Vitamin d deficiency and metabolic syndrome:The joint effect on cardiovascular and all-cause mortality in the United States adults

BACKGROUND The long-term impact of vitamin D deficiency and metabolic syndrome(MetS)on cardiovascular disease(CVD)and all-cause mortality are still a matter of debate.AIM To test the hypotheses that lower serum 25 hydroxyvitamin D[25(OH)D]concentrations(a marker of vitamin D level)and MetS have a long-term impact on the risk of CVD and all-cause mortality,and individuals with vitamin D deficiency can be identified by multiple factors.METHODS A sample of 9094 adults,20 to 90 years of age,who participated in the Third National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey(NHANES III,1988 to 1994)were followed through December 2015 was analyzed.The associations of serum 25(OH)D concentrations and MetS with CVD and all-cause mortality were analyzed longitudinally using Cox regression models.Classification and regression tree(CART)for machine learning was applied to classify individuals with vitamin D deficiency.RESULTS Of 9094 participants,30%had serum 25(OH)D concentrations<20 ng/mL(defined as vitamin D deficiency),39%had serum 25(OH)D concentrations between 20 to 29 ng/mL(insufficiency),and 31%had serum 25(OH)D concentrations≥30 ng/mL(sufficiency).Prevalence of MetS was 28.4%.During a mean of 18 years follow-up,vitamin D deficiency and MetS were significantly associated with increased risk of CVD and all-cause mortality.Subjects with both vitamin D deficiency and MetS had the highest risk of CVD mortality(HR=1.77,95%CI:1.22-2.58)and all-cause mortality(HR=1.62,95%CI:1.26-2.09),followed by those with both vitamin D insufficiency and MetS for CVD mortality(HR=1.59,95%CI:1.12-2.24),and all-cause mortality(HR=1.41,95%CI:1.08-1.85).Meanwhile,vitamin D sufficiency significantly decreased the risk of CVD and all-cause mortality for those who even had MetS.Among the total study sample,CART analysis suggests that being non-Hispanic Black,having lower serum folate level,and being female were the first three predictors for those with serum 25(OH)D deficiency.CONCLUSION Vitamin D deficiency and MetS were significantly associated with increased risk of CVD and allcause mortality.There was a significant joint effect of vitamin D deficiency and MetS on the risk of mortality.Findings of the CART analysis may be useful to identify individuals positioned to benefit from interventions to reduce the risk of CVD and all-cause mortality.

Joint Effects of Mexidol and Nitroglycerine on Nitric Oxide Formation in Animal Liver Tissues

This work is investigating Mexidol (2-ethyl-6-methyl-3-hydroxy pyridine succinate) effect on the formation of nitric oxide (NO) in animal liver tissues, which is a regulator of many physiological processes and plays an important role in the vascular relaxation, neurotransmission and immune system functioning. Analyses performed by EPR spectroscopy revealed Hem-NO complex signals from paramagnetic centers in arbitrary units;produced nitrogen oxide amount in liver tissues was determined by method of double integration signals from nitrosyl complexes.

Joint effects of micro-sized polystyrene and chlorpyrifos on zebrafish based on multiple endpoints and gut microbial effects

Microplastics often co-occur with a variety of organic contaminants in aquatic environment and pose combined risks to aquatic wildlife. Here, we investigated joint effects of microsized polystyrene(mPS, 5 μm) and an organophosphate pesticide chlorpyrifos on zebrafish,using multiple endpoints at both fish individual and gut microbiota levels. It was revealed that mPS ingested by zebrafish accumulated in gut and liver, and caused oxidative stress, hyperactive swimming performance and histological damages in fish, and induced disorders and diversity alterations of the gut microbial community. More importantly, mPS exhibited considerable adsorption capacity against chlorpyrifos, and those adsorbing chlorpyrifos presented greater effects on fish individuals but no different effects on gut microbiota compared to single mPS exposure. Together with body residues of chlorpyrifos in zebrafish,it was proposed that the joint effects between mPS and chlorpyrifos were attributed to the chlorpyrifos released from mPS within zebrafish. The present results provided a comprehensive understanding of joint effects of mPS and contaminants co-occurring in the environment and emphasized the importance of considering the adsorbed chemicals in toxicological studies of microplastics.

Joint effects of acetochlor and urea on germinating characteristics of crop seeds

In order to evaluate ecological risk of agrochemicals in common use, joint toxic effects of acetochlor and urea on germinating characteristics of Chinese cabbage (Brassica Pe-kinensis Rupr) seeds were investigated using the water-culture method and the soil-culture method. The results indicated(that excessive application of acetochlor and urea, when the concentrations were higher than 31.3 mg · kg-1 for acetochlor and 500 mg · kg-1 for urea, had strong inhibitory effects on the rate of seed germination, root elongation and hypocotyl length of Chinese cabbage. The inhibitory rate of the germinating characteristics of Chinese cabbage seeds was significantly increased with an increase in the concentration of acetochlor or urea. The two agrochemicals in water had a stronger toxicity than these in the soil at the same concentration. Among the three indexes, hypocotyl length was the most sensitive to the toxicity of acetochlor and urea.

Joint toxic effects of heavy metals and atrazine on invasive plant species Solidago Canadensis L.

In this study, the joint effects of Cd(Ⅱ), Pb(Ⅱ) and atrazine (ATR) on Solidago Canadensis L. were investigated. The results showed that soil containing Cd, Pb and ATR could inhibit root elongation of Solidago Canadensis L., and that there was a positive linear relationship between the inhibitory rate of root elongation and the concentrations of Pb(Ⅱ). The mixture of Cd(Ⅱ) and Pb(Ⅱ)-ATR in soil showed a significant adverse effect on root and shoot biomass of Solidago Canadensis L. Acetylsalicylic acid (ASA) contents increased slightly at the lower concentrations of Cd(Ⅱ)-ATR, then decreased when Cd(Ⅱ)-ATR concentrations were higher than those of 1.0 TUmix(Cd+ATR). The toxic effect of Pb(Ⅱ)-ATR on the ASA contents of Solidago Canadensis L. was greater than that of Cd(Ⅱ)-ATR. Soluble sugar contents firstly decreased and then increased with increasing concentrations of Cd(Ⅱ)-ATR and displayed fluctuation with increasing concentrations of Pb(Ⅱ)-ATR. Total protein contents in-creased with increasing concentrations of Cd(Ⅱ) and Pb(Ⅱ)-ATR , relative to the control sample. The NP-SH con-tents showed a significant increase up to 12.2 mg/gfw of Cd(Ⅱ)-ATR, followed by a significant decline to 4.5 mg/gfw after 14 days of exposure. The effect of Pb(Ⅱ)-ATR was similar to that of Cd(Ⅱ)-ATR but the amount of NP-SH was not higher than that of Cd(Ⅱ)-ATR.

Effect of pad geometry on current density and temperature distributions in solder bump joints

Three-dimensional thermo-electrical finite element analyses were conducted to simulate the current density and temperature distributions in solder bump joints with different pad geometries.The effects of pad thickness,diameter and shape on current density and temperate distributions were investigated respectively.It was found that pads with larger thickness or/and diameter could reduce current density and temperature in solder bump significantly.Pad shapes affected the current density and temperature distributions in solder bumps.The relatively low current density and temperature didn＇t occur in the bump joint with traditional rounded pad but occurred in bump joints with octagonal and nonagonal pads respectively.Therefore,optimized pad geometry may be designed to alleviate the current crowding effect and reduce the bump temperature,and therefore delay electromigration failure and increase the mean-time-to-failure.

Effective way of alleviating poverty against poverty control: Based on the model of "Three Drives, Four Joints" in Zhen'an County

Based on the survey research of poverty controlling model of "Three Drives, Four Joints" in Zhen'an County, its forming motives, implementing mechanism, and constraint factors have been explored to testify its enlightenment and applicability, establishing a promotable, applicable, and effective poverty alleviation model. "Three Drives, Four Joints" model is linked to the poor who lacks ability of self-development. Relying on the drives from key leading companies, the capable and the rich, a community with shared interests by the poor and the subjects of the "three drives" could be formed through "Joint Production, Joint Resources, Joint Community of Stock, and Joint Operation". The linked poverty alleviation development model of "the influential and the rich bring along the poor" and "A rich household would help the others" come into being. It is found out that the model of "Three Drives, Four Joints" is in essence a poverty alleviation method focusing on the increase of the income and diversified ways of increasing the earnings. Problems of poverty alleviation carrier and joint mechanism have been solved in the poverty alleviation process. The model is innovative in activating the resource elements, helping to move the poor out of poverty. A referential, copyable, and applicable model is offered to advance the poverty alleviation in mountainous areas in China.

Single and joint stress of acetochlor and Pb on three agricultural crops in northeast China

In order to evaluate ecological risk of agrochemicals in agricultural environment, single and joint toxic effects of an important herbicide and a typical heavy metal on root elongation of crops were investigated. Seeds of the three crops including wheat （Triticum aestivum）, Chinese cabbage （Brassica pekimensis） and soybean （Glycine max） as the main crops in northeast China were exposed to acetochior as a herbicide and lead （Pb） as a heavy metal using the pot-culture method, and meadow brown soil as one of the main soils distributed in northeast China was applied in the investigation. The results indicated that the interactive effects of the two pollutants on root elongation of the three crops were very complicated although they had markedly significant （P〈0.01） linear interrelationships based on the regression analyses. When the concentration of added Pb^2＋ reached 200 mg/kg, acetochlor and Pb had an antagonistic effect on the inhibition of root elongation of the three crops. However, acetochlor and Pb had significantly （P〈0.05） synergic effects on the inhibition of root elongation when concentration of added Pb^2＋ was up to 1000 mg/kg. At the low concentration of added Pb, joint toxicity of acetochlor and Pb was more dependent on the concentration of Pb. Among the three crops, wheat was the most sensitive to the toxicity of Pb and Chinese cabbage was the most sensitive to the toxicity of acetochlor.

Shear strength criteria for rock,rock joints,rockfill and rock masses:Problems and some solutions

Although many intact rock types can be very strong,a critical confining pressure can eventually be reached in triaxial testing,such that the Mohr shear strength envelope becomes horizontal.This critical state has recently been better defined,and correct curvature or correct deviation from linear Mohr-Coulomb（MC） has finally been found.Standard shear testing procedures for rock joints,using multiple testing of the same sample,in case of insufficient samples,can be shown to exaggerate apparent cohesion.Even rough joints do not have any cohesion,but instead have very high friction angles at low stress,due to strong dilation.Rock masses,implying problems of large-scale interaction with engineering structures,may have both cohesive and frictional strength components.However,it is not correct to add these,following linear M-C or nonlinear Hoek-Brown（H-B） standard routines.Cohesion is broken at small strain,while friction is mobilized at larger strain and remains to the end of the shear deformation.The criterion ＇c then σn tan φ＇ should replace ＇c plus σn tan φ＇ for improved fit to reality.Transformation of principal stresses to a shear plane seems to ignore mobilized dilation,and caused great experimental difficulties until understood.There seems to be plenty of room for continued research,so that errors of judgement of the last 50 years can be corrected.

Location Results for Brace Spacing in Gap Tubular “K” Joints Using FEM

The 8-node iso-parametric thin shell element was employed in the study of stress concentrations in the welded tubular “K” joint. Element equilibrium equations were derived using isoparametric formulation based on thin shell theory. After assembly, the resulting system equations were solved using existing fortran programs. Numerical experiments were conducted to isolate and locate ideal gap (positions) for the two braces of the “K” joint. The nominal stresses were calculated from which stress concentration factors were obtained. The resulting stress concentration factors were presented both as tables and as figures. A good agreement between our solutions and those for model joints in the literature is good and acceptable. It was found that the wider apart the brace spacing is, the weaker the strength of the joint. It was also found that the best location for the braces occurs when the stress level changes sign either from positive to negative or vice versa at a critical sampling point.

The Synergistic Effect of Quaternary Ammonium Canons on the Corrosion Inhibition of Fe by Inorganic Anions

The synergistic effect of tetrabutylammonium canon(TBA+)or N-hexadecylpyridinium cation(HDP+)and SCN-or I-in 0. 5 mol. L-1 H2SO4 solution on the corrosion inhibition or Armco iron was investigated by potentiodynamic polarization and polarization resistance measurements. The results show that the synergistic effect of HDP+ containing v-electron and anion is stronger than that of TBA+ and anion.The Joint adsorption models of canon and anion at electrode-solution interface are related to the structure and property of both ions by analyzing the desorption behaviours of both ions when the electrode is polarized anodically.

Management of Traumatic Joint Dislocations in Irrua

Aim:?To elucidate the pattern of presentation and management of traumatic major joint dislocations as seen in Irrua Specialist Teaching Hospital. Method: A five-year retrospective review of 44 cases in 43 patients. Data were retrieved from the Medical Records Department of the hospital. Results:?Forty-four cases of traumatic dislocations were reviewed in 43 patients. Male to female ratio was 7.6:1. Median age was 33 years. The majority of patients were in the 3rd?decade of life. Patients below 40 years accounted for 62.79% of cases. Twenty-four (55.81%) patients had hip dislocation. Knee dislocations were the least, accounting for 2.32% of cases. All cases except three resulted from road traffic accidents (RTAs). None had neurologic deficits. Nineteen (44.23%) patients had isolated injuries. 76.7% cases presented in less than 6 hours. All shoulder dislocations were anterior while all elbow dislocations were posterior. All except 3 cases were managed by closed manipulation under general anaesthesia. Two patients died from associated head injury. Fourteen patients discharged against medical advice while recuperating in the ward. Follow-up was however difficult as a significant number did not turn up. Conclusion: Hip dislocation is the commonest variety of traumatic dislocation in our setting. A majority of cases were amenable to closed manipulation and immobilization. Road traffic accidents accounted for the majority.

计及占用影响的集成楼宇暖通空调负荷群配电网优化方法

提出了一种考虑人员占用影响的集成楼宇暖通空调(heating,ventilation and air conditioning,HVAC)负荷群配电电网优化方法。首先,依据建筑围护热阻热容网络和配电网支路潮流方程构建了集成暖通空调负荷群配电网数学模型。其次,利用梯形隶属度函数模糊化占用人数并考虑其对暖通空调负荷温度调控的影响,形成包含占用松弛函数约束的暖通空调负荷群与配电网联合优化方法。最后,通过模型预测控制方法实现了集成楼宇暖通空调负荷群配电网的滚动优化控制。改进的IEEE33节点配电网系统仿真结果表明,所提出的计及占用影响的联合优化模型,在楼宇侧能够满足人员热舒适性,同时减少楼宇暖通空调负荷能耗,在电网侧则减少配电网线路损耗和节点电压的波动,有效提高楼宇侧和电网侧整体的节能水平。

考虑尺寸效应的RC梁-柱节点抗剪承载力计算方法研究

依据《混凝土结构设计规范》(GB 50010—2010)设计的RC梁-柱节点,其抗剪承载力安全储备随节点尺寸增大而显著降低,这主要是因为节点名义抗剪强度的尺寸效应。首先,基于不同因素对节点名义抗剪强度及其尺寸效应行为的影响规律分析,建立了综合考虑节点配箍率、轴压比及混凝土强度影响的RC梁-柱节点名义抗剪强度尺寸效应公式。然后,通过引入尺寸效应系数,提出了针对《混凝土结构设计规范》(GB 50010—2010)中RC梁-柱节点抗剪承载力计算公式的修正建议。与相关试验数据对比分析表明:基于修正公式设计RC梁-柱节点的抗剪承载力可有效改善大尺寸节点的安全储备。

基于零点有效缺口应力的薄板焊接接头疲劳评估

文中采用零点有效缺口应力进行了薄板焊接接头的疲劳评估研究.该方法综合考虑整体结构应力以及缺口根部到零点位置的非线性峰值应力的影响,以临界距离法和零点结构应力法为基础,将零点应力位置作为缺口对结构疲劳影响的临界距离对焊接结构进行疲劳强度评估.通过对两种不同类型的焊接接头试样(T形单面焊接头和不同厚度组合搭接接头)的疲劳试验结果进行拟合.结果表明,在对焊根失效的试样进行疲劳评估时,焊根位置不同截面应力线性化之后得到零点有效缺口应力存在较大差异;其中,焊脚截面应力线性化得到的S-N曲线分散带宽度最小;再者,同时考虑焊趾和焊根失效的零点有效缺口应力S-N曲线,与分别考虑焊趾或焊根失效的零点有效缺口应力S-N曲线分散带相差不大,证明该方法可同时用于焊接接头焊趾和焊根疲劳评估.

系统化康复治疗损伤所致膝关节疼痛及运动障碍的效果

目的探讨系统化康复治疗损伤所致膝关节疼痛及运动障碍的实施效果.方法选取2022-09至2023-09在武警黑龙江总队医院康复医学与理疗科收治的损伤所致膝关节疼痛及运动障碍患者110例,根据随机数表法分为观察组和对照组,每组各55例.对照组实施基础理疗和推拿的常规康复治疗,观察组实施运动疗法主导的系统化康复治疗.比较两组出现感染、延迟愈合、创伤性关节炎以及下肢静脉血栓等并发症情况,比较膝关节功能评分、疼痛评分、生理功能、心理功能、社会功能及总体健康等评分情况.结果观察组出现感染、延迟愈合、创伤性关节炎以及下肢静脉血栓等并发症的总概率低于对照组(P<0.05);治疗后观察组膝关节Lysholm评分高于对照组[(90.76±3.72)vs.(79.58±3.85),P<0.01],而VAS评分低于对照组[(2.36±0.69)vs.(5.47±1.34),P<0.01];观察组生理功能、心理功能、社会功能以及总体健康等评分高于对照组(P<0.01).结论系统化康复治疗损伤所致膝关节疼痛及运动障碍的效果显著,可以显著改善患者膝关节活动度,恢复膝关节正常功能状态.

IMPROVEMENT OF FATIGUE STRENGTH OF TUBULAR T-JOINT IN OFFSHORE PLATFORMS DUE TO POSTWELD TREATMENT

Improvement of the fatigue life of welded tubular T-joints in offshore platforms due to weld toe grinding and TIG dressing is studied physically and experimentally. It is shown that the two methods of treatment can improve the fatigue strength of welded tubular joints not only in the environment of air but even in the envirnment of seawater accordingly.

分阶段康复治疗对肩袖损伤关节镜术后患者肩关节功能恢复的效果观察

目的观察分阶段康复治疗对肩袖损伤关节镜术后患者肩关节功能恢复的效果。方法70例施以关节镜手术治疗的肩袖损伤患者,以随机数字表法分成研究组和对照组,每组35例。对照组采取常规康复治疗,研究组采取分阶段康复治疗。比较两组患者治疗前后肩关节功能评分及疗效。结果治疗后,两组患者疼痛、日常生活能力、肢体活动度、肌力评分及总分均较治疗前显著提升,且研究组疼痛评分(14.18±2.29)分、日常生活能力评分(15.44±2.60)分、肢体活动度评分(29.36±3.06)分、肌力评分(16.82±2.11)分及总分(75.80±6.53)分与对照组的(11.44±2.03)、(12.17±2.36)、(24.16±5.33)、(14.50±3.06)、(62.27±7.29)分相比更高,具有显著差异(P<0.05)。研究组的治疗总有效率100.00%与对照组的82.86%相比更高,具有显著差异(P<0.05)。结论对肩袖损伤关节镜术后患者实施分阶段康复治疗,可显著改善肩关节功能,提升治疗效果。

夏季气温和湿度暴露对人群非意外死亡的联合效应研究

目的研究夏季气温和湿度暴露对人群非意外死亡的影响。方法从中国疾病预防控制中心及广东省、浙江省、湖南省、云南省和吉林省等多省的疾病预防控制中心收集2006—2017年共124个市(自治州)的夏季人群非意外死亡时间序列资料,分别从国家气象科学数据中心和全国城市空气质量实时发布平台获取各研究市与死亡同期的气象数据和污染物数据。运用分布滞后非线性模型(distributed lag non-linear model,DLNM)分别拟合气温、湿度与人群死亡风险的暴露反应关系。运用分位数g计算回归(quantile g-computation,qgcomp)模型评估气温和湿度复合暴露对人群非意外死亡的联合效应。结果夏季气温与人群死亡风险的累计死亡效应呈“J”型,而湿度与死亡之间的暴露-反应关系则呈倒“J”型。气温和湿度复合暴露与人群非意外死亡风险的关联呈非线性关系,以复合暴露的第一分位数作为参考,第二、三、四分位数对应的相对危险度(relative risk,RR)分别是1.01(95%CI:1.00~1.02)、1.04(95%CI:1.02~1.05)和1.08(95%CI:1.05~1.10),其中男性、≥65岁人群以及脑血管疾病患者是敏感人群,中部地区人群危险性较低。气温和湿度在全人群联合效应中的贡献分别为84.92%和15.08%,男性与≥65岁人群的气温效应占比大于同亚组人群,分别为86.98%和86.16%,北方、中部和南方地区气温效应占比均在80%左右。心血管疾病、脑血管疾病和呼吸系统疾病气温效应占比分别为68.01%、72.44%和71.46%。结论在夏季随着气温和湿度均升高,人群的非意外死亡风险增加,气温在联合效应中的贡献占比较高。性别、年龄、地区和患病情况均对气温和湿度的联合死亡效应有修饰作用。

长三角地区联合河长制政策效果模拟与仿真研究

基于DPSIR理论,运用系统动力学的方法,构建长三角地区联合河长制政策仿真模型,从水资源保护、水污染防治、水生态修复、水环境治理等维度,通过模拟与仿真,纵横对比联合河长制的政策效果,分析联合河长制政策2023—2035年的政策效果。研究结果表明:(1)长三角地区联合河长制政策整体效果比较显著,在水资源保护、水污染防治、水生态修复、水环境治理四个方面的政策效果明显;(2)自2023年起的未来十多年,联合河长制政策效果呈减弱趋势,并不具有较强的可持续性,要持续实现联合河长制较好的政策效果,需要进一步深化完善与联合河长制政策相配套的协作机制、动力机制、保障机制、监督机制等政策体系。论文为解决长三角地区流域治理中上下游,干支流、左右岸不协同,优化流域单元与行政单元间的“条”“块”协同机制,推进长三角地区协同大保护与高质量发展具有十分重要的理论意义和实践价值。