SDS-PAGE检测rBac-P54感染后昆虫细胞的蛋白表达情况,并通过间接免疫荧光(IFA)和Western-blot鉴定p54蛋白的免疫原性。结果显示,在感染的Sf9细胞中,p54蛋白能获得高效表达,并可被ASFV阳性血清特异性识别。这表明杆状病毒系统表达的p54蛋白具有良好的免疫原性,为后续开展非洲猪瘟血清学诊断和p54功能研究奠定基础。

赤羽病病毒G1蛋白生物信息学分析及截短基因的真核表达

为得到赤羽病病毒(AKV)G1蛋白的截短表达产物作为诊断抗原,通过PCR扩增、酶切、连接、转化等技术手段,成功克隆出优势抗原结合表位区Thr189-Val 397对应的目的基因G1-2。将目的基因克隆至昆虫杆状病毒表达载体pFastBac HTB,将该重组质粒转化含有杆状病毒穿梭载体的DH10Bac感受态细胞,得到重组穿梭质粒Bacmid-AKV-G1-2,用Cellfectin ReagentⅡ介导转染sf9细胞,获得重组蛋白,Western blot法检测和分析重组蛋白表达情况。软件分析结果表明189~397 aa肽段为亲水性蛋白,存在跨膜区,该蛋白存在多个潜在的磷酸化位点,具有丰富的潜在抗原表位,属于优势抗原肽段,选取该肽段进行截短真核表达,以AKV抗体阳性血清进行Western blot鉴定,重组蛋白能被特异性识别,出现预期蛋白反应条带,表明G1-2蛋白成功表达,分子量约为27 kDa。本研究为进一步开展截短表达产物为抗原的赤羽病病毒诊断试剂研制奠定了基础。